Mediagebruik samenvatting
Communicatiewetenschap bachelor 2
2023-2024
, 2
Contents
Uses & gratifications .............................................................................................................. 3
Instagram: motives for its use and relationship to narcissism and contextual age .............. 4
Why do people watch others play video games? An empirical study on the motivations of
Twitch users ....................................................................................................................... 6
Why people use social media: a uses and gratifications approach ..................................... 8
Kennisclip .......................................................................................................................... 9
Theory of planned behavior ..................................................................................................10
Constructing a theory of planned behavior questionnaire .................................................. 11
Planned behavior and media choice (in Media choice: a theoretical and empirical
overview) ..........................................................................................................................13
Service in co-creation in social media: an extension of the theory of planned behavior .....16
Kennisclip .........................................................................................................................18
Social cognitive theory..........................................................................................................19
Influencing children’s self-efficacy and self-regulation of reading and writing through
modelling ..........................................................................................................................20
Media Choice, a theoretical and empirical overview. Social cognitive theories of media
selection. ..........................................................................................................................22
Kennisclip .........................................................................................................................24
Gewoonte en verslaving .......................................................................................................27
Modeling habitual and addictive smartphone behavior: The role of smartphone usage
types, emotional intelligence, social stress, self-regulation, age and gender. ....................28
The process of forming a mobile media habit: results of a longitudinal study in real-world
setting ...............................................................................................................................30
Kennisclip .........................................................................................................................32
Cognitieve dissonantie, mood management & SESAM ........................................................34
Red media, blue media: Evidence of ideological selectivity in media use ..........................35
Mood adjustment to social situations through mass media use: how men ruminate and
women dissipate angry moods ..........................................................................................36
The selective exposure for self and affect management (SESAM) model. Choice and
preference in media use: advances in selective exposure theory and research ................38
Kennisclip .........................................................................................................................39
Sociologische theorieën .......................................................................................................41
Television omnivores? Snob and slob taste for television programs in the Netherlands in
2000 .................................................................................................................................42
Media Choice, a theoretical and empirical overview. The role of structure in media choice
.........................................................................................................................................44
Kennisclip .........................................................................................................................46
, 3
Uses & gratifications
, 4
Instagram: motives for its use and relationship to narcissism and
contextual age
Sheldon & Bryant 2016
Survey of 239 college students
Main reasons for Instagram use:
- Surveillance/knowledge about others
- Documentation
- Coolness
- Creativity
Positive relationship between those who scored high in interpersonal interaction and using
Instagram for coolness, creative purposes, and surveillance. Positive relationship between
high levels of social activity and being motivated to use Instagram as a means of
documentation. Positive relationship between using Instagram to be cool and for
surveillance, in reference to narcissism.
U&G theory = people are active in choosing and using media based on their needs. While
those needs or gratifications are not equally important for all types of media, the main ones
include:
• Diversion - escape from problems; emotional release
• Personal relationship – social utility of information in conversation; substitute of the
media for companionship
• Personal identity – value reinforcement; self-understanding
• Surveillance
- Convenience
- Expression of opinion
- Knowledge about others
Narcissism: a personality trait that entails a person having an exaggerated self-concept, a
high level of self-importance, and a desire to be admired. Narcissists typically think that they
are better than other people, special and unique. Prefer online communities consisting of
shallow relationships, as they have complete control over their self-presentation.
Four motives were produced as a result of the analysis, and include: ‘surveillance/knowledge
about others’, ‘documentation’, ‘coolness’, ‘creativity’. Surveillance/knowledge about others
was the most influential reason behind Instagram use. The ‘knowledge about others’
dimension reflected following and ‘liking’ other people’s posts. The second most important
motive was ‘documentation’. The reasoning behind documentation surfacing as a potential
motive in this study is likely due to the characteristics of Instagram that set it apart from other
social media forums. Instagram acts as a kind of virtual photo album for many people. The
third motive is that of ‘coolness/popularity’. In addition to the cool features of Instagram,
users likely use this particular social media forum for self-promotion and to gain popularity.
Likes validate their popularity and status among their peers, having a large number of
followers is typically an indication of popularity. The least influential motive of the four is that
of ‘creativity’. there are ample opportunities for users to portray their creative talents on
Instagram. One potential reason that ‘creativity’ as a motive came about in this study is due
to the act that Instagram is a visually based social networking site.
