Advanced Pathophysiology HESI study
questions
Terms in this set (100)
Following routine Ans: D Feedback: A polyp is a growth that projects from a
colonoscopy screening, a mucosal surface, such as the intestine. Although the term
client is told that he had usually implies a benign neoplasm, some malignant tumors
several polyps removed. The also appear as polyps. Adenomatous polyps are
client began crying stating, "I considered precursors to adenocarcinomas of the colon.
just can't deal with cancer. I'm
too young." The nurse
responds: A) "Don't worry.
We have some great cancer
doctors on staff. I'm sure
chemo will help you fight it."
B) "Maybe if you're lucky, they
have stopped it from
metastasizing to your liver."
C) "A simple intestinal
surgery will cure you." D)
"Most colon polyps are not
cancerous. The biopsy results
will direct your care."
A lung biopsy and magnetic Ans: A Feedback: Benign neoplasms typically grow by
resonance imaging have expansion rather than invasion. As well, they are usually
confirmed the presence of a contained within a fibrous capsule. Malignant tumors are
benign lung tumor in a client. associated with undifferentiated cells, metastasis, and
Which of the following infiltration of surrounding tissue.
characteristics is associated
with this client's neoplasm?
A) The tumor will grow by
expansion and is likely
encapsulated. B) The cells
that constitute the tumor are
undifferentiated, with atypical
structure. C) If left untreated,
the client's tumor is likely to
,metastasize. D) The tumor is
likely to infiltrate the lung
tissue that presently
surrounds it.
,3. A newly diagnosed lung Ans: C Feedback: Malignant tumors affect area tissues by
cancer client asks how his liberating enzymes and toxins that destroy tumor tissue and
tumor spread (metastasized) normal tissue. In addition, the malignant cells compress area
so fast without displaying vessels, causing ischemia and tissue necrosis. The high
many signs/symptoms. The metabolic rate of tumor growth causes the tumor to deprive
nurse responds that malignant the normal tissues of essential nutrients.
tumors affect area tissues by: A)
Increasing tissue blood flow
B) Providing essential
nutrients
C)Liberating enzymes and
toxinsD)Forming fibrous
membranes
A client had a positive Pap Ans: C Feedback: Cancer in situ is a localized preinvasive
smear. The surgeon lesion. As an example, in breast ductal carcinoma, in situ the
diagnosed "cancer in situ of cells have not crossed the basement membrane. Depending
the cervix." The client asks, on its location, an in situ lesion usually can be removed
"What does this mean?" From surgically or treated so that the chances of recurrence are
the following statements, small. For example, cancer in situ of the cervix is essentially
which is most appropriate in 100% curable.
response to this question?
The tumor has: A) Been
walled off within a strong
fibrous capsule
B) Developed a distant
infiltration C) Not crossed the
basement membrane, so it can
be surgically removed with
little chance of growing back
D) Grown undifferentiated
cells that no longer look like
the tissue from which it
arose
While studying to become Ans: B, C Feedback: One of the reasons cancerous
chemo-certified, the nurse tumors often seem to grow so rapidly relates to the size
reviews some basic concepts of the cell pool that is actively engaged in cycling. It has
about cancer cells. When a been shown that the cell cycle time of cancerous tissue
client asks about why the cells is not necessarily shorter than that of normal cells.
tumor grows so fast, the Rather, cancer cells do not die on schedule, and growth
nurse will respond based on factors prevent cells from exiting the cell cycle and
which of the following entering the G0 or noncycling phase. The ratio of dividing
physiological principles? cells to resting cells in a tissue mass is called the growth
, Select all that apply. A) Cancer fraction. The doubling time is the length of time it takes for
cells have shorter cell cycle the total mass of cells in a tumor to double. As the
times than normal cells. B) growth fraction increases, the doubling time decreases.
Cancer cells do not die When normal tissues reach their adult size, an equilibrium
when they are programmed between cell birth and cell death is reached. Cancer cells,
to die. C) Growth factors however, continue to divide until limitations in blood
prevents cancer cells from supply and nutrients inhibit their growth. When this occurs,
entering resting (G0) cell the doubling time for cancer cells decreases. The initial
cycle phase. D) Cancer cells growth rate is exponential and then tends to decrease
will reach a balance or flatten out over time.
between cell birth and cell
death rate. E) Cancer cells
never reach a flattened
growth rate.
Although growth rate is Ans: B
variable among types of Feedback:
bacteria, the growth of Bacterial growth is dependent upon the availability of
bacteria is dependent on: nutrients and physical growth conditions. Bacteria prefer to
A) Biofilm communication colonize as biofilm and communicate with other bacteria
B) Availability of nutrients
within the biofilm, but biofilm is not necessary for growth.
