COUC 601 Quiz: Midterm | Questions and Answers | Fall 2025/26 Update | 100% Correct - Liberty University.

COUC 601 Quiz: Midterm | Questions and Answers | Fall 2025/26 Update | 100% Correct - Liberty University. Question 1 A major treatment strategy in behavioral couples therapy is to increase the rate of aversive control improve communication skills decrease positive control all of these choices Question 2 Internal family systems theorists use techniques such as from structural family therapy to help people get their polarized parts to deal with each other while blocking the interference of other parts. joining mapping interactions boundary making increasing intensity Question 3 The notions of complementarity, structuralism, and general systems theory are all embraced by which family theory? behavioral family therapy experiential family therapy communications family therapy structural family therapy Question 4 Jackson's concept, , that families are units that resist change, became the defining metaphor of family therapy's first three decades. emotional reactivity quid pro quo family homeostasis A and C Question 5 One of the major propositions put forth in Watzlawick et al. 's (1967) Pragmatics of Human Communication, was that all messages have a report and a function. semantic pragmatic paradoxical command Question 6 When two people marry, they must learn to negotiate the nature of the boundary between them, as well as the boundary separating them from the outside. This structural requirement is known as accommodation complementarity disengagement differentiation Question 7 The first to apply group concepts to family treatment was Murray Bowen John Elderkin Bell Virginia Satir Carl Whitaker Question 8 A biological model of living systems as whole entities which maintain themselves through continuous input and output from the environment, developed by Ludwig von Bertalanffy is known as systems theory cybernetics constructivism general systems theory Question 9 Psychoanalytic family therapy consists of four basic techniques listening, empathy, interpretation, and maintaining analytic neutrality facilitating emotional expression paradoxical directives re-storying Question 10 Masters and Johnson tend to lump sexual problems into which category of problem anxiety lack of motivation poor technique lack of information Question 11 Behavioral assessment methods fall into each of the following categories except which? clinical interview observation objective testing projective testing Question 12 According to self psychology, children are more likely to develop a secure and cohesive sense of self when parents provide sufficient opportunities for anaclitic introjection ego splits projective identification idealization Question 13 The idea that because the mind is so complex, it's better to study people's input and output (e.g., behavior and communication) than to speculate about what goes on in their minds is known as black box concept general systems theory paradox metacommunication Question 14 The only means to effectively escape a double bind is to withdraw from the relationship metacommunicate quid pro quo A and B Question 15 During which phase of structural family therapy does assessment occur? opening mapping underlying structure transformation of family structure structural therapists do not use assessments Question 16 The assessment stage in the behavioral treatment of sexual dysfunction involves scheduling a medical examination to rule out organic problems establishing goals for treatment conducting extensive interviews to determine the nature of the dysfunction all of these choices Question 17 The primary goals of family therapy included all except which of the following? enhanced sensitivity greater freedom of choice expanded emotional experiencing symptom relief Question 18 According to psychoanalytic theory, marital choice is affected in part by the phenomenon, in which the insecurely attached child grows up learning to hide their real needs and feelings to win approval. false self invisible loyalty introjective double-bind Question 19 In cases of common couple violence most feminist therapists think it best To treat couples together To treat them separately To see them together and separately To refer the case to a systemic couples therapist Question 20 Narrative therapy differs from solution-focused therapy in being more focused on than . exceptions; problems cognitions; interactions attitudes; behavior individuals; families Question 21 Kurt Lewin's idea of can be seen in action in Minuchin's promotion of crises in family lunch sessions, Norman Paul's use of cross-confrontations, and Peggy Papp's family choreography. unfreezing social equilibrium group process field theory Question 22 According to Bowen theory, more highly differentiated individuals will likely avoid the expression of intense emotions avoid contact with dysfunctional family members have parents who are well differentiated be firstborn children A and C Question 23 Minuchin, Rosman, and Baker (1978) reported a 90% improvement rate in the results of their treatment study of structural family therapy in treating drug addiction anxiety disorders depression anorexia Question 24 Basic change in the structure and functioning of a system is known in general systems theory as first-order change second-order change quid pro quo change paradoxical change Question 25 Behavioral marital therapists prefer to use to identify problems and understand their etiology. interviews written questionnaires direct observation B and C none of these choices Question 26 This family therapist believed in the existence of an interpersonal unconscious in every family. Murray Bowen Nathan Ackerman Ivan Boszormenyi-Nagy Virginia Satir Question 27 The outcome of good object relations in infancy is the emergence of anaclitic object constancy ambivalent attachment libidinal object constancy ego idealism Question 28 Structural therapists attempt to alter the family's view of reality by heightening emotional experiencing challenging cognitive constructions realigning boundaries between individuals and subsystems accommodating to the viewpoint of the most powerful family member Question 29 Jay Haley's approach incorporates a functionalist viewpoint with his Ericksonian and cybernetic influences, thus combining aspects of the and approaches into his style of treating families. structural/behavioral Bowenian/behavioral strategic/experiential