NUR 425 Exam 4 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is involved in the synthesis of corticosteroids.
also known as somatotropin, stimulates growth through carbohydrate, protein and
Growth hormone
fat metabolism
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) assists in the maturation of the ovaries in females and in spermatogenesis in males
Luteinizing hormone (LH) is involved in ovulation in females and the production of testosterone in males
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) controls the secretion of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) thyroid hormones
, controls water retention by the kidneys and moderates vasoconstriction and the
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
release of ACTH in the anterior lobe of the pituitary
plays a major role in circadian homeostasis, the release of breast milk, and cervical
oxytocin
changes and uterine contractions during labor and delivery
controls the hormonal release. increases hormone secretion when circulating levels
Negative feedback system
are decreased
A1c levels We want < 7%
Normal sugar range 65-99 mg/dL
- A1C 5.7-6.4%
- Fasting bg 100-125
prediabetes
- OGTT 140-199
° Diet teaching, exercise (weight loss)
Fruity-smelling breath.
Nausea and vomiting.
Shortness of breath.
Dry mouth.
hyperglycemia manifestations
Weakness.
Confusion.
Coma.
Abdominal pain.
• Anxiety
• Hunger
• Palpitations
• Circumoral paresthesia (numbness around lips)
• Sweating
• Shakiness
• Irritability
hypoglycemia manifestations If blood glucose levels continue to drop, reaching levels where the central nervous
system is inadequately supplied with glucose, symptoms include:
• Difficulty thinking
• Dizziness
• Fatigue
• Sleepiness
• Slurred speech
• Weakness/lack of
Ty pe I: genetic and environmental factors, mostly diagnosed before age of 30,
DM risk factors autoimmune response, or infectious process
Ty pe II: BMI (overweight), genetics and lifestyle, strong hereditary predisposition
insulin deficiency or when there are defects in the effective action of insulin at the
cell membrane
The difference between type 1 & type 2 - Diabetes type I
insulin resistance glucose cannot effectively cross cell membranes to enter the cell.
- Diabetes type II
DM patient: address first? maximize glycemic control (goal <120)
Lab to evaluate as DM type I care Glucose and A1c
progressed
• Positive anion gap (normal range 8-16) for diabetic ketoacidosis
Anion gap ° Elevates= metabolic acidosis
° Evaluate the random glucose (300>180, improving)
DM consults dietician, DM educator, pharmacy
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is involved in the synthesis of corticosteroids.
also known as somatotropin, stimulates growth through carbohydrate, protein and
Growth hormone
fat metabolism
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) assists in the maturation of the ovaries in females and in spermatogenesis in males
Luteinizing hormone (LH) is involved in ovulation in females and the production of testosterone in males
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) controls the secretion of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) thyroid hormones
, controls water retention by the kidneys and moderates vasoconstriction and the
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
release of ACTH in the anterior lobe of the pituitary
plays a major role in circadian homeostasis, the release of breast milk, and cervical
oxytocin
changes and uterine contractions during labor and delivery
controls the hormonal release. increases hormone secretion when circulating levels
Negative feedback system
are decreased
A1c levels We want < 7%
Normal sugar range 65-99 mg/dL
- A1C 5.7-6.4%
- Fasting bg 100-125
prediabetes
- OGTT 140-199
° Diet teaching, exercise (weight loss)
Fruity-smelling breath.
Nausea and vomiting.
Shortness of breath.
Dry mouth.
hyperglycemia manifestations
Weakness.
Confusion.
Coma.
Abdominal pain.
• Anxiety
• Hunger
• Palpitations
• Circumoral paresthesia (numbness around lips)
• Sweating
• Shakiness
• Irritability
hypoglycemia manifestations If blood glucose levels continue to drop, reaching levels where the central nervous
system is inadequately supplied with glucose, symptoms include:
• Difficulty thinking
• Dizziness
• Fatigue
• Sleepiness
• Slurred speech
• Weakness/lack of
Ty pe I: genetic and environmental factors, mostly diagnosed before age of 30,
DM risk factors autoimmune response, or infectious process
Ty pe II: BMI (overweight), genetics and lifestyle, strong hereditary predisposition
insulin deficiency or when there are defects in the effective action of insulin at the
cell membrane
The difference between type 1 & type 2 - Diabetes type I
insulin resistance glucose cannot effectively cross cell membranes to enter the cell.
- Diabetes type II
DM patient: address first? maximize glycemic control (goal <120)
Lab to evaluate as DM type I care Glucose and A1c
progressed
• Positive anion gap (normal range 8-16) for diabetic ketoacidosis
Anion gap ° Elevates= metabolic acidosis
° Evaluate the random glucose (300>180, improving)
DM consults dietician, DM educator, pharmacy
