Microbiology Test Questions and Answers

Microbiology Test Questions and Answers D Which of the following is a eukaryotic domain in the three-domain system? A. Archaea B. Fungi C. Bacteria D. Eukarya A Who was the first to observe microorganisms with a microscope? A. van Leeuwenhoek B. Hooke C. Koch D. Pasteur E. None of the above B These are the primary molecules making up membranes in cells: A. Proteins B. Phospholipids C. Nucleic acids D. Carbohydrates E. None of the above A Aerobic respiration differs from anaerobic respiration in which of the following respects? A. The final electron acceptors are different B. Aerobic respiration creates fewer molecules of ATP C. ANaerobic respiration includes glycolysis D. Aerobic respiration requires the electron transport chain B Which of the following has to consume carbohydrates for both carbon and energy? A. Photoautotroph B. Chemoheterotroph C. Chemoautotroph D. Photoheterotroph B salts and sugars work to preserve foods by creating a A. depletion of nutrients B. hypertonic environment C. hypotonic environment D. lower pH D The term facultative anaerobe refers to an organism A. is killed by oxygen B. doesnt use oxygen but tolerates it C. requires less oxygen than is present in air D. can use oxygen or can grow without oxygen C which group of the following bacterial growth types and temperatures is mismatched? A. Psychrotroph- optimal growth 22C B. Psychrophile- optimal growth 12C C. Thermophile- optimal growth 37C D. Hyperthermophile- optimal growth 95C A Which group of microorganisms is most likely to spoil a freshwater trout preserved with salt? A. Halophiles B. Psychrophiles C. Anaerobes D. Thermophiles A Which of the following is a good method to sterilize the interior of dense materials without using high heat? A. ionizing radiation B. Pasteurization C. autoclave D. none of the above B One important ecosystem function performed by microorganisms (such as algae and cyanobacteria) is the primary production of biomass through the metabolic process of A. Anaerobic respiration B. Photosynthesis C. Aerobic respiration D. fermentation B The bacteria that are typically present and on the surface of the human body, and which are typically harmless or even helpful to humans are called the "________" microbiota A. endemic B. normal C. symptomatic D. pathogenic D WHat does the scientific debate about spontaneous generation vs. biogenesis tell us about the process of science? A. science is composed of theories based on personal beliefs B. none of the above C. Science is simply the collection of facts about nature over time D. Science is the process of refining ideas through vigorous debate and the challenging of old ideas with new data collection A Which of the following bacterial genus names means "string of rod-shaped cells" A. Streptobacillus B. Streptococcus C. Lactobacillus D. Staphylobacillus D Regarding pasteurs experiments with the S-neck flask, which of the following statements is true? A. The liquid did not contain food for microbes B. The results supported the theory of spontaneous generation, not biogenesis C. The liquid was not boiled to kill the microbes D. The S-flask allowed air to enter the flask D whose work began the "golden age of microbiology" and included the refinement of aseptic technique? A. Hooke B. van Leeuwenhoek C. Koch D. Pasteur E. None of the above B A single celled, eukaryotic, motile organism that ingests its food and has no cell wall is a A. Bacterium B. protozoan C. Alga D. fungus E. Virus A a prokaryote that lacks peptidoglycan in its cell walls and typically lives in extreme environments is called a A. Archaean B. protozoan C. Bacterium D. ALga E. Fungus B What is the typical diameter of bacterial cells? A. 1000-10,000 microns B. 0.2-8 microns C. 10-100 microns D. 100-1000 microns B in the name Esherichia coli, Escherichia is the A. specific epithet B. genus C. kingdom D. family E. order C one way in which fungi and algae differ from bacteria is that bacteria A. spoil food B. have cell walls C. do not have membrane bound nucleus D. have DNA E. none of the above C what is the primary function of the bacterial cell wall? A. to allow selective movement of materials in and out of the cell B. to process and store the DNA C. to protect the cell, especially by preventing osmotic lysis D. to allow the cell to stick to surfaces C what type of bacterium has an extra membrane layer on the outside of the cell wall, which dissolves in alcohol, leaving holes in the peptidoglycan layer and allowing crystal violet-iodine to wash out? A. gram-positive B. clostridium C. gram-negative D. Saffranin B What is the function of eukaryotic cilia and flagella? A. defense B. movement C. attachment D. genetic exchange B if a pharmaceutical drug attacks and destroys peptidoglycan, which type of micro-organism would it kill? A. Algae B. bacteria C. fungi D. archaea D if a pharmaceutical drug attacks and destroys chitin, would you expect it to have a significant side-effect on humans? A. Not enough info given B. it depends on what infection organisms are inhabiting the human C. Yes D. No A Mitochondria are the sites of _________ in eukaryotic cells A. Cellular respiration B. enzyme packaging C. photosynthesis D. protein synthesis