A&P module 3 case study - 20 questions and explained answers (scored 100%)

A&P Module 03 Case Study • Question 1 1 out of 1 points Alyssa is a 74-year-old female patient who presents to her primary care provider for a routine physical. She states that she feels “quite healthy” and has no complaints other than mild back pain. She has a family history of various cancers, diabetes, and osteoporosis, so she knows that it is important to stay active and keep up with screenings and annual physical exams. Alyssa’s provider finds that she has lost 10 pounds since last year’s exam. She is almost a full inch shorter, as well. Alyssa’s provider suspects that she may have osteoporosis. Which other two factors would support that other diagnosis? Selected Answer: A history of smoking and being post-menopausal • Question 2 Needs Grading Explain, in your own words, how Alyssa’s loss of height could be related to her possible osteoporosis diagnosis. Selected Answer: A loss in height could be related to her possibly having osteoporosis because in Osteoporosis it is typical to have a loss of bone in the vertebrae and therefore when this occurs it would show up physically as the person being shorter or their height being less than previously noted. • Question 3 1 out of 1 points Alyssa’s provider orders a DEXA scan. Which of the following T-score outcomes would indicate a diagnosis of osteoporosis? Selected Answer: -2.6 • Question 4 Needs Grading Why might Alyssa’s provider ask her about her diet? Provide two reasons and explain how they are related to osteoporosis. Selected Answer: Diet is an imperative part of Osteoporosis because if she has not been getting a enough of certain elements in her diet than it could effect her bone health but also getting too much of certain things within the diet could as well impact bone health. For example, if she has not been getting 1,000mg-1,200mg a day of calcium then she could be calcium deficient. Calcium deficiency could be detrimental to her bone health because low calcium calcium intake could cause low bone density, early bone loss and increase her risk of having fractures. Secondly, if her diet was high in caffeine for example. Too much caffeine can cause calcium loss via urination and without substantial calcium to support bone health her bones could become brittle. • Question 5 Needs Grading Explain how the body controls calcium levels in the bones and blood. Be sure to describe the roles of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin in detail. Selected Answer: The body controls calcium levels in the bones and blood by using a process called calcium homeostasis. In this process, the body regulates how much calcium is in the blood stream and adjusts it to keep it within a normal range or 10mg/dL. If the calcium levels in the blood are too high the thyroid gland will secrete calcitonin and this causes osteoclast activity to be ceased which then causes calcium absorption within the kidneys to decrease thus the level of calcium in blood decreases. If the calcium level in the blood is too low, then the Parathyroid gland secretes Parathyroid hormone or PTH which then causes Osteoclasts to release calcium from the bones, the kidneys will reabsorb calcium from the urine and calcium absorption will be increased in the small intestines by Vitamind D synthesis thus causing calcium levels within the blood to elevate. • Question 6 1 out of 1 points Alyssa has been prescribed several medications over the past two decades for various reasons. Which of the following may have had an impact on developing osteoporosis? Selected Answer: Steroid medication