Chapter 2 study guide (complete)
1. Be able to describe the structure of an atom
Elements (Atoms) are the building blocks of matter
2. Be able to define the atomic number, the mass number of an element
The atomic number (number of protons) gives the an Element (atom) its
identity. The mass number is the amount of protons and electrons added up.
3. Be able to describe which number determines the nature of an element
The atomic number 0
4. Be able to name the four elements that are most abundant in living
organisms
96% by mass, of living organisms is made up of just four elements (red)
,5. The number of which subatomic particle in an atom determines its ability to react
Chemically
Electrons determine the chemical properties of an element and govern the
ability to react with other atoms to form molecules
6. Be able to describe the formation of a covalent bond
Sharing of electrons to complete valence shell COVALENT BONDS
7. Be able to describe the formation of an ionic bond
Transfer of electrons to form oppositely charged ions that are attracted
IONIC BONDS
, 8. Be able to identify the four most abundant elements, followed by the next set of
abundant elements. Be able to define trace elements and identify the very
common ones.
Red: most common elements found in life
Blue: next subset of abundant elements in life
Green: Trace elements (essential although present in trace amounts)
Yellow: Uncertain whether needed/present in life
9. Be able to state/identify if correct the number of covalent bonds (bonding
capacity) formed by each of the following atoms (C,H,O, N).
Oxygen:2 covalent bonds
Nitrogen: 3 covalent bonds
Carbon: 4 covalent bonds
Hydrogen: 1 covalent bond
10. Which bond is more flexible (rotational), single bond or a double bond? Be able
to connect it to the flexibility/shape of hydrocarbon tail in unsaturated vs
saturated fatty acid
single bonds (saturated) are more flexible because the atoms are able to
rotate freely with respect to one another. Double bonds (unsaturated)are too
rigid and will not allow its atoms to rotate freely.
1. Be able to describe the structure of an atom
Elements (Atoms) are the building blocks of matter
2. Be able to define the atomic number, the mass number of an element
The atomic number (number of protons) gives the an Element (atom) its
identity. The mass number is the amount of protons and electrons added up.
3. Be able to describe which number determines the nature of an element
The atomic number 0
4. Be able to name the four elements that are most abundant in living
organisms
96% by mass, of living organisms is made up of just four elements (red)
,5. The number of which subatomic particle in an atom determines its ability to react
Chemically
Electrons determine the chemical properties of an element and govern the
ability to react with other atoms to form molecules
6. Be able to describe the formation of a covalent bond
Sharing of electrons to complete valence shell COVALENT BONDS
7. Be able to describe the formation of an ionic bond
Transfer of electrons to form oppositely charged ions that are attracted
IONIC BONDS
, 8. Be able to identify the four most abundant elements, followed by the next set of
abundant elements. Be able to define trace elements and identify the very
common ones.
Red: most common elements found in life
Blue: next subset of abundant elements in life
Green: Trace elements (essential although present in trace amounts)
Yellow: Uncertain whether needed/present in life
9. Be able to state/identify if correct the number of covalent bonds (bonding
capacity) formed by each of the following atoms (C,H,O, N).
Oxygen:2 covalent bonds
Nitrogen: 3 covalent bonds
Carbon: 4 covalent bonds
Hydrogen: 1 covalent bond
10. Which bond is more flexible (rotational), single bond or a double bond? Be able
to connect it to the flexibility/shape of hydrocarbon tail in unsaturated vs
saturated fatty acid
single bonds (saturated) are more flexible because the atoms are able to
rotate freely with respect to one another. Double bonds (unsaturated)are too
rigid and will not allow its atoms to rotate freely.