B Which type of molecule is composed of (CH2O) units? A. lipids B. carbohydrates C. nucleic acids D. proteins E. none of the above D enzymes are a type of __________ composed of a string of amino acids A. lipid B. carbohydrate C. nucleic acid D. protein B Which type of reaction absorbs (requires) energy when it occurs? A. metabolic B. anabolic (synthesis) C. parabolic D. Catabolic (decomposition) B The major energy storage molecule found in all organisms is A. DNA B. ATP C. NADP D. ADP C what organism is not correctly matched to its energy source A. photoheterotroph - light B. Chemoheterotroph - Fe2+ C. Photoautotroph - CO2 D. Chemoautotoph - NH3 E. Chemoheterotroph - NH3 A which metabolic process produces the fewest ATP molecules? A. fermentation B. aerobic respiration C. anaerobic respiration C Which of the following lists the sequence of events during aerobic respiration in the correct order? A. krebs, electron trans., glycolysis B. glycolysis, electron trans., krebs C. glycolysis, krebs, electron trans. D. electron trans., glycolysis, krebs A where in the environment might you find microbes conducting anaerobic respiration? A. in your large intestine B. on the surface of a leaf C. in the surface waters of a pond D. on the outside of your skin A Most bacteria grow best at a pH of approximately A. 7 B. 1 C. 5 D. 9 E. 14 D most fungi grow best at a pH of approximately A. 7.5 B. 1.5 C. 14 D. 5.5 E. 9.5 D A culture medium consisting of agar, human blood, and beef heart is a A. reducing medium B. differential medium C. selective medium D. complex medium E. Chemically defined medium B Which chemical nutrient is found in ATP, RNA, DNA, and membranes? A. K B. P C. N D. S C which of the following nutrients is only needed in small amounts by microorganisms? A. carbon B. sulfur C. calcium D. Nitrogen E. none of the above D which of the following is best method to sterilize heat-sensitive solutions such as antibiotics? A. dry heat B. autoclave C. pasteurization D. membrane filtration E. none of the above B which of the following is NOT true about agar? A. liquifies at 100C B. it is consumed by microbes in media C. Used as a solidifying agent D. derived from red algae C which of the following would be the most effective method to sterilize petri plates inside a cardboard box? A. ultraviolet radiation B. sunlight C. gamma radiation D. Microwaves E. none of the above D what types of microbial growth medium makes it easy to visually distinguish colonies of specific types of microbes? A. complex media B. enrichment media C. selective media D. differential media C which of the following methods is most effective at killing microbes? A. filtering B. drying C. boiling D. freezing C which of the following refers to the removal of pathogens and the lowering of microbial numbers, but not the complete destruction of all bacterial life? A. bacteriostasis B. Sterilization C. disinfection D. termination D which of the following is important for the effectiveness of an antimicrobial treatment A. initial numbers of microbes B. time of exposure C. microbial characteristics D.All of the above C Heat kills microbes by A. destroying organelles B. destroying plasma membranes C. denaturing enzymes D. destroying cell walls B Which microbe is most resistant to being killed? A. fungi B. endospores of bacteria C. viruses D. gram-negative bacteria B The major energy storage molecule found in all organisms is A. NADP B. ATP C. ADP D. DNA E which of the following is the best definition of fermentation? A. The reduction of glucose to pyruvic acid, with oxygen as the electron acceptor B. the release of energy from the breakdown of organic molecules without oxygen, using an internally-produced, energy rich organic molecule as the final electron acceptor C. the production of energy by photo-phosphorylation D. the complete catabolism of glucose to CO2 and H2O E. the production of alcohol from glucose, using an energy-poor, external organic molecule as the final electron acceptor B The term obligate anaerobe refers to an organism that A. doesnt use oxygen but tolerates it B. is killed by oxygen C. requires less oxygen than is present in air D. uses oxygen or grows without oxygen E. requires oxygen for growth D for commercial antimicrobial treatment of canned foods, it is important to kill A. none B. heat-tolerant bacteria C. all bacteria D. Clostridium endospores E A single celled, eukaryotic, motile organism that ingests its food is a A. bacterium B. Virus C. Fungus D. alga E. protozoan C which of the following is true about penicillin and its discovery A. penicillin is produced by bacteria and is toxic to fungi B. Penicillin works by destroying chitin C. Penicillin was discovered by accident, when fungi contaminated bacterial cultures D. Penicillin was first clinically tested and mass produced in the 1970s B aerobic respiration differs from anaerobic respiration in which of the following respects? A. anaerobic respiration includes glycolysis B the final electron acceptors are different C. aerobic respiration requires the electron transport chain D. Aerobic respiration creates fewer molecules of ATP D Some bacteria, such as clostridium and bacillus, can form ________, allowing them to resist heat, lack of water, and