A teacher observes that some students tend to talk to themselves softly during
individual problem-solving activities. The teacher should be aware that this type
of self-talk:
A. suggests that a student is feeling a high level of anxiety about the learning task.
B. helps to guide the student's thinking about the learning task.
C. plays a key role in developing a student's self-esteem.
D. indicates that a student may have an undiagnosed learning disability. Correct
Answer: helps to guide the student's thinking about the learning task.
Which of the following actions will most likely promote students' ability to
regulate their own learning?
A. Students are required to complete a log to record each book they read for
recreation during a grading period.
B. A teacher works individually with students to identify a weekly goal targeted to
the students' specific academic needs.
C. A teacher uses the results of regularly administered interest inventories to
select reading materials for the classroom library.
D. Students are encouraged, but not required, to access free online tutorials after
school to study for assessments. Correct Answer: A teacher works individually
with students to identify a weekly goal targeted to the students' specific academic
needs.
Which of the following situations most clearly illustrates how a student's
development in one domain (e.g., cognitive, linguistic, physical, social, emotional)
can affect development and/or performance in another domain?
,A. A student with severe physical disabilities exhibits strong verbal and conceptual
skills in her academic work.
B. A student who is a talented athlete struggles academically in the core academic
content areas.
C. A student with low self-esteem refuses to attempt new or challenging learning
tasks because he is sure he will fail.
D. A student who is bilingual shows similar skills and confidence in both languages
in which he is proficient. Correct Answer: A student with low self-esteem refuses
to attempt new or challenging learning tasks because he is sure he will fail.
A seventh-grade science teacher assigns students to write a two-paragraph essay
arguing both for and against the use of animals in biomedical research. Which of
the following is likely to be the most important benefit of this assignment to
students?
A. providing practice in distinguishing and categorizing theoretical ideas
B. developing an awareness of their personal thinking patterns and processes
C. helping recognize the relevance of learning to their lives outside of school
D. promoting the ability to recognize and understand alternative perspectives
Correct Answer: promoting the ability to recognize and understand alternative
perspectives
A ninth-grade teacher is aware that students at this age differ widely in their level
of cognitive development. Which of the following approaches would best address
this?
A. presenting lessons that introduce abstract concepts with related hands-on
student activities
B. reviewing concepts and skills mastered in earlier lessons at the beginning of
each new unit
C. emphasizing the use of performance-based assessments to evaluate students'
understanding
,D. aligning the sequence of concepts and skills taught in class with the curriculum
sequence Correct Answer: presenting lessons that introduce abstract concepts
with related hands-on student activities
A middle school will begin offering exploratory classes as part of the curriculum.
Students will be able to choose two exploratory classes to attend once a week
during each semester. Exploratory classes will address topics such as engineering,
programming and coding, horticulture, chess, dance, and chorus. This change in
the curriculum is especially appropriate for middle school students because it:
A. allows students to identify their particular abilities and interests and use
different kinds of thinking skills.
B. helps relieve pressure placed on students by themselves and others to conform
to peer group norms.
C. provides students with learning experiences that support their individual
academic needs.
D. helps prepare students for the subject-oriented curriculum found in high
schools and colleges. Correct Answer: allows students to identify their particular
abilities and interests and use different kinds of thinking skills.
Which of the following statements best describes Piaget's ideas about the role of
disequilibrium in cognitive development?
A. Cognitive growth results when an individual realizes that his or her current
ways of thinking are not effective in solving a problem.
B. Cognitive development progresses most rapidly when development in other
domains is in a state of relative balance.
C. Cognitive growth increases when an individual recognizes that a newly learned
concept or skill can be generalized to other contexts.
D. Cognitive development is enhanced by frequent exposure to stimulating
environments that contain elements of dissonance. Correct Answer: Cognitive
growth results when an individual realizes that his or her current ways of thinking
are not effective in solving a problem.
, Students in a high school English class are studying a novel in which a major
theme is "freedom vs. security." The teacher poses the question, "Should
students be allowed to leave school property during lunch?" The teacher then
divides students into two groups and assigns each group a position on the issue.
Each group must develop five points to support its assigned position and then
present the group's points to the class. This activity most clearly demonstrates the
teacher's understanding of how to:
A. enhance the development of students' collaborative skills.
B. design learning experiences that are relevant to students' lives
C. facilitate students' application of content-area concepts.
D. promote learning for students with diverse characteristics and needs. Correct
Answer: design learning experiences that are relevant to students' lives
Which of the following situations best illustrates the use of metacognitive skills to
facilitate learning?
A. A student uses teacher feedback on the first draft of book reports and other
written work to improve the quality of the final version.
B. A student who has strong interpersonal skills and enjoys working with peers
often chooses to engage in collaborative activities.
C. A student who has difficulty in math often seeks assistance from higher-
achieving classmates to complete challenging math assignments.
D. A student considers which of several reading strategies is most appropriate to
use for each assigned reading task. Correct Answer: A student considers which of
several reading strategies is most appropriate to use for each assigned reading
task.
