Adult Endocrine Nursing ACTUAL
UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
What are the common signs and symptoms of adult diabetes mellitus type 2?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Type 2 diabetes presents with polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia,
fatigue, blurred vision, recurrent infections, and slow wound healing. Nurses monitor blood
glucose, HbA1c, vital signs, and signs of complications. Management includes oral
hypoglycemic agents, insulin if indicated, dietary modifications, and exercise. Patient
education focuses on blood glucose monitoring, diet, lifestyle changes, and medication
adherence. Supportive care includes foot care, eye exams, and monitoring for neuropathy and
nephropathy. Early recognition and management prevent long-term complications.
Continuous monitoring ensures effective glycemic control and patient safety.
2. How is adult type 1 diabetes mellitus managed?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Management includes insulin therapy, blood glucose
monitoring, dietary modifications, and patient education. Nurses monitor glucose levels,
ketones, signs of hypoglycemia/hyperglycemia, and vital signs. Patient education focuses on
insulin administration, carbohydrate counting, and recognizing warning signs. Supportive
care includes foot care, psychosocial support, and prevention of complications. Early and
consistent management reduces risk of diabetic ketoacidosis and chronic complications.
Continuous monitoring ensures patient safety and glycemic control. Collaboration with
endocrinologists and dietitians ensures comprehensive care.
3. What are the nursing priorities for a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Priorities include monitoring blood glucose, fluid and
electrolyte balance, vital signs, neurological status, and signs of infection. Nurses assess urine
ketones, blood pH, serum electrolytes, and renal function. Management includes IV fluids,
insulin therapy, electrolyte replacement, and treating precipitating causes. Patient education
focuses on recognizing early symptoms, adherence to insulin therapy, and sick-day
management. Supportive care includes monitoring for cerebral edema, hypoglycemia, and
cardiovascular stability. Early intervention reduces morbidity and mortality. Continuous
monitoring ensures effective stabilization and patient safety.
4. How is adult hypoglycemia managed in hospital settings?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Management includes administering oral glucose if conscious
or IV dextrose if unconscious, monitoring blood glucose, and identifying the underlying
cause. Nurses monitor vital signs, neurological status, and recurrent hypoglycemia. Patient
,education focuses on recognizing early symptoms, dietary adherence, and adjusting
medications. Supportive care includes preventing injury during hypoglycemic episodes and
ensuring continuous glucose monitoring. Early intervention prevents seizures, coma, and
long-term neurological damage. Continuous monitoring ensures patient safety and prompt
intervention. Collaboration with physicians ensures individualized therapy adjustments.
5. What are the signs and symptoms of adult hyperthyroidism?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Hyperthyroidism presents with weight loss, heat intolerance,
palpitations, tremors, anxiety, diarrhea, and increased sweating. Nurses monitor vital signs,
weight, thyroid function tests, and cardiac status. Management includes antithyroid
medications, beta-blockers, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery. Patient education focuses
on medication adherence, monitoring for complications, and lifestyle modifications.
Supportive care includes managing cardiovascular symptoms, nutritional support, and
emotional support. Early recognition prevents thyrotoxic crisis and cardiac complications.
Continuous monitoring ensures effective symptom control and patient safety.
6. How is adult hypothyroidism managed?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Management includes levothyroxine therapy, monitoring
thyroid function tests, and adjusting doses accordingly. Nurses monitor vital signs, weight,
energy levels, and lab values. Patient education focuses on medication adherence, symptom
recognition, and regular follow-up. Supportive care includes managing fatigue, constipation,
cold intolerance, and cardiovascular health. Early recognition prevents myxedema and severe
metabolic complications. Continuous monitoring ensures optimal thyroid hormone
replacement. Collaboration with endocrinologists ensures individualized care and dose
adjustment.
7. What are the nursing priorities for a patient with adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease)?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Priorities include monitoring vital signs, fluid and electrolyte
balance, blood glucose, and signs of adrenal crisis. Nurses assess fatigue, hypotension,
hyperpigmentation, and lab results (cortisol, sodium, potassium). Management includes
corticosteroid replacement, IV fluids, and treatment of precipitating causes. Patient education
focuses on medication adherence, stress dosing during illness, and recognizing early
symptoms. Supportive care includes monitoring for hypoglycemia, infection prevention, and
emotional support. Early intervention prevents adrenal crisis and life-threatening
complications. Continuous monitoring ensures patient safety and effective management.
