PSYC 2000 Exam 4 Jennifer Knapp Questions
With Correct Answers
Prevalence
this |is |from |the |national |Institute |of |Mental |Health |website: |research |shows |that |mental |
illnesses |are |common |in |the |United |States, |affecting |tens |of |millions |of |people |each |year; |
estimates |suggest |that |only |half |of |people |with |mental |illness |receive |treatment
How |Mental |Illness |Was |Understood |& |Treated |In |Medieval |Times
for |much |of |history, |the |mentally |ill |have |been |treated |very |poorly |- |under |supernatural |view, |
main |focus |was |to |drive |out |spirits; |most |common |treatment |was |exorcism; |trephining; |
execution |or |imprisonment |of |people |with |psychological |disorders; |others |were |left |to |be |
homeless |beggars
How |Mental |Illness |Was |Understood |& |Treated |From |The |Late |1400s |To |The |Late |1600s
mentally |ill |were |thought |to |have |made |pacts |with |the |devil; |often |burned |as |witches
18th |Century |- |Asylums
first |institutions |created |for |housing |people |with |psychological |disorders, |but |focus |was |
ostracizing |them |from |society |rather |than |treating |their |disorders; |often |these |people |were |
kept |in |windowless |dungeons, |beaten, |chained |to |their |beds, |and |had |little |to |no |contact |with |
caregivers
Pinel's |Contribution |To |The |Treatment |Of |People |With |Mental |Illness
late |1700s; |argued |for |more |humane |treatment |of |the |mentally |ill; |suggested |they |be |
unchained |and |talked |to, |and |allowed |outside; |patients |benefited |from |this |more |human |
treatment, |many |able |to |leave |hospital
Dix's |Contribution |To |The |Treatment |Of |People |With |Mental |Illness
led |reform |efforts |for |mental |health |care |in |the |United |States; |investigated |how |those |who |are
|mentally |ill |and |poor |were |cared |for; |discovered |an |underfunded/unregulated |system |that |
perpetuated |abuse; |began |lobbying |state |legislatures/U.S. |Congress |for |change; |her |efforts |led
|to |creation |of |first |mental |asylums |in |U.S.
,Antipsychotic |Medications
started |in |1954 |and |gained |popularity |in |60s; |proved |helpful |in |controlling |symptoms |of |some |
psychological |disorders, |such |as |psychosis; |side |effects |can |be |overwhelming; |can |be |abused
Deinstitutionalized
1963, |Congress |passed |an |act |that |provided |federal |support/funding |for |community |mental |
health |centers; |closing |of |large |asylums, |by |providing |for |people |to |stay |in |their |communities |
and |be |treated |locally
How |Did |The |Deinstitutionalization |Movement |Affect |people |With |Mental |Illness |Becoming |
Homeless?
released |supposed |to |go |to |newly |created |centers, |but |system |not |set |up |effectively |- |
underfunded, |staff |not |trained |to |handle |severe |illnesses |such |as |schizophrenia, |high |staff |
burnout, |and |no |provision |for |other |services |people |needed |- |housing, |food, |and |job |training; |
often |ended |up |homeless |- |statistics |show |that |26% |of |homeless |adults |living |in |shelters |
experience |mental |illness
Involuntary |Treatment
therapy |is |not |individual's |choice
voluntary |Treatment
person |chooses |to |attend |therapy |to |obtain |relief |from |symptoms
Psychotherapy
various |methods |to |help |someone |overcome |personal |problems, |or |to |attain |personal |growth
Biomedical |Therapy
medication |and/or |medical |procedures |to |treat |psychological |disorders
Biomedical |Therapy
medication |and/or |medical |procedures |to |treat |psychological |disorders
Psychotherapy |Technique: |Psychoanalysis; |Three |Common |Approaches |& |Beliefs |Of |These |
Therapists
they |believe |abnormal |behaviors |arise |from |unconscious |conflicts |linked |to |childhood |trauma;
