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South-Western Federal Taxation 2025:
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Individual Income Taxes, 48th Edition
nm nm nm nm
by James Young Complete Chapters 1 - 20
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Page 1
,TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Chapter 1: An Introduction to Taxation and Understanding the Federal Tax Law
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Chapter 2: Working with the Tax Law
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Chapter 03: Tax Formula and Tax Determination
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Chapter 04: Gross Income: Concepts and Inclusions
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Chapter 05: Gross Income: Exclusions
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Chapter 06: Deductions and Losses: In General
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Chapter 07: Deductions and Losses: Certain Business Expenses
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Chapter 08: Depreciation, Cost Recovery, Amortization, and Depletion
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Chapter 09: Deductions: Employee and Self-Employed-Related Expense
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Chapter 10: Deductions and Losses: Certain Itemized Deductions
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Chapter 11: Investor Losses
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Chapter 12: Alternative Minimum Tax
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Chapter 13: Tax Credits and Payment Procedures
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Chapter 14: Property Transactions: Determination of Gain or Loss and
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Chapter 15: Property Transactions: Nontaxable Exchanges
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Chapter 16: Property Transactions: Capital Gains and Losses
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Chapter 17: Property Transactions: 1231 and Recapture Provisions
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Chapter 18: Accounting Periods and Methods
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Chapter 19: Deferred Compensation
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Chapter 20: Corporations and Partnerships
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Page 2
, Chapter 01 2025 Individuals
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Answers at the end of each chapter
nm nm nm nm nm nm
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
n m n m n m n m n m n m n m
nm n m 1. Sales made over the internet are not exempt from the application of a general sales (or use) tax.
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
a. True
b. False
nm n m 2. Upon audit by the IRS, Faith is assessed a deficiency of $40,000 of which $25,000 is attributable to negligence.
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
The 20% negligence penalty will apply to $25,000.
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
a. True
b. False
nm n m 3. Ultimately, most taxes are paid by individuals.
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
a. True
b. False
nm
4. Even if property tax rates are not changed, the amount of ad valorem taxes imposed on realty may not rema
n m nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
inthe same.
m
n nm
a. True
b. False
nm n m 5. The principal objective of the FUTA tax is to provide some measure of retirement security.
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
a. True
b. False
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6. If more IRS audits are producing a higher number of no change results, this indicates increased compliance o
n m nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
nthe part of taxpayers.
m
n nm nm nm
a. True
b. False
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7. A safe and easy way for a taxpayer to avoid local and state sales taxes is to make the purchase in a stat
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e thatlevies no such taxes.
nm m
n nm nm nm
a. True
b. False
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8. A calendar year taxpayer files his 2023 Federal income tax return on March 4, 2024. The return reflects an ov
n m nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
erpayment of $6,000, and the taxpayer requests a refund of this amount. The refund is paid on May 16, 2024.The refun
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm m
n nm
d need not include interest.
nm nm nm nm
a. True
b. False
nm n m 9. A tax cut enacted by Congress that contains a sunset provision will make the tax cut temporary.
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
a. True
b. False
Page 3
, Name: Class: Date: nm
Chapter 01 2025 Individuals
nm nm n m
nm n m 10. For Federal income tax purposes, there never has been a general amnesty period.
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
a. True
b. False
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11. To lessen or eliminate the effect of multiple taxation, a taxpayer who is subject to both foreign and U.S. income t
n m nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
axes on the same income is allowed either a deduction or a credit for the foreign tax paid.
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
a. True
b. False
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12. Because it is consistent with the wherewithal to pay concept, the tax law requires a seller to recognize a gain
n m nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
inthe year the installment sale occurs.
m
n nm nm nm nm nm
a. True
b. False
nm n m 13. The amount of a taxpayer’s itemized deductions will increase the chance of being audited by the IRS.
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
a. True
b. False
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14. In 2024, José, a widower, sells land (fair market value of $100,000) to his daughter, Linda, for $50,000. José has
n m nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm n
not made a taxable gift.
m nm nm nm nm
a. True
b. False
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15. For omissions from gross income in excess of 25% of that reported, there is no statute of limitations o
n m nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
n additional income tax assessments by the IRS.
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
a. True
b. False
nm n m 16. Stealth taxes have the effect of generating additional taxes from all taxpayers.
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
a. True
b. False
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17. Jason’s business warehouse is destroyed by fire. Because the insurance proceeds exceed the basis of the p
n m nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
roperty, a gain results. If Jason shortly reinvests the proceeds in a new warehouse, no gain is recognized due to the app
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
lication of the wherewithal to pay concept.
nm nm nm nm nm nm
a. True
b. False
nm n m 18. An inheritance tax is a tax on a decedent’s right to pass property at death.
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
a. True
b. False
nm n m 19. When interest is charged on a deficiency, any part of a month counts as a full month.
