CEN EXAM UPDATED QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS.
MAP calculation - ANS [( 2xDBP) + SBP] / 3
cushing's triad - ANS widened pulse pressure, bradycardia, and irregular respirations
(indicative of increased ICP)
chronotropes - ANS affect the heart rate at the SA node (cardizem)
inotropes - ANS affect contractility (dopamine)
dromotropes - ANS affect automaticity of the heart
ACE inhibitors adverse effects - ANS dry cough, angioedema, renal impairment
ARB (sartans) - ANS block angiotensin 2 receptors, resulting in vasodilation
antidote for vasopressor extravasation - ANS phentolamine (regitine)
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Prinzmetal angina - ANS -episodic CP unrelated to exertion
-ST elevation is variant and resolves when vasospasm resolves
inferior MI ST elevation - ANS leads II, III AVF
Lateral MI ST elevation - ANS I, AVL, V5, V6
Anterior ST elevation - ANS V1-V4
inferior MI vessel involvement - ANS RCA (feeds SA and AV nodes)
inferior MI presentation - ANS Epigastric pain
bradycardia and heart blocks
anterior MI vessel involvement - ANS LAD (supplies L ventricle)
anterior MI presentation - ANS crushing CP
"I can't breathe"
Ventricular failure and arrhythmias
right ventricle-involved MI - ANS -get right sided ekg
-NO nitro or morphine`
tx for MI - ANS oxygen
aspirin
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,nitroglycerin
PCI within 90 mins
beta-blockers for HTN
**reperfusion dysrhythmias are a good sign with PCI
aortic dissection BP - ANS difference of 20 mmHg or more in SBP b/t arms
aortic dissection tx - ANS #1 priority is 2 large bore IV's
maintain HR of 60-80 (beta blocker)
maintain BP of 100-120 (nitro)
post ROSC - ANS keep O2 sat 90%
CO2 35-45
SBP >90
TTM at 32-36 celsius
medications that cause prolonged QT interval - ANS erythromycin, levofloxacin, cipro
haldol
tricyclic antidepressants
sotolol, procainamide
zofran
antidote for beta blockers - ANS glucagon
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, pericarditis (dressler's syndrome) - ANS retrosternal cp, worse with inspiration, activity and
laying flat
relieved by sitting up or leaning forward
diffuse ST elevation in most or all leads (not contiguous)
tx is NSAIDs
hypertensive emergency/crisis - ANS SBP >180 or DBP >120
AND
evidence of impending end-organ damage
hypertensive emergency tx - ANS nitroglycerin or nitroprusside slowly to decrease bp by 25%
in first 2 hours of tx
cardiac tamponade - ANS pericardial sac accumulates excess fluid, causing obstructive shock
Beck's Triad:
muffled heart sounds, hypotension, JVD
risk factors for DVT - ANS Stasis, endothelial injury and hypercoagulability (Virchow's triad)
non-invasive positive pressure ventilation
contraindications - ANS risk of aspiration
hypotension
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
CORRECT ANSWERS.
MAP calculation - ANS [( 2xDBP) + SBP] / 3
cushing's triad - ANS widened pulse pressure, bradycardia, and irregular respirations
(indicative of increased ICP)
chronotropes - ANS affect the heart rate at the SA node (cardizem)
inotropes - ANS affect contractility (dopamine)
dromotropes - ANS affect automaticity of the heart
ACE inhibitors adverse effects - ANS dry cough, angioedema, renal impairment
ARB (sartans) - ANS block angiotensin 2 receptors, resulting in vasodilation
antidote for vasopressor extravasation - ANS phentolamine (regitine)
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Prinzmetal angina - ANS -episodic CP unrelated to exertion
-ST elevation is variant and resolves when vasospasm resolves
inferior MI ST elevation - ANS leads II, III AVF
Lateral MI ST elevation - ANS I, AVL, V5, V6
Anterior ST elevation - ANS V1-V4
inferior MI vessel involvement - ANS RCA (feeds SA and AV nodes)
inferior MI presentation - ANS Epigastric pain
bradycardia and heart blocks
anterior MI vessel involvement - ANS LAD (supplies L ventricle)
anterior MI presentation - ANS crushing CP
"I can't breathe"
Ventricular failure and arrhythmias
right ventricle-involved MI - ANS -get right sided ekg
-NO nitro or morphine`
tx for MI - ANS oxygen
aspirin
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,nitroglycerin
PCI within 90 mins
beta-blockers for HTN
**reperfusion dysrhythmias are a good sign with PCI
aortic dissection BP - ANS difference of 20 mmHg or more in SBP b/t arms
aortic dissection tx - ANS #1 priority is 2 large bore IV's
maintain HR of 60-80 (beta blocker)
maintain BP of 100-120 (nitro)
post ROSC - ANS keep O2 sat 90%
CO2 35-45
SBP >90
TTM at 32-36 celsius
medications that cause prolonged QT interval - ANS erythromycin, levofloxacin, cipro
haldol
tricyclic antidepressants
sotolol, procainamide
zofran
antidote for beta blockers - ANS glucagon
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, pericarditis (dressler's syndrome) - ANS retrosternal cp, worse with inspiration, activity and
laying flat
relieved by sitting up or leaning forward
diffuse ST elevation in most or all leads (not contiguous)
tx is NSAIDs
hypertensive emergency/crisis - ANS SBP >180 or DBP >120
AND
evidence of impending end-organ damage
hypertensive emergency tx - ANS nitroglycerin or nitroprusside slowly to decrease bp by 25%
in first 2 hours of tx
cardiac tamponade - ANS pericardial sac accumulates excess fluid, causing obstructive shock
Beck's Triad:
muffled heart sounds, hypotension, JVD
risk factors for DVT - ANS Stasis, endothelial injury and hypercoagulability (Virchow's triad)
non-invasive positive pressure ventilation
contraindications - ANS risk of aspiration
hypotension
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
