DVT-PVD-PE-HTN-ED EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
1) What will the nurse most likely assess in a client with right heart failure?
A) Leg cramps
B) Indigestion
C) Reduced circulation to the pulmonary structures
D) Reduced urine output - Answers C) Reduced circulation to the pulmonary structures
Circulation to the pulmonary structures begins with the right side of the heart. The client with
right heart failure will have reduced circulation to these structures. There is no evidence to
suggest that right heart failure will cause indigestion or reduced urine output. Not all clients with
right heart failure experience leg cramps.
The nurse is concerned that a client with an alteration in perfusion is at risk for inadequate
oxygenation. What should the nurse consider when planning for this client's potential health
problem?
A) Cluster activities.
B) Instruct on deep breathing.
C) Medications appropriate to increase heart rate
D) Positioning to increase blood return - Answers B) Instruct on deep breathing.
The client is at risk for inadequate oxygenation.
The nurse should consider teaching the client the importance of deep breathing to increase the
amount of oxygen in the body tissues. Clustering activities would negatively impact oxygenation.
Periods of rest should occur between activities. The client with oxygenation issues will have
tachycardia. The nurse should consider medications that would reduce instead of increase the
heart rate. The client should be in the high-Fowler position to improve oxygenation. Positions to
increase blood flow to the heart would include Trendelenburg, which would negatively impact
oxygenation.
3) An older client is diagnosed with cardiomyopathy and a cardiac dysrhythmia. What would the
,nurse expect to be indicated for this client?
A) Beta blocker
B) Digoxin
C) Nitrate medications
D) Fluids - Answers A) Beta blocker
Treatment for cardiomyopathy includes calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, and
antiarrhythmics. Nitrates should be avoided because they increase blood pressure. Digoxin
should be avoided because it increases the force of contractions. The client should be on a
sodium and fluid restriction and not be encouraged to drink fluids.
A client is admitted with complaints of lower extremity edema and occasional shortness of
breath. Which electrocardiogram finding supports that the client is at risk for an alteration in
perfusion?
A) P wave smooth and round
B) Absent U wave
C) PR interval 0.30 seconds
D) ST segment isoelectric - Answers C) PR interval 0.30 seconds
The PR interval is normally 0.12-0.20 seconds. Intervals greater than 0.20 seconds indicate a
delay in conduction from the SA node to the ventricles. A P wave should be smooth and round.
The ST segment should be isoelectric. The U wave is not normally seen.
The nurse is instructing a client on lifestyle changes to prevent the onset of heart disease. What
should be included in this teaching?
Select all that apply.
A) Limit exercise to 15 minutes a day.
B) Reduce saturated fats in the diet.
C) Avoid cigarette smoking.
, D) Wear elastic hose.
E) Limit fluid intake. - Answers B) Reduce saturated fats in the diet.
C) Avoid cigarette smoking.
Interventions that would help the client prevent the onset of cardiovascular disease would be to
avoid cigarette smoking and reduce saturated fats in the diet. Limiting fluids and wearing elastic
hose are not known to prevent the onset of cardiovascular disease. Fifteen minutes of exercise
a day may not be enough exercise to prevent the onset of cardiovascular disease.
6) An elderly female client complains of fatigue, nausea, intermittent chest discomfort, and not
sleeping well. What should the nurse suspect this client is experiencing?
A) Pancreatic disease
B) Cardiac disease
C) Normal changes of aging
D) Signs of anemia - Answers B) Cardiac disease
B) Many elderly women complain of vague symptoms when having a myocardial infarction
including fatigue, epigastric pain, and sleep disturbances. Pancreatic disease would present
pain in the abdominal region. These symptoms are not considered normal changes of aging.
Anemia would present with fatigue but not with nausea or chest discomfort.
7) A client is prescribed metoprolol for a heart disorder. What should the nurse teach the client
about this medication?
A) Expect a rapid heart rate.
B) Change positions slowly.
C) Reduce protein intake.
D) Increase fluids. - Answers B) Change positions slowly.
Metoprolol is a beta blocker. The client should be instructed to use care when ambulating and
to change positions slowly since this medication causes orthostatic hypotension. This
1) What will the nurse most likely assess in a client with right heart failure?
