Page 1 of 191
Exam 2: NSG123 / NSG 123 (Latest 2025 Updates
STUDY BUNDLE WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS) Medical-
Surgical Nursing I | Questions and Verified Answers |
100% Correct | Grade A - Herzing
· Thermoregulation .....ANSWER.....o Process of maintaining the
balance between heat loss and heat production in order to
maintain its core internal temp
· Neutral thermal environment .....ANSWER.....o Environment in
which body temperature is maintained without an increase in
metabolic rate or oxygen use
o Promotes growth and energy and conserves energy for basic
bodily functions
· Neutral thermal environment when in place .....ANSWER.....§ O2
consumption and metabolism are both minimized and internal
body temp is maintained b/c thermo balance
,Page 2 of 191
· Non-shivering thermogenesis .....ANSWER.....o Brown fat is
oxidized in response to cold exposure
§ Covert chemical energy directly into heat
- produced in 3rd trimester
o Found only in new born 3-5 weeks after full term birth
About 6% body weight
• Non-shivering thermogenesis activated by SNS .....ANSWER.....§
Experience cold -> hypothalamus is signaled -> releases
Norepinephrine -> brown fat is stimulated by breaking down
triglycerides-> Co increases -> increased blood circulation
through brown fat areas due to increased vasoconstriction and
increased metabolic activity
o Newborns are predisposed to heat loss due to .....ANSWER.....§
Thin epidermis
· Blood vessels close to surface
,Page 3 of 191
§ Lack of shivering ability
§ Limited stores of metabolic substrates
§ Limited use of voluntary muscle activity or movement
§ Large BSA relative to body weight
§ Can't change position/communicate
o Conduction .....ANSWER.....§ Heat transfer from one object to
another through touch
o Convection .....ANSWER.....§ Flow of heat from body to cooler
the area from cooler breezes
o Evaporations .....ANSWER.....§ Loss of heat when liquid turns
into a vapor
o Radiation .....ANSWER.....o
§ Loss of body heat due to a cooler area in prox. But not
touching
, Page 4 of 191
· Cold stress .....ANSWER.....o Excessive heat loss that requires a
newborn to use compensatory mechanisms to maintain core body
temp
o Most at risk
§ First 12 hours of life
cold stress can lead to .....ANSWER.....§ Depleted brown fat
stores
§ Increased O2 demands
§ Respiratory distress, hypoglycemia, hypoxia
§ Jaundice, decreased surfactant production
newborn overheating .....ANSWER.....o Due to
§ Limited insulation
§ Limited ability to sweat
o Thermoregulation via negative feedback
Exam 2: NSG123 / NSG 123 (Latest 2025 Updates
STUDY BUNDLE WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS) Medical-
Surgical Nursing I | Questions and Verified Answers |
100% Correct | Grade A - Herzing
· Thermoregulation .....ANSWER.....o Process of maintaining the
balance between heat loss and heat production in order to
maintain its core internal temp
· Neutral thermal environment .....ANSWER.....o Environment in
which body temperature is maintained without an increase in
metabolic rate or oxygen use
o Promotes growth and energy and conserves energy for basic
bodily functions
· Neutral thermal environment when in place .....ANSWER.....§ O2
consumption and metabolism are both minimized and internal
body temp is maintained b/c thermo balance
,Page 2 of 191
· Non-shivering thermogenesis .....ANSWER.....o Brown fat is
oxidized in response to cold exposure
§ Covert chemical energy directly into heat
- produced in 3rd trimester
o Found only in new born 3-5 weeks after full term birth
About 6% body weight
• Non-shivering thermogenesis activated by SNS .....ANSWER.....§
Experience cold -> hypothalamus is signaled -> releases
Norepinephrine -> brown fat is stimulated by breaking down
triglycerides-> Co increases -> increased blood circulation
through brown fat areas due to increased vasoconstriction and
increased metabolic activity
o Newborns are predisposed to heat loss due to .....ANSWER.....§
Thin epidermis
· Blood vessels close to surface
,Page 3 of 191
§ Lack of shivering ability
§ Limited stores of metabolic substrates
§ Limited use of voluntary muscle activity or movement
§ Large BSA relative to body weight
§ Can't change position/communicate
o Conduction .....ANSWER.....§ Heat transfer from one object to
another through touch
o Convection .....ANSWER.....§ Flow of heat from body to cooler
the area from cooler breezes
o Evaporations .....ANSWER.....§ Loss of heat when liquid turns
into a vapor
o Radiation .....ANSWER.....o
§ Loss of body heat due to a cooler area in prox. But not
touching
, Page 4 of 191
· Cold stress .....ANSWER.....o Excessive heat loss that requires a
newborn to use compensatory mechanisms to maintain core body
temp
o Most at risk
§ First 12 hours of life
cold stress can lead to .....ANSWER.....§ Depleted brown fat
stores
§ Increased O2 demands
§ Respiratory distress, hypoglycemia, hypoxia
§ Jaundice, decreased surfactant production
newborn overheating .....ANSWER.....o Due to
§ Limited insulation
§ Limited ability to sweat
o Thermoregulation via negative feedback