toxic chemicals A. pellicles B. glycocalyx C. plasmids D. endospores B in the electron transport chain, ATP is generated when A. a high-energy phosphate group is transferred to an intermediate metabolite from ADP B. Protons flow across a membrane C. Chlorophyll liberates an electron D. Cells lyse in a hypotonic environment E. electrons are transferred between carrier molecules D a multicellular organism that has chitin cell walls and absorbes organic material is a A. Helminth B. Bacterium C. ALga D. Fungus E. virus A which of the following statements is true? A. Viruses cannot reproduce outside of a host cell B. fungi are prokaryotes C. Protozoa have rigid cell walls D. Algae are parasites E. Bacteria cannot move A which type of bacterium has a thick outer layer of peptidoglycan, which dehydrates in alcohol, trapping crystal violet-iodine inside the cell? A. Gram-positive B. clostridium C. gram-negative D. Saffranin A a capsule or slime that forms a layer on the outside of bacterial cells, allowing them to stick to surfaces, is called a A. glycocalyx B. endospore C. peptidoglycan D. pellicle D salts and sugars work to preserve foods by creating a A. lower pH B. Hypotonic environment C. depletion of nutrients D. hypertonic environment C Which of the following has to consume carbohydrates for both carbon and energy A. Chemoautotroph B. Photoheterotroph C. Chemoheterotroph D. Photoautotroph E. none of the above A which of the following is the type of bond between molecules of water, which provides water with some of its most important properties, including surface tension and high heat capacity? A. Hydrogen bonds B. Covalent bonds C. ionic bonds C which microbes are easiest to kill A. endospores of bacteria B. enveloped viruses C. gram-negative bacteria D. fungi A which of the following is a eukaryotic domain in the three domain system? A. Eukarya B. Archaea C. Protozoa D. Fungi D which of the following organisms reproduces using binary fission A. fungi B. Algae C. protozoans D. bacteria B which of the following is a prokaryotic domain in the three domain system A. eukarya B. archaea C. animalia D. fungi A a single celled organism with a nucleus and chloroplasts is a A. Alga B. Helminth C. Virus D. fungus E. Bacterium A which of the following statements is true A. most microbes do not cause disease B. all microbes can cause disease under the right circumstances C. most microbes cause disease D. about half of all microbes cause disease D which of the following is true about fungi A. all grow using sunlight and carbon dioxide B. all are multicellular C. all are plants D. all are heterotrophs E. all are prokaryotic B which of the following did not occur during the Golden age of microbiology? A. vaccination B. the discovery of bacteria C. germ theory of disease D. pasteurization true most microorganisms are not disease-causing true or false D according to the chemiosmotic mechanism, ATP is generated when A. A high-energy phosphate group is transferred from an intermediate metabolite to ADP B. Chlorophyll liberates an electron C. Cells lyse in a hypotonic environment D. protons flow across a membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration E. electrons are transferred between carrier molecules B archaeans called extreme halophiles prefer to live in environments with high levels of A. iron B. salt C. heat D. methane B laboratory practices that prevent contamination in the lab are called _________ techniques A. Sterile B. aseptic C. fun D. Careful C in microscopy, with which objective lens is immersion oil typically used A. 10x B. 40x C. 100x B in which century were microorganisms first observed by humans? A. 1800s B. 1600s C. 1500s D. 1700s D where in the environment might you find microbes conducting anaerobic respiration A. in the surface water of a pond B. on the surface of a leaf C. on the outside of the skin of a cow D. in the gut of a cow D which of the following describes the swimming movement of a motile microbe toward the light A. photosynthesis B. chemotaxis C. glycotaxis D. phototaxis D a gene is best defined as A. a segment of DNA B. three nucleotides that code for an amino acid C. a sequence of nucleotides in RNA that codes for a functional product D. a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that codes for a functional product E. a transcribed unit of DNA B Which of the following is a prokaryotic domain in the three domain system A. eukarya B. bacteria C. animalia D. fungi C Which of the following could be used to sterilize plastic petri plates in a brown paper bag A. microwaves B. sunlight C. gamma radiation D. ultraviolet radiation E. none of the above B which of the following is probably true about all the experiments that supposedly proved spontaneous generation, supposedly showing that bacterial life arose from nothing A. the food source could not support life B. microorganisms were already present C. too much heat was applied D. air was lacking E. all of the above A the endosymbiotic theory hypothesizes that A. eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells B. prokaryotic cells formed spontaneously from amino acids C. prokaryotic cells evolved from eukaryotic cells D. eukaryotic cells evolved before prokaryotic cells