CALE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS.
Cell theory - ANS All living organisms are made up of cells
Cells are the smallest functioning unit of living organisms
All cells come from pre-existing cells
the characteristics of living organisms - ANS Movement - able to move towards food and
light
Sensitivity - sensitive to touch and moves away from danger
Growth - has the ability for cells to divide, grow and replace
Reproduce - can create an offspring
Exchange of gas - gases such as oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen
Excretion - can excrete waste and get rid of toxins
Nutrition - is able to input nutrition and use its diet to grow/repair
Types of cells - ANS Prokaryotic - does not contain a nucleus or membrane bound organelles.
Unicellular. E.g. bacteria
Eukaryotic - contains a nucleus surrounded by a membrane. Contains membrane bound
organelles. E.g. animals, plants, fungi
Parts of Prokaryotic cell - ANS Cell wall- support and protection, found in plant cell only
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, Cell membrane - flexible barrier that regulates movement of molecules in and out of the cell,
found in all cells
Nucleus - holds DNA which controls cell activities.
Mitochondria - where energy ATP (energy currency for all cells) is produced from glucose in
cellular respiration
Chloroplast - site of photosynthesis to convert light energy into glucose.
Ribosome - site of protein synthesis
Cytosol - jelly fluid where many cell reactions happen
Parts of Eukaryotic cell - ANS Endoplasmic reticulum - transports materials within the cell.
Tubular tunnels, next to nucleus.
Golgi apparatus - packages materials for storage and secretion out of the cell. Close to the cell
membrane.
Vacuole - storage area for water, starch, oils etc. Found in plants/animals. Large in plant cells.
Lysosomes - packets of enzymes (protein chemicals that break down substances) that are
released to kill old/malfunctioning cells
Centriole - structures involved in cell division
Characteristics of LIGHT microscopes - ANS Use lenses to bend light and magnify images
Used to study dead or living cells in color
Cell movement can be studied. Can see cell wall, nucleus, cell membrane, chloroplasts, cytosol;
can see living cells if not stained
Characteristics of ELECTRON microscopes - ANS Uses electron beams focused by
electromagnets to magnify and resolve.
Requires cells to be killed and chemically treated before viewing, so no movement can be seen.
Without stain or dye, no color* can be seen.
TEM vs SEM - ANS TEM - 1million x and through (T like Transmission)
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VERIFIED ANSWERS.
Cell theory - ANS All living organisms are made up of cells
Cells are the smallest functioning unit of living organisms
All cells come from pre-existing cells
the characteristics of living organisms - ANS Movement - able to move towards food and
light
Sensitivity - sensitive to touch and moves away from danger
Growth - has the ability for cells to divide, grow and replace
Reproduce - can create an offspring
Exchange of gas - gases such as oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen
Excretion - can excrete waste and get rid of toxins
Nutrition - is able to input nutrition and use its diet to grow/repair
Types of cells - ANS Prokaryotic - does not contain a nucleus or membrane bound organelles.
Unicellular. E.g. bacteria
Eukaryotic - contains a nucleus surrounded by a membrane. Contains membrane bound
organelles. E.g. animals, plants, fungi
Parts of Prokaryotic cell - ANS Cell wall- support and protection, found in plant cell only
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, Cell membrane - flexible barrier that regulates movement of molecules in and out of the cell,
found in all cells
Nucleus - holds DNA which controls cell activities.
Mitochondria - where energy ATP (energy currency for all cells) is produced from glucose in
cellular respiration
Chloroplast - site of photosynthesis to convert light energy into glucose.
Ribosome - site of protein synthesis
Cytosol - jelly fluid where many cell reactions happen
Parts of Eukaryotic cell - ANS Endoplasmic reticulum - transports materials within the cell.
Tubular tunnels, next to nucleus.
Golgi apparatus - packages materials for storage and secretion out of the cell. Close to the cell
membrane.
Vacuole - storage area for water, starch, oils etc. Found in plants/animals. Large in plant cells.
Lysosomes - packets of enzymes (protein chemicals that break down substances) that are
released to kill old/malfunctioning cells
Centriole - structures involved in cell division
Characteristics of LIGHT microscopes - ANS Use lenses to bend light and magnify images
Used to study dead or living cells in color
Cell movement can be studied. Can see cell wall, nucleus, cell membrane, chloroplasts, cytosol;
can see living cells if not stained
Characteristics of ELECTRON microscopes - ANS Uses electron beams focused by
electromagnets to magnify and resolve.
Requires cells to be killed and chemically treated before viewing, so no movement can be seen.
Without stain or dye, no color* can be seen.
TEM vs SEM - ANS TEM - 1million x and through (T like Transmission)
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