A teacher is planning a long-term project that will require each student to
research and report on a topic related to an upcoming unit of study. The teacher
would like to use the project to develop students' organizational and time-
management skills. Which of the following strategies would be most appropriate
to teach the students how to achieve this goal?
individual problem-solving activities. The teacher should be aware that this type
of self-talk:
A. suggests that a student is feeling a high level of anxiety about the learning task.
B. helps to guide the student's thinking about the learning task.
C. plays a key role in developing a student's self-esteem.
D. indicates that a student may have an undiagnosed learning disability. Correct
Answer: helps to guide the student's thinking about the learning task.
Which of the following actions will most likely promote students' ability to
regulate their own learning?
A. Students are required to complete a log to record each book they read for
recreation during a grading period.
B. A teacher works individually with students to identify a weekly goal targeted to
the students' specific academic needs.
C. A teacher uses the results of regularly administered interest inventories to
select reading materials for the classroom library.
D. Students are encouraged, but not required, to access free online tutorials after
school to study for assessments. Correct Answer: A teacher works individually
with students to identify a weekly goal targeted to the students' specific academic
needs.
Which of the following situations most clearly illustrates how a student's
development in one domain (e.g., cognitive, linguistic, physical, social, emotional)
can affect development and/or performance in another domain?
,A. A student with severe physical disabilities exhibits strong verbal and conceptual
skills in her academic work.
B. A student who is a talented athlete struggles academically in the core academic
content areas.
C. A student with low self-esteem refuses to attempt new or challenging learning
tasks because he is sure he will fail.
D. A student who is bilingual shows similar skills and confidence in both languages
in which he is proficient. Correct Answer: A student with low self-esteem refuses
to attempt new or challenging learning tasks because he is sure he will fail.
A seventh-grade science teacher assigns students to write a two-paragraph essay
arguing both for and against the use of animals in biomedical research. Which of
the following is likely to be the most important benefit of this assignment to
students?
A. providing practice in distinguishing and categorizing theoretical ideas
B. developing an awareness of their personal thinking patterns and processes
C. helping recognize the relevance of learning to their lives outside of school
D. promoting the ability to recognize and understand alternative perspectives
Correct Answer: promoting the ability to recognize and understand alternative
perspectives
A ninth-grade teacher is aware that students at this age differ widely in their level
of cognitive development. Which of the following approaches would best address
this?
A. presenting lessons that introduce abstract concepts with related hands-on
student activities
B. reviewing concepts and skills mastered in earlier lessons at the beginning of
each new unit
C. emphasizing the use of performance-based assessments to evaluate students'
understanding
,D. aligning the sequence of concepts and skills taught in class with the curriculum
sequence Correct Answer: presenting lessons that introduce abstract concepts
with related hands-on student activities
A middle school will begin offering exploratory classes as part of the curriculum.
Students will be able to choose two exploratory classes to attend once a week
during each semester. Exploratory classes will address topics such as engineering,
programming and coding, horticulture, chess, dance, and chorus. This change in
the curriculum is especially appropriate for middle school students because it:
A. allows students to identify their particular abilities and interests and use
different kinds of thinking skills.
B. helps relieve pressure placed on students by themselves and others to conform
to peer group norms.
C. provides students with learning experiences that support their individual
academic needs.
D. helps prepare students for the subject-oriented curriculum found in high
schools and colleges. Correct Answer: allows students to identify their particular
abilities and interests and use different kinds of thinking skills.
Which of the following statements best describes Piaget's ideas about the role of
disequilibrium in cognitive development?
A. Cognitive growth results when an individual realizes that his or her current
ways of thinking are not effective in solving a problem.
B. Cognitive development progresses most rapidly when development in other
domains is in a state of relative balance.
C. Cognitive growth increases when an individual recognizes that a newly learned
concept or skill can be generalized to other contexts.
D. Cognitive development is enhanced by frequent exposure to stimulating
environments that contain elements of dissonance. Correct Answer: Cognitive
growth results when an individual realizes that his or her current ways of thinking
are not effective in solving a problem.
, Students in a high school English class are studying a novel in which a major
theme is "freedom vs. security." The teacher poses the question, "Should
students be allowed to leave school property during lunch?" The teacher then
divides students into two groups and assigns each group a position on the issue.
Each group must develop five points to support its assigned position and then
present the group's points to the class. This activity most clearly demonstrates the
teacher's understanding of how to:
A. enhance the development of students' collaborative skills.
B. design learning experiences that are relevant to students' lives
C. facilitate students' application of content-area concepts.
D. promote learning for students with diverse characteristics and needs. Correct
Answer: design learning experiences that are relevant to students' lives
Which of the following situations best illustrates the use of metacognitive skills to
facilitate learning?
A. A student uses teacher feedback on the first draft of book reports and other
written work to improve the quality of the final version.
B. A student who has strong interpersonal skills and enjoys working with peers
often chooses to engage in collaborative activities.
C. A student who has difficulty in math often seeks assistance from higher-
achieving classmates to complete challenging math assignments.
D. A student considers which of several reading strategies is most appropriate to
use for each assigned reading task. Correct Answer: A student considers which of
several reading strategies is most appropriate to use for each assigned reading
task.
A teacher is planning a long-term project that will require each student to
research and report on a topic related to an upcoming unit of study. The teacher
would like to use the project to develop students' organizational and time-
management skills. Which of the following strategies would be most appropriate
to teach the students how to achieve this goal?
