PRN 350 – Pediatric Renal in Nursing
ACTUAL UPDATED QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Explain the anatomy and physiology of the pediatric renal system and differences from
adults.
CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅
The pediatric renal system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, responsible for
waste excretion, fluid and electrolyte balance, and acid-base regulation. In children, the
kidneys are proportionally smaller, have lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and
immature tubular function, affecting their ability to concentrate urine. Infants have higher
water turnover, making them prone to dehydration. Nurses must understand these differences
to assess fluid balance, monitor electrolytes, and detect early signs of renal dysfunction.
Knowledge of pediatric renal physiology guides safe medication dosing and fluid therapy.
Discuss the nursing assessment of pediatric patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs).
CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅
UTIs in children may present with fever, irritability, poor feeding, abdominal pain, dysuria,
or enuresis. Assessment includes history taking, physical examination, urine collection for
culture, and sometimes imaging for anatomical anomalies. Nursing care involves
administering antibiotics as prescribed, promoting hydration, monitoring vital signs, and
educating caregivers on hygiene and preventive measures. Nurses assess for recurrent
infections or complications such as pyelonephritis. Early recognition and management
prevent kidney damage and long-term renal complications.
Explain the pathophysiology, recognition, and management of pediatric nephrotic syndrome.
CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅
Nephrotic syndrome involves increased glomerular permeability, resulting in proteinuria,
hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia. Children present with generalized edema,
periorbital swelling, fatigue, and weight gain. Nursing care includes monitoring fluid balance,
administering corticosteroids or immunosuppressive therapy, promoting adequate nutrition,
and preventing infections. Education for families focuses on medication adherence,
recognizing relapse signs, and home monitoring of weight and urine protein. Proper care
prevents complications such as thromboembolism and chronic kidney disease.
Describe the nursing assessment and care for pediatric patients with acute glomerulonephritis.
, CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅
Acute glomerulonephritis, often post-streptococcal, causes inflammation of glomeruli,
leading to hematuria, edema, hypertension, and reduced urine output. Nursing assessment
includes monitoring blood pressure, fluid status, urine characteristics, and laboratory values
(BUN, creatinine). Care involves supportive management, restricting sodium and fluid intake
if necessary, administering antihypertensives, and educating families on symptom
monitoring. Nurses monitor for complications such as renal failure or encephalopathy. Early
intervention promotes recovery and prevents long-term renal impairment.
Discuss the nursing care of pediatric patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS).
CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅
HUS is a triad of hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury, often
following E. coli infection. Children present with pallor, bruising, edema, oliguria, and
sometimes neurological symptoms. Nursing care includes monitoring fluid balance,
administering blood transfusions if needed, dialysis for severe renal failure, and managing
hypertension and electrolyte imbalances. Education for caregivers includes infection
prevention, nutrition guidance, and follow-up care. Early recognition and supportive care are
critical for renal recovery and preventing complications.
Explain the nursing assessment and management of pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD).
CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅
CKD in children leads to progressive loss of renal function, affecting growth, electrolyte
balance, and cardiovascular health. Assessment includes monitoring GFR, blood pressure,
growth parameters, lab values (electrolytes, hemoglobin), and nutritional status. Nursing care
involves medication administration (erythropoietin, phosphate binders), fluid management,
dietary modifications, and preparation for dialysis or transplantation if needed. Educating
families on disease progression, adherence, and monitoring is essential. Early intervention
delays progression and improves growth and quality of life.
Describe the recognition and nursing care for pediatric patients with vesicoureteral reflux
(VUR).
CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅
VUR is a congenital anomaly causing backward flow of urine from bladder to ureters,
increasing UTI risk. Children may present with recurrent UTIs, fever, or sometimes
asymptomatic. Nursing care involves monitoring for infection, administering prophylactic
antibiotics if prescribed, educating caregivers on hygiene, and coordinating imaging studies.
Nurses also teach families about long-term monitoring and potential surgical interventions.
Early recognition prevents renal scarring and chronic kidney disease.