A) Leg cramps
B) Indigestion
C) Reduced circulation to the pulmonary structures
D) Reduced urine output - Answers C) Reduced circulation to the pulmonary structures
Circulation to the pulmonary structures begins with the right side of the heart. The client with
right heart failure will have reduced circulation to these structures. There is no evidence to
suggest that right heart failure will cause indigestion or reduced urine output. Not all clients with
right heart failure experience leg cramps.
The nurse is concerned that a client with an alteration in perfusion is at risk for inadequate
oxygenation. What should the nurse consider when planning for this client's potential health
problem?
A) Cluster activities.
B) Instruct on deep breathing.
C) Medications appropriate to increase heart rate
D) Positioning to increase blood return - Answers B) Instruct on deep breathing.
The client is at risk for inadequate oxygenation.
The nurse should consider teaching the client the importance of deep breathing to increase the
amount of oxygen in the body tissues. Clustering activities would negatively impact oxygenation.
Periods of rest should occur between activities. The client with oxygenation issues will have
tachycardia. The nurse should consider medications that would reduce instead of increase the
heart rate. The client should be in the high-Fowler position to improve oxygenation. Positions to
increase blood flow to the heart would include Trendelenburg, which would negatively impact
oxygenation.
3) An older client is diagnosed with cardiomyopathy and a cardiac dysrhythmia. What would the
,nurse expect to be indicated for this client?
A) Beta blocker
B) Digoxin
C) Nitrate medications
D) Fluids - Answers A) Beta blocker
Treatment for cardiomyopathy includes calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, and
antiarrhythmics. Nitrates should be avoided because they increase blood pressure. Digoxin
should be avoided because it increases the force of contractions. The client should be on a
sodium and fluid restriction and not be encouraged to drink fluids.
A client is admitted with complaints of lower extremity edema and occasional shortness of
breath. Which electrocardiogram finding supports that the client is at risk for an alteration in
perfusion?
A) P wave smooth and round
B) Absent U wave
C) PR interval 0.30 seconds
D) ST segment isoelectric - Answers C) PR interval 0.30 seconds
The PR interval is normally 0.12-0.20 seconds. Intervals greater than 0.20 seconds indicate a
delay in conduction from the SA node to the ventricles. A P wave should be smooth and round.
The ST segment should be isoelectric. The U wave is not normally seen.
The nurse is instructing a client on lifestyle changes to prevent the onset of heart disease. What
should be included in this teaching?
Select all that apply.
A) Limit exercise to 15 minutes a day.
B) Reduce saturated fats in the diet.
C) Avoid cigarette smoking.
, D) Wear elastic hose.
E) Limit fluid intake. - Answers B) Reduce saturated fats in the diet.
C) Avoid cigarette smoking.
Interventions that would help the client prevent the onset of cardiovascular disease would be to
avoid cigarette smoking and reduce saturated fats in the diet. Limiting fluids and wearing elastic
hose are not known to prevent the onset of cardiovascular disease. Fifteen minutes of exercise
a day may not be enough exercise to prevent the onset of cardiovascular disease.
6) An elderly female client complains of fatigue, nausea, intermittent chest discomfort, and not
sleeping well. What should the nurse suspect this client is experiencing?
A) Pancreatic disease
B) Cardiac disease
C) Normal changes of aging
D) Signs of anemia - Answers B) Cardiac disease
B) Many elderly women complain of vague symptoms when having a myocardial infarction
including fatigue, epigastric pain, and sleep disturbances. Pancreatic disease would present
pain in the abdominal region. These symptoms are not considered normal changes of aging.
Anemia would present with fatigue but not with nausea or chest discomfort.
7) A client is prescribed metoprolol for a heart disorder. What should the nurse teach the client
about this medication?
A) Expect a rapid heart rate.
B) Change positions slowly.
C) Reduce protein intake.
D) Increase fluids. - Answers B) Change positions slowly.
Metoprolol is a beta blocker. The client should be instructed to use care when ambulating and
to change positions slowly since this medication causes orthostatic hypotension. This
