Summary Matric IEB Evolution

EVOLUTION
generalterm changesmayoccurinchemicalsmattersolarsystems
gradualchange.ae languageorcharacteristicsof a population



BIOLOGICALEVOLUTION
geneticchanges in a populationoflivingorganismsthatareinheritedoversuccessivegenerationsduetonatural
selection mutationsand
geneticdriftresultingin theformationof a newspecies

Macroevolution Microevolution
developmentof newlifeforms orspecies variationthatoccurswithin a species
earlierlifeformsovermanygenerations
from smallchangesoriginateinthegenepoolwhichcauses
SPECIATION basisofmacro evolution smallchangesinthegenotypeofthespecies
newspeciesdevelopfromexistingspecies changesarepassedon totheoffspring
These




HYPOTHESIS
Aneducatedassumption provides a proposedsolutionorexplanation
basedonscientificevidence observations
itistestedin aseriesofexperiments repeatedobservation
it isaccepted rejecteddepending on theresults

THEORY
Awellsubstantiated supportedbyevidenceexplanation thatmakessenseof a naturalphenomenon
basedonscientificevidence
testedorconfirmedbyresearchers
itdevelops changes asnewevidenceisdiscovered


Evolutionis a scientific basedon aseriesofhypotheses thathavebeentested verified
theory

,Originof development oflife onearth sourceofspeculation conflict

Theory
lifeoneartharosefromacommonancestor4.6billionyearsago bymanyscientists
supported



Theory
theprocessofevolutionoccurredwhenonekindoforganismchangedintoanother
evolutionistsbelievethisprocessled toenormousbiodiversitythatcurrentlyexistsonearth


Evidence of Evolution
itis ascientifictheorythatisexplained
bydifferentlinesofeggeegaragecontributions of manyscientists
2 Modificationbydescent
3 Biogeography
4Genetics
5 otherforms

Fossil Records
Fossil anorganismorremains imprints or footprintsofanorganismusuallypreserved inrock
paleontological micro
evidenceshows macroevolution
provideevidence of thehistory ofextinctorganismsonearth
givean indication ofenvironmentalconditions climatemillionsofyears ago

FossilRecords
providedetailed information evidence ofsystematicchange throughtime
accumulation of all listed knownfossilsofdifferent
agesdiscoveredbypaleontologists
worldwide
Limitations

in aii a i im e ii
incomplete
ggen
na anindicationoranoneorganisms


Howdo fossil records indicate that evolution has taken place
Showincreasingcomplexity over time
Asuccessionof changesisseenwhenthefull rangeof fossilsarearrangedinorder ofage
fossilsof thesimplestandearliestorganismsappearedin theoldestrocks
morecomplexorganismswerefoundinnewerrodes

, Arrangement oforganismsfromsimplesttomorecomplexaccording to the fossilrecord

Prokaryotes Amphibians
Eukaryotes Reptiles
invertebrates Mammals
Fish Humans
Landplants



Show increase in diversity
Thereis awiderangeof
diversity on earth today
oldestfossilbearingrockscontain a smalldiversityof fossilisedorganisms
youngerfossilbearingrockscontainan enormousdiversity

Teitorganismsdescendedfromcommonancestorswhich
adaptedto avarietyofenvironments CLADOGENESIS
canberepresentedbya familytree I
thatshowsevolutionaryrelationships
speffesfats's'e lnÉntancestrasfbfeat.gssecamm 1yna
Cladogram
SatisfySincreased

Show more extinct species as one moves back in time
speciesbecomeextinctbecausetheyhavenotadapted tochangingconditions
newspecieswhichare bettersuitedto a changingenvironmentwill survive andeventually

repiacemespecies.it
iiFpi iEI s
morespeciesgoextinct over time
ad
Overall increase in size
iii ieniiiiisaiii.im isms


Existence of intermediate forms between groups
Transitionalfossils have amixture of traitsthatshow a link betweengroupsandare therefore
referredtoas missinglinks

suggestthatonegroupmayhavegivenriseto theotherbyevolutionaryprocesses
serveasfurtherevidence ofmodification descent
by
Exampleoftransitional fossil archaeopteryx
was avertebrate thatdisplayedbothreptilianand avian
features