therapy |focuses |on |analyzing |avoided |thoughts, |wishes, |recurring |life |patterns, |past |events, |
and |the |therapeutic |relationship; |gaining |insight |into |unconscious |material |can |reveal |the |
causes |of |symptoms, |often |leading |to |their |resolution
,Free |Association
client |says |whatever |thoughts |come |to |mind, |no |matter |how |meaningless |or |nonsensical |they |
might |seem
Interpretation
analysts |use |free |associations |to |form |hypotheses |about |the |client's |issues |and |share |them; |
they |interpret |dreams, |emotions, |and |behaviors, |highlighting |repressed |ideas |or |wishes
Dream |Analysis
interpret |relation |of |dream |to |client's |waking |life |and |dream's |symbolics |significance
Resistance
as |clients |become |aware |of |unconscious, |feared |aspects |of |themselves, |they |often |resist |by |
avoiding |therapy |or |blocking |painful |memories, |which |can |hinder |progress
Transference
clients |project |intense, |unrealistic |feeling |and |expectations |from |their |past |onto |therapist
Working |Through
in |the |final |stage, |therapists |help |clients |process |issues, |address |conflicts |and |resistance, |and |
replace |old, |ineffective |coping |patterns |with |healthier |behaviors
Psychotherapy: |Play |Therapy
often |used |with |kids |since |they |are |not |likely |to |sit |on |a |couch |and |recall |their |dreams |or |
engage |in |traditional |talk |therapy; |kids |play |out |their |hopes, |fantasies, |and |traumas |while |
using |dolls, |stuffed |animals, |and |sandbox |figurines
Non-Directive |Play |Therapy
kids |are |encouraged |to |work |through |problems |by |playing |freely |while |therapist |observes
Directive |Play |Therapy
therapist |provides |more |structure/guidance |in |play |session |by |suggesting |topics, |asking |
questions, |and |even |playing |with |kid
Psychoanalysis: |Behavior |Therapy
therapy |employs |principles |of |learning |to |help |clients |change |undesirable |behaviors; |believe |
that |dysfunctional |behaviors, |like |phobias |are |bedwetting, |can |be |changed |by |teaching |clients |
new, |more |constructive |behaviors
, Psychoanalysis
therapists |help |their |patients |look |into |past |to |uncover |repressed |feelings
Counterconditioning
a |client |learns |a |new |response |to |a |stimulus |that |has |previously |elicited |an |undesirable |
behavior
Aversive |Conditioning
uses |an |unpleasant |stimulus |to |stop |an |undesirable |behavior; |therapists |apply |this |technique |
to |eliminate |addictive |behaviors, |such |as |smoking, |nail |biting, |and |drinking
Exposure |Therapy
therapist |seeks |to |treat |clients' |fears/anxiety |by |presenting |them |with |object |or |situation |that |
causes |their |problem, |with |idea |that |they |will |eventually |get |used |to |it
Systematic |Desensitization
a |calm |and |pleasant |state |is |gradually |associated |with |increasing |levels |of |anxiety-including |
stimuli; |if |you |can |learn |to |relax |when |you |are |facing |environmental |stimuli |that |make |you |
nervous |or |fearful, |you |can |eventually |eliminate |your |unwanted |fear |response
Virtual |Reality |Exposure |Therapy
using |a |simulation |to |help |conquer |fears; |has |been |used |effectively |to |treat |numerous |anxiety |
disorders |such |as |fear |of |public |speaking, |claustrophobia, |fear |of |flying, |and |PTSD
Token |Economy
individuals |are |reinforced |for |desirable |behaviors |with |tokens, |such |as |a |poker |chip, |that |can |
be |exchanged |for |items |or |privileges
Psychotherapy: |Cognitive |Therapy
focuses |on |how |thoughts |lead |to |distress; |how |you |think |determines |how |you |feel/act
How |Cognitive |Therapists |Help |People
help |clients |change |dysfunctional |thoughts |in |order |to |relive |distress; |help |client |see |how |they
|misinterpret |a |situation |(cognitive |distortion)
Psychotherapy: |Cognitive-Behavioral |Therapy