This study found a positive relationship between those that scored high in interpersonal
interaction and using Instagram for coolness, creative purposes, and surveillance. Another
Communicatiewetenschap bachelor 2
2023-2024
, 2
Contents
Uses & gratifications .............................................................................................................. 3
Instagram: motives for its use and relationship to narcissism and contextual age .............. 4
Why do people watch others play video games? An empirical study on the motivations of
Twitch users ....................................................................................................................... 6
Why people use social media: a uses and gratifications approach ..................................... 8
Kennisclip .......................................................................................................................... 9
Theory of planned behavior ..................................................................................................10
Constructing a theory of planned behavior questionnaire .................................................. 11
Planned behavior and media choice (in Media choice: a theoretical and empirical
overview) ..........................................................................................................................13
Service in co-creation in social media: an extension of the theory of planned behavior .....16
Kennisclip .........................................................................................................................18
Social cognitive theory..........................................................................................................19
Influencing children’s self-efficacy and self-regulation of reading and writing through
modelling ..........................................................................................................................20
Media Choice, a theoretical and empirical overview. Social cognitive theories of media
selection. ..........................................................................................................................22
Kennisclip .........................................................................................................................24
Gewoonte en verslaving .......................................................................................................27
Modeling habitual and addictive smartphone behavior: The role of smartphone usage
types, emotional intelligence, social stress, self-regulation, age and gender. ....................28
The process of forming a mobile media habit: results of a longitudinal study in real-world
setting ...............................................................................................................................30
Kennisclip .........................................................................................................................32
Cognitieve dissonantie, mood management & SESAM ........................................................34
Red media, blue media: Evidence of ideological selectivity in media use ..........................35
Mood adjustment to social situations through mass media use: how men ruminate and
women dissipate angry moods ..........................................................................................36
The selective exposure for self and affect management (SESAM) model. Choice and
preference in media use: advances in selective exposure theory and research ................38
Kennisclip .........................................................................................................................39
Sociologische theorieën .......................................................................................................41
Television omnivores? Snob and slob taste for television programs in the Netherlands in
2000 .................................................................................................................................42
Media Choice, a theoretical and empirical overview. The role of structure in media choice
.........................................................................................................................................44
Kennisclip .........................................................................................................................46
, 3
Uses & gratifications
, 4
Instagram: motives for its use and relationship to narcissism and
contextual age
Sheldon & Bryant 2016
Survey of 239 college students
Main reasons for Instagram use:
- Surveillance/knowledge about others
- Documentation
- Coolness
- Creativity
Positive relationship between those who scored high in interpersonal interaction and using
Instagram for coolness, creative purposes, and surveillance. Positive relationship between
high levels of social activity and being motivated to use Instagram as a means of
documentation. Positive relationship between using Instagram to be cool and for
surveillance, in reference to narcissism.
U&G theory = people are active in choosing and using media based on their needs. While
those needs or gratifications are not equally important for all types of media, the main ones
include:
• Diversion - escape from problems; emotional release
• Personal relationship – social utility of information in conversation; substitute of the
media for companionship
• Personal identity – value reinforcement; self-understanding
• Surveillance
- Convenience
- Expression of opinion
- Knowledge about others
Narcissism: a personality trait that entails a person having an exaggerated self-concept, a
high level of self-importance, and a desire to be admired. Narcissists typically think that they
are better than other people, special and unique. Prefer online communities consisting of
shallow relationships, as they have complete control over their self-presentation.
Four motives were produced as a result of the analysis, and include: ‘surveillance/knowledge
about others’, ‘documentation’, ‘coolness’, ‘creativity’. Surveillance/knowledge about others
was the most influential reason behind Instagram use. The ‘knowledge about others’
dimension reflected following and ‘liking’ other people’s posts. The second most important
motive was ‘documentation’. The reasoning behind documentation surfacing as a potential
motive in this study is likely due to the characteristics of Instagram that set it apart from other
social media forums. Instagram acts as a kind of virtual photo album for many people. The
third motive is that of ‘coolness/popularity’. In addition to the cool features of Instagram,
users likely use this particular social media forum for self-promotion and to gain popularity.
Likes validate their popularity and status among their peers, having a large number of
followers is typically an indication of popularity. The least influential motive of the four is that
of ‘creativity’. there are ample opportunities for users to portray their creative talents on
Instagram. One potential reason that ‘creativity’ as a motive came about in this study is due
to the act that Instagram is a visually based social networking site.
This study found a positive relationship between those that scored high in interpersonal
interaction and using Instagram for coolness, creative purposes, and surveillance. Another
