NSC 330 Pharmacology EKU PHARM EXAM #1
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Absorption Correct Answers The movement of the drug from
the site of administration into the bloodstream.
ACE Inhibitors Correct Answers Prevent the conversion of
angiotensin I to angiotensin II; used as first-line
antihypertensives if the patient has comorbidities; prototype
drug: captopril
Additive Effect Correct Answers Occurs when two or more
"like" drugs (in terms of therapeutic effect) are combined, and
the result is the sum of the drugs' effects. May be intentional or
may unintentionally cause harm.
Adenosine Correct Answers Depresses conduction at the AV
node, very short half life (<10 sec), must be given rapid bolus
(1-2 sec). Causes them to flatline and then their heart starts
beating again in NSR.
Adrenergic Agonists Correct Answers These drugs mimic the
action of the sympathetic nervous system, 2 groups:
catecholamines and non-catecholamines. Catecholamines are
short acting, can only be given IV, and do not cross the blood
brain barrier.
Adverse Effect Correct Answers Usually an undesired effect
other than the intended therapeutic effect. It may result from too
much of a therapeutic effect or from other pharmacodynamic
effects of the drug.
,Agonist Correct Answers When drug molecules attach to a
receptor, they can stimulate the cell to act.
Alcohol Correct Answers CNS Depressant. Acute- progresses
from feeling of euphoria and relaxation to impaired mental and
motor functions. Leads to dependence and withdrawals occur
within 6-96 hours.
Aldosterone Blockers Correct Answers When added to either
ACE inhibitor therapy or ARB therapy, provide added benefit.
Prototype drug: epelernone
Alpha-1 Adrenergic-Agonists Correct Answers Drugs that
stimulate the alpa-1 receptor directly. Prototype drug:
phenylephrine.
Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists Correct Answers Stimulation of
these receptors in the CNS decreases sympathetic outflow by
inhibiting the release of norepinephrine. Prototype: clonidine
Alpha-adrenergic Antagonist Correct Answers Blocks the
stimulation of alpha receptors. Blocks human prostatic smooth
muscle contraction and vascular smooth muscle contraction.
Prototype: prazosin.
Amiodarone Correct Answers Class 3 antiarrhythmic drug.
Used for recurrent V-Fib and A-Fib. Can be given PO or IV.
Slows conduction, increases refractory period, some
vasodilating effects. Contraindications: marked bradycardia.
A/E- fatal, pulmonary toxicity, arrhythmias, thyroid, liver
, disease, optic neuritis, CNS, photosensitivity, can cause skin to
be bluish-gray, 1/2 life is 53 days, takes 1 year to get to steady
state. Give w/ food, continuous cardiac monitor, infusion pump.
Amlodipine (Norvasc) Correct Answers Non-antiarrhythmic
calcium channel blocker. Vasodilation, does not affect HR. A/E:
constipation, peripheral edema, lowers BP, effects peristalsis.
Amphetamines Correct Answers CNS Stimulant. Includes:
Methylphendriate (Ritalin) and Methamphetamine (Meth,
Speed, Chalk, Ice, etc.) Increases wakefulness & physical
activity, rapid HR, irregular heartbeats, increased BP and body
temp. Long term use=mood changes, violence, anxiety,
insomnia, dental problems.
Amyl Nitrate Correct Answers Used to treat angina; capsule is
to be crushed and releasing vapors are inhaled--need 2-6
inhalations, decrease afterload; antidote to cyanide poisoning.
Anabolic Steroids Correct Answers Designer drug. Promote
body tissue building process. Illegally used for sports and body
building. Prevent tissue depleting process. Legally given to HIV
and cancer patients for weight gain. Can cause sterility, growth
problems/stunting in kids, changes in personality.
Antagonist Correct Answers When drug molecules prevent
something else from attaching and causing an effect. Also called
blockers.