With Correct Answers
Prevalence
this |is |from |the |national |Institute |of |Mental |Health |website: |research |shows |that |mental |
illnesses |are |common |in |the |United |States, |affecting |tens |of |millions |of |people |each |year; |
estimates |suggest |that |only |half |of |people |with |mental |illness |receive |treatment
How |Mental |Illness |Was |Understood |& |Treated |In |Medieval |Times
for |much |of |history, |the |mentally |ill |have |been |treated |very |poorly |- |under |supernatural |view, |
main |focus |was |to |drive |out |spirits; |most |common |treatment |was |exorcism; |trephining; |
execution |or |imprisonment |of |people |with |psychological |disorders; |others |were |left |to |be |
homeless |beggars
How |Mental |Illness |Was |Understood |& |Treated |From |The |Late |1400s |To |The |Late |1600s
mentally |ill |were |thought |to |have |made |pacts |with |the |devil; |often |burned |as |witches
18th |Century |- |Asylums
first |institutions |created |for |housing |people |with |psychological |disorders, |but |focus |was |
ostracizing |them |from |society |rather |than |treating |their |disorders; |often |these |people |were |
kept |in |windowless |dungeons, |beaten, |chained |to |their |beds, |and |had |little |to |no |contact |with |
caregivers
Pinel's |Contribution |To |The |Treatment |Of |People |With |Mental |Illness
late |1700s; |argued |for |more |humane |treatment |of |the |mentally |ill; |suggested |they |be |
unchained |and |talked |to, |and |allowed |outside; |patients |benefited |from |this |more |human |
treatment, |many |able |to |leave |hospital
Dix's |Contribution |To |The |Treatment |Of |People |With |Mental |Illness
led |reform |efforts |for |mental |health |care |in |the |United |States; |investigated |how |those |who |are
|mentally |ill |and |poor |were |cared |for; |discovered |an |underfunded/unregulated |system |that |
perpetuated |abuse; |began |lobbying |state |legislatures/U.S. |Congress |for |change; |her |efforts |led
|to |creation |of |first |mental |asylums |in |U.S.
,Antipsychotic |Medications
started |in |1954 |and |gained |popularity |in |60s; |proved |helpful |in |controlling |symptoms |of |some |
psychological |disorders, |such |as |psychosis; |side |effects |can |be |overwhelming; |can |be |abused
Deinstitutionalized
1963, |Congress |passed |an |act |that |provided |federal |support/funding |for |community |mental |
health |centers; |closing |of |large |asylums, |by |providing |for |people |to |stay |in |their |communities |
and |be |treated |locally
How |Did |The |Deinstitutionalization |Movement |Affect |people |With |Mental |Illness |Becoming |
Homeless?
released |supposed |to |go |to |newly |created |centers, |but |system |not |set |up |effectively |- |
underfunded, |staff |not |trained |to |handle |severe |illnesses |such |as |schizophrenia, |high |staff |
burnout, |and |no |provision |for |other |services |people |needed |- |housing, |food, |and |job |training; |
often |ended |up |homeless |- |statistics |show |that |26% |of |homeless |adults |living |in |shelters |
experience |mental |illness
Involuntary |Treatment
therapy |is |not |individual's |choice
voluntary |Treatment
person |chooses |to |attend |therapy |to |obtain |relief |from |symptoms
Psychotherapy
various |methods |to |help |someone |overcome |personal |problems, |or |to |attain |personal |growth
Biomedical |Therapy
medication |and/or |medical |procedures |to |treat |psychological |disorders
Biomedical |Therapy
medication |and/or |medical |procedures |to |treat |psychological |disorders
Psychotherapy |Technique: |Psychoanalysis; |Three |Common |Approaches |& |Beliefs |Of |These |
Therapists
they |believe |abnormal |behaviors |arise |from |unconscious |conflicts |linked |to |childhood |trauma;
therapy |focuses |on |analyzing |avoided |thoughts, |wishes, |recurring |life |patterns, |past |events, |