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
a. True
b. False
Page 4
South-Western Federal Taxation 2025:
nm nm nm
Individual Income Taxes, 48th Edition
nm nm nm nm
by James Young Complete Chapters 1 - 20
nm nm nmnm nm nm nm nm
Page 1
,TABLE OF CONTENTS
nm nm nm
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Taxation and Understanding the Federal Tax Law
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
Chapter 2: Working with the Tax Law
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
Chapter 03: Tax Formula and Tax Determination
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
Chapter 04: Gross Income: Concepts and Inclusions
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
Chapter 05: Gross Income: Exclusions
nm nm nm nm nm
Chapter 06: Deductions and Losses: In General
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
Chapter 07: Deductions and Losses: Certain Business Expenses
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
Chapter 08: Depreciation, Cost Recovery, Amortization, and Depletion
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
Chapter 09: Deductions: Employee and Self-Employed-Related Expense
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
Chapter 10: Deductions and Losses: Certain Itemized Deductions
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
Chapter 11: Investor Losses
nm nm nm nm
Chapter 12: Alternative Minimum Tax
nm nm nm nm nm
Chapter 13: Tax Credits and Payment Procedures
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
Chapter 14: Property Transactions: Determination of Gain or Loss and
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
Chapter 15: Property Transactions: Nontaxable Exchanges
nm nm nm nm nm nm
Chapter 16: Property Transactions: Capital Gains and Losses
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
Chapter 17: Property Transactions: 1231 and Recapture Provisions
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
Chapter 18: Accounting Periods and Methods
nm nm nm nm nm nm
Chapter 19: Deferred Compensation
nm nm nm nm
Chapter 20: Corporations and Partnerships
nm nm nm nm
Page 2
, Chapter 01 2025 Individuals
nm nm nm
Answers at the end of each chapter
nm nm nm nm nm nm
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
n m n m n m n m n m n m n m
nm n m 1. Sales made over the internet are not exempt from the application of a general sales (or use) tax.
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
a. True
b. False
nm n m 2. Upon audit by the IRS, Faith is assessed a deficiency of $40,000 of which $25,000 is attributable to negligence.
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
The 20% negligence penalty will apply to $25,000.
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
a. True
b. False
nm n m 3. Ultimately, most taxes are paid by individuals.
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
a. True
b. False
nm
4. Even if property tax rates are not changed, the amount of ad valorem taxes imposed on realty may not rema
n m nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
inthe same.
m
n nm
a. True
b. False
nm n m 5. The principal objective of the FUTA tax is to provide some measure of retirement security.
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
a. True
b. False
nm
6. If more IRS audits are producing a higher number of no change results, this indicates increased compliance o
n m nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
nthe part of taxpayers.
m
n nm nm nm
a. True
b. False
nm
7. A safe and easy way for a taxpayer to avoid local and state sales taxes is to make the purchase in a stat
n m nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
e thatlevies no such taxes.
nm m
n nm nm nm
a. True
b. False
nm
8. A calendar year taxpayer files his 2023 Federal income tax return on March 4, 2024. The return reflects an ov
n m nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
erpayment of $6,000, and the taxpayer requests a refund of this amount. The refund is paid on May 16, 2024.The refun
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm m
n nm
d need not include interest.
nm nm nm nm
a. True
b. False
nm n m 9. A tax cut enacted by Congress that contains a sunset provision will make the tax cut temporary.
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
a. True
b. False
Page 3
, Name: Class: Date: nm
Chapter 01 2025 Individuals
nm nm n m
nm n m 10. For Federal income tax purposes, there never has been a general amnesty period.
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
a. True
b. False
nm
11. To lessen or eliminate the effect of multiple taxation, a taxpayer who is subject to both foreign and U.S. income t
n m nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
axes on the same income is allowed either a deduction or a credit for the foreign tax paid.
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
a. True
b. False
nm
12. Because it is consistent with the wherewithal to pay concept, the tax law requires a seller to recognize a gain
n m nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
inthe year the installment sale occurs.
m
n nm nm nm nm nm
a. True
b. False
nm n m 13. The amount of a taxpayer’s itemized deductions will increase the chance of being audited by the IRS.
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
a. True
b. False
nm
14. In 2024, José, a widower, sells land (fair market value of $100,000) to his daughter, Linda, for $50,000. José has
n m nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm n
not made a taxable gift.
m nm nm nm nm
a. True
b. False
nm
15. For omissions from gross income in excess of 25% of that reported, there is no statute of limitations o
n m nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
n additional income tax assessments by the IRS.
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
a. True
b. False
nm n m 16. Stealth taxes have the effect of generating additional taxes from all taxpayers.
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
a. True
b. False
nm
17. Jason’s business warehouse is destroyed by fire. Because the insurance proceeds exceed the basis of the p
n m nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
roperty, a gain results. If Jason shortly reinvests the proceeds in a new warehouse, no gain is recognized due to the app
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
lication of the wherewithal to pay concept.
nm nm nm nm nm nm
a. True
b. False
nm n m 18. An inheritance tax is a tax on a decedent’s right to pass property at death.
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
a. True
b. False
nm n m 19. When interest is charged on a deficiency, any part of a month counts as a full month.
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
a. True
b. False
Page 4