ACTUAL UPDATED QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Explain the anatomy and physiology of the pediatric renal system and differences from
adults.
CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅
The pediatric renal system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, responsible for
waste excretion, fluid and electrolyte balance, and acid-base regulation. In children, the
kidneys are proportionally smaller, have lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and
immature tubular function, affecting their ability to concentrate urine. Infants have higher
water turnover, making them prone to dehydration. Nurses must understand these differences
to assess fluid balance, monitor electrolytes, and detect early signs of renal dysfunction.
Knowledge of pediatric renal physiology guides safe medication dosing and fluid therapy.
Discuss the nursing assessment of pediatric patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs).
CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅
UTIs in children may present with fever, irritability, poor feeding, abdominal pain, dysuria,
or enuresis. Assessment includes history taking, physical examination, urine collection for
culture, and sometimes imaging for anatomical anomalies. Nursing care involves
administering antibiotics as prescribed, promoting hydration, monitoring vital signs, and
educating caregivers on hygiene and preventive measures. Nurses assess for recurrent
infections or complications such as pyelonephritis. Early recognition and management
prevent kidney damage and long-term renal complications.
Explain the pathophysiology, recognition, and management of pediatric nephrotic syndrome.
CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅
Nephrotic syndrome involves increased glomerular permeability, resulting in proteinuria,
hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia. Children present with generalized edema,
periorbital swelling, fatigue, and weight gain. Nursing care includes monitoring fluid balance,
administering corticosteroids or immunosuppressive therapy, promoting adequate nutrition,
and preventing infections. Education for families focuses on medication adherence,
recognizing relapse signs, and home monitoring of weight and urine protein. Proper care
prevents complications such as thromboembolism and chronic kidney disease.
Describe the nursing assessment and care for pediatric patients with acute glomerulonephritis.
, CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅
Acute glomerulonephritis, often post-streptococcal, causes inflammation of glomeruli,
leading to hematuria, edema, hypertension, and reduced urine output. Nursing assessment
includes monitoring blood pressure, fluid status, urine characteristics, and laboratory values
(BUN, creatinine). Care involves supportive management, restricting sodium and fluid intake
if necessary, administering antihypertensives, and educating families on symptom
monitoring. Nurses monitor for complications such as renal failure or encephalopathy. Early
intervention promotes recovery and prevents long-term renal impairment.
Discuss the nursing care of pediatric patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS).
CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅
HUS is a triad of hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury, often
following E. coli infection. Children present with pallor, bruising, edema, oliguria, and
sometimes neurological symptoms. Nursing care includes monitoring fluid balance,
administering blood transfusions if needed, dialysis for severe renal failure, and managing
hypertension and electrolyte imbalances. Education for caregivers includes infection
prevention, nutrition guidance, and follow-up care. Early recognition and supportive care are
critical for renal recovery and preventing complications.
Explain the nursing assessment and management of pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD).
CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅
CKD in children leads to progressive loss of renal function, affecting growth, electrolyte
balance, and cardiovascular health. Assessment includes monitoring GFR, blood pressure,
growth parameters, lab values (electrolytes, hemoglobin), and nutritional status. Nursing care
involves medication administration (erythropoietin, phosphate binders), fluid management,
dietary modifications, and preparation for dialysis or transplantation if needed. Educating
families on disease progression, adherence, and monitoring is essential. Early intervention
delays progression and improves growth and quality of life.
Describe the recognition and nursing care for pediatric patients with vesicoureteral reflux
(VUR).
CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅
VUR is a congenital anomaly causing backward flow of urine from bladder to ureters,
increasing UTI risk. Children may present with recurrent UTIs, fever, or sometimes
asymptomatic. Nursing care involves monitoring for infection, administering prophylactic
antibiotics if prescribed, educating caregivers on hygiene, and coordinating imaging studies.
Nurses also teach families about long-term monitoring and potential surgical interventions.
Early recognition prevents renal scarring and chronic kidney disease.