C) An intact protein capsid
Viruses (not bacteria) form a capsid. Although some bacteria
D) Individual cell motility
have projections for motility, these are not necessary for
growth.
questions
Terms in this set (100)
Following routine Ans: D Feedback: A polyp is a growth that projects from a
colonoscopy screening, a mucosal surface, such as the intestine. Although the term
client is told that he had usually implies a benign neoplasm, some malignant tumors
several polyps removed. The also appear as polyps. Adenomatous polyps are
client began crying stating, "I considered precursors to adenocarcinomas of the colon.
just can't deal with cancer. I'm
too young." The nurse
responds: A) "Don't worry.
We have some great cancer
doctors on staff. I'm sure
chemo will help you fight it."
B) "Maybe if you're lucky, they
have stopped it from
metastasizing to your liver."
C) "A simple intestinal
surgery will cure you." D)
"Most colon polyps are not
cancerous. The biopsy results
will direct your care."
A lung biopsy and magnetic Ans: A Feedback: Benign neoplasms typically grow by
resonance imaging have expansion rather than invasion. As well, they are usually
confirmed the presence of a contained within a fibrous capsule. Malignant tumors are
benign lung tumor in a client. associated with undifferentiated cells, metastasis, and
Which of the following infiltration of surrounding tissue.
characteristics is associated
with this client's neoplasm?
A) The tumor will grow by
expansion and is likely
encapsulated. B) The cells
that constitute the tumor are
undifferentiated, with atypical
structure. C) If left untreated,
the client's tumor is likely to
,metastasize. D) The tumor is
likely to infiltrate the lung
tissue that presently
surrounds it.
,3. A newly diagnosed lung Ans: C Feedback: Malignant tumors affect area tissues by
cancer client asks how his liberating enzymes and toxins that destroy tumor tissue and
tumor spread (metastasized) normal tissue. In addition, the malignant cells compress area
so fast without displaying vessels, causing ischemia and tissue necrosis. The high
many signs/symptoms. The metabolic rate of tumor growth causes the tumor to deprive
nurse responds that malignant the normal tissues of essential nutrients.
tumors affect area tissues by: A)
Increasing tissue blood flow
B) Providing essential
nutrients
C)Liberating enzymes and
toxinsD)Forming fibrous
membranes
A client had a positive Pap Ans: C Feedback: Cancer in situ is a localized preinvasive
smear. The surgeon lesion. As an example, in breast ductal carcinoma, in situ the
diagnosed "cancer in situ of cells have not crossed the basement membrane. Depending
the cervix." The client asks, on its location, an in situ lesion usually can be removed
"What does this mean?" From surgically or treated so that the chances of recurrence are
the following statements, small. For example, cancer in situ of the cervix is essentially
which is most appropriate in 100% curable.
response to this question?
The tumor has: A) Been
walled off within a strong
fibrous capsule
B) Developed a distant
infiltration C) Not crossed the
basement membrane, so it can
be surgically removed with
little chance of growing back
D) Grown undifferentiated
cells that no longer look like
the tissue from which it
arose
While studying to become Ans: B, C Feedback: One of the reasons cancerous
chemo-certified, the nurse tumors often seem to grow so rapidly relates to the size
reviews some basic concepts of the cell pool that is actively engaged in cycling. It has
about cancer cells. When a been shown that the cell cycle time of cancerous tissue
client asks about why the cells is not necessarily shorter than that of normal cells.
tumor grows so fast, the Rather, cancer cells do not die on schedule, and growth
nurse will respond based on factors prevent cells from exiting the cell cycle and
which of the following entering the G0 or noncycling phase. The ratio of dividing
physiological principles? cells to resting cells in a tissue mass is called the growth
, Select all that apply. A) Cancer fraction. The doubling time is the length of time it takes for
cells have shorter cell cycle the total mass of cells in a tumor to double. As the
times than normal cells. B) growth fraction increases, the doubling time decreases.
Cancer cells do not die When normal tissues reach their adult size, an equilibrium
when they are programmed between cell birth and cell death is reached. Cancer cells,
to die. C) Growth factors however, continue to divide until limitations in blood
prevents cancer cells from supply and nutrients inhibit their growth. When this occurs,
entering resting (G0) cell the doubling time for cancer cells decreases. The initial
cycle phase. D) Cancer cells growth rate is exponential and then tends to decrease
will reach a balance or flatten out over time.
between cell birth and cell
death rate. E) Cancer cells
never reach a flattened
growth rate.
Although growth rate is Ans: B
variable among types of Feedback:
bacteria, the growth of Bacterial growth is dependent upon the availability of
bacteria is dependent on: nutrients and physical growth conditions. Bacteria prefer to
A) Biofilm communication colonize as biofilm and communicate with other bacteria
B) Availability of nutrients
within the biofilm, but biofilm is not necessary for growth.
C) An intact protein capsid
Viruses (not bacteria) form a capsid. Although some bacteria
D) Individual cell motility
have projections for motility, these are not necessary for
growth.