structural/strategic Question 30 Selvini Palazzoli's technique of ascribing helpful motives to family behavior in order to promote family cohesion and avoid resistance to therapy is known as ordeal therapy mystification pretend technique positive connotation Question 31 By training family members in 3 areas--teaching differentiation, avoiding triangulation, and , Bowen therapists can enable a single individual to transform the whole network of his or her family system. avoiding expression of intense emotions reopening cut-off family relationships increasing contact with dysfunctional family members all of these choices Question 32 A paradoxical technique that forces a patient to either give up a symptom or admit that it is under voluntary control is known as a positive connotation scapegoating an ordeal prescribing the symptom Question 33 Lyman Wynne's term for the facade of family harmony that characterized many schizophrenic families is pseudocomplementarity pseudomutuality pseudoharmony pseudohostility Question 34 Psychoanalytic family therapists pay particular interest to childhood memories when they feel family members' need reassurance and direction family members' associations and spontaneous interactions cease they are re-enacted in the present, manifested as transference none of these choices Question 35 Among experientialists, families are typically conceived of and treated as groups of individuals systems parent and child subsystems none of these choices Question 36 The behavioral parent training model focuses on triadic constructions of the identified problem aims to restructure the family hierarchy and generational boundaries requires that the entire family to attend therapy supports the parents' view that the child is the problem Question 37 A family therapist who begins a session by greeting individual family members by name and asking for each person's view of the problem is demonstrating which strategy? boundary making highlighting the interactions accommodating joining Question 38 Which phenomena are not a focus of cybernetics, as applied to families? sequences of interaction family hierarchy family rules negative feedback Question 39 A balanced steady state of equilibrium is known as metacommunication homeostasis morphogenesis equifinality Question 40 The general goals of psychoanalytic family therapy include all except resolution of unconscious conflict anaclitic object constancy differentiation separation-individuation Question 41 MRI therapists identify 3 categories of client solutions which tend to perpetuate or exacerbate their problems. They include attempting to solve something which isn't really a problem, taking action to solve a problem but doing so at the wrong level, and complying with a paradoxical directive failing to take action, though action is necessary denying that a problem exists B and C none of these choices Question 42 Experiential therapy differs from most systems approaches with respect to its emphasis on versus techniques that specifically facilitate interaction. expanding experience improving problem solving restructuring the family hierarchy metacommunication Question 43 The tendency of families to resist change in order to maintain a steady state is known as homeostasis the black box concept paradox complementarity Question 44 An essential role of an internal family systems therapist is to educate family members about internal positive feedback loops help family members notice when their parts have taken over solve the family's presenting problem reposition the family hierarchy Question 45 An important concept in experiential family therapy--defined as the process of developing and fulfilling one's innate, positive potentialities. differentiation of self alienation from experience constructivism self-actualization Question 46 An emotional reaction, usually unconscious and often distorted, on the part of the therapist to a patient or family member in treatment is known as transference countertransference projective identification introjection Question 47 The internal family systems therapist uses or sense of when people are and are not leading with their Selves, to help family members maintain Self-leadership as they interact. an analytic third ear a parts detector a quid pro quo metacommunication Question 48 According to object relations theory, both and will likely result in poor adult adjustment. inadequate separation-individuation; introjection of pathological objects repression of aggressive and libidinal impulses; inadequate separation-individuation introjection of pathological objects; enmeshment with family of origin enmeshment with family of origin; repression of aggressive and libidinal impulses inadequate separation-individuation; repression of aggressive and libidinal impulses Question 49 A collection of beliefs based on a distortion of historical reality and shared by all family members, which help shape the rules governing family functioning are known as family rules invisible loyalties family myths none of these choices Question 50 The goal of a first interview with a family is to develop an alliance with the family and: To determine if medication is indicated To get a detailed picture of the identified patient To develop a tentative hypothesis about the what is maintaining the problem To consider whether or not to take the case Question 51 Johnson and Greenberg have found that emotionally-focused couples therapy is more successful when the therapist first and then , in that order. softens the attacking spouse's stance; engages the withdrawn spouse engages the withdrawn spouse; softens the attacking spouse's stance facilitates an enactment; encourages expression of secondary emotions encourages expression of secondary emotions; facilitates an enactment Question 52 A technique used by the Milan group that prescribes a specific act for family members to perform-- it is designed to change the family system's rules. circular questioning pretend technique positive connotation family ritual Question 53 Assessments conducted in behavioral marriage therapy are designed to evaluate couples on all except which of the following: their ability to discuss relationship problems the manner in which reward and punishment are exchanged their capacity for whole object relationships skill at pinpointing relevant reinforcers in the relationship Question 54 An increase in chronic anxiety in the nuclear family system will tend