and |the |therapeutic |relationship; |gaining |insight |into |unconscious |material |can |reveal |the |
causes |of |symptoms, |often |leading |to |their |resolution
,Free |Association
client |says |whatever |thoughts |come |to |mind, |no |matter |how |meaningless |or |nonsensical |they |
might |seem
Interpretation
analysts |use |free |associations |to |form |hypotheses |about |the |client's |issues |and |share |them; |
they |interpret |dreams, |emotions, |and |behaviors, |highlighting |repressed |ideas |or |wishes
Dream |Analysis
interpret |relation |of |dream |to |client's |waking |life |and |dream's |symbolics |significance
Resistance
as |clients |become |aware |of |unconscious, |feared |aspects |of |themselves, |they |often |resist |by |
avoiding |therapy |or |blocking |painful |memories, |which |can |hinder |progress
Transference
clients |project |intense, |unrealistic |feeling |and |expectations |from |their |past |onto |therapist
Working |Through
in |the |final |stage, |therapists |help |clients |process |issues, |address |conflicts |and |resistance, |and |
replace |old, |ineffective |coping |patterns |with |healthier |behaviors
Psychotherapy: |Play |Therapy
often |used |with |kids |since |they |are |not |likely |to |sit |on |a |couch |and |recall |their |dreams |or |
engage |in |traditional |talk |therapy; |kids |play |out |their |hopes, |fantasies, |and |traumas |while |
using |dolls, |stuffed |animals, |and |sandbox |figurines
Non-Directive |Play |Therapy
kids |are |encouraged |to |work |through |problems |by |playing |freely |while |therapist |observes
Directive |Play |Therapy
therapist |provides |more |structure/guidance |in |play |session |by |suggesting |topics, |asking |
questions, |and |even |playing |with |kid
Psychoanalysis: |Behavior |Therapy
therapy |employs |principles |of |learning |to |help |clients |change |undesirable |behaviors; |believe |
that |dysfunctional |behaviors, |like |phobias |are |bedwetting, |can |be |changed |by |teaching |clients |
new, |more |constructive |behaviors
, Psychoanalysis
therapists |help |their |patients |look |into |past |to |uncover |repressed |feelings
Counterconditioning
a |client |learns |a |new |response |to |a |stimulus |that |has |previously |elicited |an |undesirable |
behavior
Aversive |Conditioning
uses |an |unpleasant |stimulus |to |stop |an |undesirable |behavior; |therapists |apply |this |technique |
to |eliminate |addictive |behaviors, |such |as |smoking, |nail |biting, |and |drinking
Exposure |Therapy
therapist |seeks |to |treat |clients' |fears/anxiety |by |presenting |them |with |object |or |situation |that |
causes |their |problem, |with |idea |that |they |will |eventually |get |used |to |it
Systematic |Desensitization
a |calm |and |pleasant |state |is |gradually |associated |with |increasing |levels |of |anxiety-including |
stimuli; |if |you |can |learn |to |relax |when |you |are |facing |environmental |stimuli |that |make |you |
nervous |or |fearful, |you |can |eventually |eliminate |your |unwanted |fear |response
Virtual |Reality |Exposure |Therapy
using |a |simulation |to |help |conquer |fears; |has |been |used |effectively |to |treat |numerous |anxiety |
disorders |such |as |fear |of |public |speaking, |claustrophobia, |fear |of |flying, |and |PTSD
Token |Economy
individuals |are |reinforced |for |desirable |behaviors |with |tokens, |such |as |a |poker |chip, |that |can |
be |exchanged |for |items |or |privileges
Psychotherapy: |Cognitive |Therapy
focuses |on |how |thoughts |lead |to |distress; |how |you |think |determines |how |you |feel/act
How |Cognitive |Therapists |Help |People
help |clients |change |dysfunctional |thoughts |in |order |to |relive |distress; |help |client |see |how |they
|misinterpret |a |situation |(cognitive |distortion)
Psychotherapy: |Cognitive-Behavioral |Therapy