Antagonistic Drug Interaction Correct Answers The opposite of
a synergistic effect, it results in a therapeutic effect that is less
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Absorption Correct Answers The movement of the drug from
the site of administration into the bloodstream.
ACE Inhibitors Correct Answers Prevent the conversion of
angiotensin I to angiotensin II; used as first-line
antihypertensives if the patient has comorbidities; prototype
drug: captopril
Additive Effect Correct Answers Occurs when two or more
"like" drugs (in terms of therapeutic effect) are combined, and
the result is the sum of the drugs' effects. May be intentional or
may unintentionally cause harm.
Adenosine Correct Answers Depresses conduction at the AV
node, very short half life (<10 sec), must be given rapid bolus
(1-2 sec). Causes them to flatline and then their heart starts
beating again in NSR.
Adrenergic Agonists Correct Answers These drugs mimic the
action of the sympathetic nervous system, 2 groups:
catecholamines and non-catecholamines. Catecholamines are
short acting, can only be given IV, and do not cross the blood
brain barrier.
Adverse Effect Correct Answers Usually an undesired effect
other than the intended therapeutic effect. It may result from too
much of a therapeutic effect or from other pharmacodynamic
effects of the drug.
,Agonist Correct Answers When drug molecules attach to a
receptor, they can stimulate the cell to act.
Alcohol Correct Answers CNS Depressant. Acute- progresses
from feeling of euphoria and relaxation to impaired mental and
motor functions. Leads to dependence and withdrawals occur
within 6-96 hours.
Aldosterone Blockers Correct Answers When added to either
ACE inhibitor therapy or ARB therapy, provide added benefit.
Prototype drug: epelernone
Alpha-1 Adrenergic-Agonists Correct Answers Drugs that
stimulate the alpa-1 receptor directly. Prototype drug:
phenylephrine.
Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists Correct Answers Stimulation of
these receptors in the CNS decreases sympathetic outflow by
inhibiting the release of norepinephrine. Prototype: clonidine
Alpha-adrenergic Antagonist Correct Answers Blocks the
stimulation of alpha receptors. Blocks human prostatic smooth
muscle contraction and vascular smooth muscle contraction.
Prototype: prazosin.
Amiodarone Correct Answers Class 3 antiarrhythmic drug.
Used for recurrent V-Fib and A-Fib. Can be given PO or IV.
Slows conduction, increases refractory period, some
vasodilating effects. Contraindications: marked bradycardia.
A/E- fatal, pulmonary toxicity, arrhythmias, thyroid, liver
, disease, optic neuritis, CNS, photosensitivity, can cause skin to
be bluish-gray, 1/2 life is 53 days, takes 1 year to get to steady
state. Give w/ food, continuous cardiac monitor, infusion pump.
Amlodipine (Norvasc) Correct Answers Non-antiarrhythmic
calcium channel blocker. Vasodilation, does not affect HR. A/E:
constipation, peripheral edema, lowers BP, effects peristalsis.
Amphetamines Correct Answers CNS Stimulant. Includes:
Methylphendriate (Ritalin) and Methamphetamine (Meth,
Speed, Chalk, Ice, etc.) Increases wakefulness & physical
activity, rapid HR, irregular heartbeats, increased BP and body
temp. Long term use=mood changes, violence, anxiety,
insomnia, dental problems.
Amyl Nitrate Correct Answers Used to treat angina; capsule is
to be crushed and releasing vapors are inhaled--need 2-6
inhalations, decrease afterload; antidote to cyanide poisoning.
Anabolic Steroids Correct Answers Designer drug. Promote
body tissue building process. Illegally used for sports and body
building. Prevent tissue depleting process. Legally given to HIV
and cancer patients for weight gain. Can cause sterility, growth
problems/stunting in kids, changes in personality.
Antagonist Correct Answers When drug molecules prevent
something else from attaching and causing an effect. Also called
blockers.
Antagonistic Drug Interaction Correct Answers The opposite of
a synergistic effect, it results in a therapeutic effect that is less
