Module 6.1 - Westward Expansion and American Indian Resistance
- West was originally associated with self-sufficiency and individual initiative, to make a means for
yourself
- Foreign British investment, government funds and legislation attracted the migration of people to,
and later development of the West.
- The Transcontinental Railroad helped connect the East and the West, allowing for more efficient
communication, leading to quicker industrialization in the West, and connecting distant farmers to
merchants and bigger businesses.
- American Indians kept getting pushed out of their homes, or the lands that the government set
aside for them.
- They were connected with nature, they believed that they weren’t more powerful than it, and had
their own different societies, beliefs and rituals among different tribes - why many of them never
agreed with each other and did not combine forces
- With the Treaty of Fort Laramie, American Indians were confined on a set land called the “Great
Reservation,” to keep white settlers from encroaching on that property and bring them out of the
picture for land to own.
- White farmers and settlers did not respect this treaty; fought with and murdered different tribes to
get their way - Sand Creek Massacre and Battle of Little Bighorn
- American Indians succumbed to military aggression and control of the United States, and a new
belief that American Indians should be assimilated into American culture emerged
- Dawes Act divided land into 160-acre plots for American Indians, so they were forced to provide
for themselves and their own families, rather than in a community, which went against most of
their beliefs
- Boarding schools for American Indian children emerged, posing as an opportunity for them to
receive education, but really attempting to influence these innocent children so that they adopted
American-European customs, and were basically, “white-washed.”
Module 6.2 - Industry in the West
- Mining and Lumber booms, big businesses emerged.
- Leading companies for railroad construction were the Union Pacific and the Central
Pacific Railroad Companies.
- Supported by the government to take the land, buying it out from certain farmers and
Native Americans, and then constructing the railroad right there and then.
- Discoveries of minerals like gold and silver in the West drew many mining businesses, miners,
and immigrants who wanted to make a fortune.
- Cities developed in the West with schools, theaters, churches, even though they were divided by
class
- Many women became prostitutes to make money and provide for themselves, they didn’t make
enough money as teachers, domestic laborers, etc.
- Cowboys were employed by larger businesses (cattle companies), for monthly wages, making a
1500-mile journey along the Chisholm Trail called the “Long Drive.”
- The Homestead Act was initiated and passed by the government, creating a system kind of like
indentured servitude, where people paid the government for 160 acre plots of lands so they could
settle there, grow crops and provide for their families.
, - Conditions weren’t always like what was depicted by advertisements and claims,
settlers had to find ways to work around weather conditions, the type of ground
they lived on, and what resources were available during that time, often
improving mechanization and technology
- Big businesses snatched the land from farmers during the 1880s when they couldn’t meet the
demand for what they supplied, demand>supply.
- Groups like the Mormons, Californios and Chinese moved to the west because of nativist
sentiments.
- Mormons migrated to Utah in order to escape religious persecution, believing that men could
have multiple wives at a time and the church was made for a whole group of people, rather than
just an individual
- Californios who initially lived in the Southwest were forced into lower positions, received lower
wages, worked longer hours, discriminated and forced into poverty.
- The Chinese moved to the West due to the Opium Wars in China. They were met with a LOT of
hate, racism and anti-Chinese sentiment, resulting in the Chinese exclusion act that banned
Chinese immigration and citizenship.
- Scott Act prohibited past-Chinese citizens from re-entering the United States in
1888.
Module 6.3 - The New South
- The term New South was used to describe the reformation of the Southern economy achieved
through modernization and industrialization with technologies and mechanization.
- South “tried,” to industrialize through the creation of railroads and textile mills, but the system of
sharecropping and tenant farming made sure that women and black people were at the lowest
status as possible
- Convict lease: system used by the government to furnish and supply African Americans prison
labor to plantation owners and industrialists; raised revenue for the states. It replaced slavery with
forced labor supply
- The Southern government implemented many tactics to find ways around the 13-15th
Amendments and place black people as second-class citizens.
- Poll tax was used so that the majority of black people couldn't vote, claiming that you had to pay
to cast your vote. They had little to no money because of lower wages and previous slave status.
- Literacy tests were implemented to determine if certain groups of people could vote. Only
benefited those - rich whites - who received proper education, not the majority of black people
who had inadequate resources and schooling.
- Jim Crow laws aimed DIRECTLY at black people, segregating them based on their race, and
limiting their freedom and privileges once granted by the US government.
- Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court ruling that upheld the legality of the Jim Crow legislation by
claiming that it didn’t violate the 14th Amendment as long as nobody was discriminated against
based on race and were kept “equal but separate.”