8. How is adult Cushing’s syndrome managed?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Management includes treating the underlying cause (surgery,
medications), controlling cortisol levels, and managing comorbidities. Nurses monitor vital
, signs, blood glucose, electrolyte balance, and signs of infection. Patient education focuses on
medication adherence, recognizing complications, and lifestyle modifications. Supportive
care includes managing hypertension, hyperglycemia, emotional support, and wound care.
Early intervention reduces morbidity and prevents severe complications. Continuous
monitoring ensures stabilization and effective therapy. Collaboration with endocrinologists
ensures comprehensive care and follow-up.
9. What are the clinical features of adult hyperparathyroidism?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Hyperparathyroidism presents with hypercalcemia, kidney
stones, bone pain, fatigue, constipation, nausea, and depression. Nurses monitor serum
calcium, phosphate, renal function, and bone density. Management includes surgical removal
of the parathyroid gland if indicated, medications, and hydration. Patient education focuses
on hydration, recognizing symptoms of hypercalcemia, and medication adherence.
Supportive care includes pain management, fracture prevention, and monitoring for
complications. Early recognition prevents renal and skeletal complications. Continuous
monitoring ensures effective management and patient safety.
10. How is adult hypoparathyroidism managed?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Management includes calcium and vitamin D supplementation,
monitoring serum calcium, and treating symptoms of hypocalcemia. Nurses monitor vital
signs, ECG changes, neuromuscular irritability, and lab values. Patient education focuses on
medication adherence, dietary calcium intake, and recognizing signs of hypocalcemia.
Supportive care includes preventing seizures, tetany, and complications related to chronic
hypocalcemia. Early intervention improves quality of life and prevents acute crises.
Continuous monitoring ensures safe and effective management. Collaboration with
endocrinologists ensures individualized therapy.
11. What are the nursing priorities for a patient with adult acromegaly?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Priorities include monitoring growth hormone levels, vital
signs, glucose levels, and symptoms related to organ enlargement. Nurses assess headaches,
visual changes, joint pain, and sleep apnea. Management includes surgery, medications
(somatostatin analogs), and radiotherapy if indicated. Patient education focuses on
medication adherence, recognizing complications, and post-operative care. Supportive care
includes pain management, cardiac monitoring, and psychological support. Early recognition
prevents severe complications such as cardiomyopathy. Continuous monitoring ensures
effective therapy and patient safety.
12. How is adult diabetes insipidus managed?
UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
What are the common signs and symptoms of adult diabetes mellitus type 2?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Type 2 diabetes presents with polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia,
fatigue, blurred vision, recurrent infections, and slow wound healing. Nurses monitor blood
glucose, HbA1c, vital signs, and signs of complications. Management includes oral
hypoglycemic agents, insulin if indicated, dietary modifications, and exercise. Patient
education focuses on blood glucose monitoring, diet, lifestyle changes, and medication
adherence. Supportive care includes foot care, eye exams, and monitoring for neuropathy and
nephropathy. Early recognition and management prevent long-term complications.
Continuous monitoring ensures effective glycemic control and patient safety.
2. How is adult type 1 diabetes mellitus managed?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Management includes insulin therapy, blood glucose
monitoring, dietary modifications, and patient education. Nurses monitor glucose levels,
ketones, signs of hypoglycemia/hyperglycemia, and vital signs. Patient education focuses on
insulin administration, carbohydrate counting, and recognizing warning signs. Supportive
care includes foot care, psychosocial support, and prevention of complications. Early and
consistent management reduces risk of diabetic ketoacidosis and chronic complications.
Continuous monitoring ensures patient safety and glycemic control. Collaboration with
endocrinologists and dietitians ensures comprehensive care.
3. What are the nursing priorities for a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Priorities include monitoring blood glucose, fluid and
electrolyte balance, vital signs, neurological status, and signs of infection. Nurses assess urine
ketones, blood pH, serum electrolytes, and renal function. Management includes IV fluids,
insulin therapy, electrolyte replacement, and treating precipitating causes. Patient education
focuses on recognizing early symptoms, adherence to insulin therapy, and sick-day
management. Supportive care includes monitoring for cerebral edema, hypoglycemia, and
cardiovascular stability. Early intervention reduces morbidity and mortality. Continuous
monitoring ensures effective stabilization and patient safety.
4. How is adult hypoglycemia managed in hospital settings?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Management includes administering oral glucose if conscious
or IV dextrose if unconscious, monitoring blood glucose, and identifying the underlying
cause. Nurses monitor vital signs, neurological status, and recurrent hypoglycemia. Patient
,education focuses on recognizing early symptoms, dietary adherence, and adjusting
medications. Supportive care includes preventing injury during hypoglycemic episodes and
ensuring continuous glucose monitoring. Early intervention prevents seizures, coma, and
long-term neurological damage. Continuous monitoring ensures patient safety and prompt
intervention. Collaboration with physicians ensures individualized therapy adjustments.