Module 6.4 - America Industrializes
- Industrialists who made great profit by dominating large industries were called robber barons,
barons being an important person, used as a derogatory term
- West was originally associated with self-sufficiency and individual initiative, to make a means for
yourself
- Foreign British investment, government funds and legislation attracted the migration of people to,
and later development of the West.
- The Transcontinental Railroad helped connect the East and the West, allowing for more efficient
communication, leading to quicker industrialization in the West, and connecting distant farmers to
merchants and bigger businesses.
- American Indians kept getting pushed out of their homes, or the lands that the government set
aside for them.
- They were connected with nature, they believed that they weren’t more powerful than it, and had
their own different societies, beliefs and rituals among different tribes - why many of them never
agreed with each other and did not combine forces
- With the Treaty of Fort Laramie, American Indians were confined on a set land called the “Great
Reservation,” to keep white settlers from encroaching on that property and bring them out of the
picture for land to own.
- White farmers and settlers did not respect this treaty; fought with and murdered different tribes to
get their way - Sand Creek Massacre and Battle of Little Bighorn
- American Indians succumbed to military aggression and control of the United States, and a new
belief that American Indians should be assimilated into American culture emerged
- Dawes Act divided land into 160-acre plots for American Indians, so they were forced to provide
for themselves and their own families, rather than in a community, which went against most of
their beliefs
- Boarding schools for American Indian children emerged, posing as an opportunity for them to
receive education, but really attempting to influence these innocent children so that they adopted
American-European customs, and were basically, “white-washed.”
Module 6.2 - Industry in the West
- Mining and Lumber booms, big businesses emerged.
- Leading companies for railroad construction were the Union Pacific and the Central
Pacific Railroad Companies.
- Supported by the government to take the land, buying it out from certain farmers and
Native Americans, and then constructing the railroad right there and then.
- Discoveries of minerals like gold and silver in the West drew many mining businesses, miners,
and immigrants who wanted to make a fortune.
- Cities developed in the West with schools, theaters, churches, even though they were divided by
class
- Many women became prostitutes to make money and provide for themselves, they didn’t make
enough money as teachers, domestic laborers, etc.
- Cowboys were employed by larger businesses (cattle companies), for monthly wages, making a
1500-mile journey along the Chisholm Trail called the “Long Drive.”
- The Homestead Act was initiated and passed by the government, creating a system kind of like
indentured servitude, where people paid the government for 160 acre plots of lands so they could
settle there, grow crops and provide for their families.
, - Conditions weren’t always like what was depicted by advertisements and claims,
settlers had to find ways to work around weather conditions, the type of ground
they lived on, and what resources were available during that time, often
improving mechanization and technology
- Big businesses snatched the land from farmers during the 1880s when they couldn’t meet the
demand for what they supplied, demand>supply.
- Groups like the Mormons, Californios and Chinese moved to the west because of nativist
sentiments.
- Mormons migrated to Utah in order to escape religious persecution, believing that men could
have multiple wives at a time and the church was made for a whole group of people, rather than
just an individual
- Californios who initially lived in the Southwest were forced into lower positions, received lower
wages, worked longer hours, discriminated and forced into poverty.
- The Chinese moved to the West due to the Opium Wars in China. They were met with a LOT of
hate, racism and anti-Chinese sentiment, resulting in the Chinese exclusion act that banned
Chinese immigration and citizenship.
- Scott Act prohibited past-Chinese citizens from re-entering the United States in
1888.
Module 6.3 - The New South
- The term New South was used to describe the reformation of the Southern economy achieved
through modernization and industrialization with technologies and mechanization.
- South “tried,” to industrialize through the creation of railroads and textile mills, but the system of
sharecropping and tenant farming made sure that women and black people were at the lowest
status as possible
- Convict lease: system used by the government to furnish and supply African Americans prison
labor to plantation owners and industrialists; raised revenue for the states. It replaced slavery with
forced labor supply
- The Southern government implemented many tactics to find ways around the 13-15th
Amendments and place black people as second-class citizens.
- Poll tax was used so that the majority of black people couldn't vote, claiming that you had to pay
to cast your vote. They had little to no money because of lower wages and previous slave status.
- Literacy tests were implemented to determine if certain groups of people could vote. Only
benefited those - rich whites - who received proper education, not the majority of black people
who had inadequate resources and schooling.
- Jim Crow laws aimed DIRECTLY at black people, segregating them based on their race, and
limiting their freedom and privileges once granted by the US government.
- Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court ruling that upheld the legality of the Jim Crow legislation by
claiming that it didn’t violate the 14th Amendment as long as nobody was discriminated against
based on race and were kept “equal but separate.”
Module 6.4 - America Industrializes
- Industrialists who made great profit by dominating large industries were called robber barons,
barons being an important person, used as a derogatory term