5. What are the signs and symptoms of adult hyperthyroidism?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Hyperthyroidism presents with weight loss, heat intolerance,
palpitations, tremors, anxiety, diarrhea, and increased sweating. Nurses monitor vital signs,
weight, thyroid function tests, and cardiac status. Management includes antithyroid
medications, beta-blockers, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery. Patient education focuses
on medication adherence, monitoring for complications, and lifestyle modifications.
Supportive care includes managing cardiovascular symptoms, nutritional support, and
emotional support. Early recognition prevents thyrotoxic crisis and cardiac complications.
Continuous monitoring ensures effective symptom control and patient safety.
6. How is adult hypothyroidism managed?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Management includes levothyroxine therapy, monitoring
thyroid function tests, and adjusting doses accordingly. Nurses monitor vital signs, weight,
energy levels, and lab values. Patient education focuses on medication adherence, symptom
recognition, and regular follow-up. Supportive care includes managing fatigue, constipation,
cold intolerance, and cardiovascular health. Early recognition prevents myxedema and severe
metabolic complications. Continuous monitoring ensures optimal thyroid hormone
replacement. Collaboration with endocrinologists ensures individualized care and dose
adjustment.
7. What are the nursing priorities for a patient with adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease)?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Priorities include monitoring vital signs, fluid and electrolyte
balance, blood glucose, and signs of adrenal crisis. Nurses assess fatigue, hypotension,
hyperpigmentation, and lab results (cortisol, sodium, potassium). Management includes
corticosteroid replacement, IV fluids, and treatment of precipitating causes. Patient education
focuses on medication adherence, stress dosing during illness, and recognizing early
symptoms. Supportive care includes monitoring for hypoglycemia, infection prevention, and
emotional support. Early intervention prevents adrenal crisis and life-threatening
complications. Continuous monitoring ensures patient safety and effective management.
8. How is adult Cushing’s syndrome managed?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Management includes treating the underlying cause (surgery,
medications), controlling cortisol levels, and managing comorbidities. Nurses monitor vital
, signs, blood glucose, electrolyte balance, and signs of infection. Patient education focuses on
medication adherence, recognizing complications, and lifestyle modifications. Supportive
care includes managing hypertension, hyperglycemia, emotional support, and wound care.
Early intervention reduces morbidity and prevents severe complications. Continuous
monitoring ensures stabilization and effective therapy. Collaboration with endocrinologists
ensures comprehensive care and follow-up.
9. What are the clinical features of adult hyperparathyroidism?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Hyperparathyroidism presents with hypercalcemia, kidney
stones, bone pain, fatigue, constipation, nausea, and depression. Nurses monitor serum
calcium, phosphate, renal function, and bone density. Management includes surgical removal
of the parathyroid gland if indicated, medications, and hydration. Patient education focuses
on hydration, recognizing symptoms of hypercalcemia, and medication adherence.
Supportive care includes pain management, fracture prevention, and monitoring for
complications. Early recognition prevents renal and skeletal complications. Continuous
monitoring ensures effective management and patient safety.
10. How is adult hypoparathyroidism managed?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Management includes calcium and vitamin D supplementation,
monitoring serum calcium, and treating symptoms of hypocalcemia. Nurses monitor vital
signs, ECG changes, neuromuscular irritability, and lab values. Patient education focuses on
medication adherence, dietary calcium intake, and recognizing signs of hypocalcemia.
Supportive care includes preventing seizures, tetany, and complications related to chronic
hypocalcemia. Early intervention improves quality of life and prevents acute crises.
Continuous monitoring ensures safe and effective management. Collaboration with
endocrinologists ensures individualized therapy.
11. What are the nursing priorities for a patient with adult acromegaly?
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅ Priorities include monitoring growth hormone levels, vital
signs, glucose levels, and symptoms related to organ enlargement. Nurses assess headaches,
visual changes, joint pain, and sleep apnea. Management includes surgery, medications
(somatostatin analogs), and radiotherapy if indicated. Patient education focuses on
medication adherence, recognizing complications, and post-operative care. Supportive care
includes pain management, cardiac monitoring, and psychological support. Early recognition
prevents severe complications such as cardiomyopathy. Continuous monitoring ensures
effective therapy and patient safety.
12. How is adult diabetes insipidus managed?