to less differentiated families, while it will more highly differentiated families. be absorbed by/promote growth in promote growth in/be absorbed by cause an increase in symptoms in/be absorbed by cause a decrease in symptoms in/promote growth in Question 55 Laing's concept that many families distort their children's experience by denying or relabeling it is known as introjection metacommunication reframing mystification Question 56 Systematic desensitization and assertive training are both examples of techniques. operant conditioning cognitive/affective respondent conditioning aversion Question 57 A primary goal of communications family therapy was to foster insight negatively reinforce symptoms promote individuation of family members interrupt dysfunctional feedback loops Question 58 The authors recommend. _ A brief follow-up a few weeks after termination Asking family members how they will handle challenges in the future Allowing families to determine when therapy should end All of the above Question 59 is considered more important by experiential therapists for healthy family functioning than either problem-solving skills or functional family structure. open, spontaneous experiencing insight symptom relief none of these choices Question 60 A non-verbal experiential technique, in which family members position themselves in a tableau that reveals significant aspects of their perceptions and feelings, is known as existential encounter family sculpting family ritual conjoint family drawing Question 61 In Bowen theory, this is a process wherein the projection of varying degrees of immaturity to different children in the same family occurs. The child who is most involved in the family emerges with the lowest level of differentiation, and passes on problems to succeeding generations. societal emotional process family projection process nuclear family emotional process multigenerational transmission process Question 62 According to psychoanalytic perspectives, one's choice of marital partner is based on the desire to maximize "rewards" and minimize "costs" of the relationship one's level of differentiation of self, and similar levels of differentiation in the families of origin complementary styles of communication one's desire to find someone with complementary needs who will fulfill one's unconscious fantasies Question 63 A conflict created when a person receives contradictory messages on different levels of abstraction in an important relationship, and cannot leave or comment is known as a reframe complementarity quid pro quo double bind Question 64 A behavioral technique using to eliminate behavior by not reinforcing it is known as punishment assertive training contingency contracting extinction Question 65 The Bateson group may be best remembered for the concepts of the double bind and triangles family structure group process metacommunication Question 66 Experiential family therapy is designed to interpret and work through unconscious conflicts increase family members' levels of differentiation of self facilitate emotional experiencing in family members none of these choices Question 67 Three types of sexual dysfunction identified by Helen Singer Kaplan, which correspond to three stages of the sexual response include arousal disorders, orgasm disorders, and premature ejaculation organic disorders disorders of desire none of these choices Question 68 Non-psychoanalytic family therapists locate problems between people; psychoanalytic family therapists identify problems people. within between within and between none of these choices Question 69 Unlike , psychoanalytic clinicians may not complete their assessment or arrive at a final diagnosis until the end of treatment. experientialists behaviorists structuralists B and C Question 70 According to the text, one problem with treating families as though they were groups like any other group is that it fails to consider the intrapsychic components of family problems it fails to appreciate the need for hierarchy and structure family members are released from their inhibitions there is no problem with treating families like any other group Question 71 A conflict created when a person receives contradictory messages on different levels of abstraction is known as a reframe double bind complementary message quid pro quo Question 72 With the exception of the feminist critique, what has been largely missing in family therapy has been an examination of cultural biases the society we are helping people fit into value systems all of these choices Question 73 The use of high-probability behavior to reinforce low-probability behavior is known as aversive control Premack principle shaping modeling Question 74 The authors suggest developing a tentative hypothesis about a family's problem: After exploring the presenting complain After the first session After the initial phone call During the first few sessions Question 75 From a Bowenian perspective, optimal development in the family occurs when all members are relatively differentiated, anxiety is low, and parents form an executive subsystem cut-off from dysfunctional family members avoid heightened emotionality remain in emotional contact with their families of origin Question 76 The development and use of "pretend techniques," paradoxical interventions in which family members are asked to pretend to engage in symptomatic behavior, is associated with which strategic/systemic therapist? Mara Selvini Palazzoli Virginia Satir Cloe Madanes all of these choices Question 77 is another method of modifying interactions, which structural therapists use to help family members employ more functional alternatives already in their repertoire of skills. Positive connotations Shaping competence Detriangling Operant conditioning Question 78 Boundaries around the executive subsystem in the family are of particular importance because the family is seen by structural therapists as crucial to the family's well-being. network hierarchy life cycle quid pro quo Question 79 In order to discern a family's structure two things are necessary: a theoretical system that explains structure and family members' self-reports live observation a structured assessment interview none of these choices Question 80 Communications family therapists hypothesized that normal families can maintain integrity in the face of environmental vagaries through positive feedback negative feedback metacommunication therapeutic double-binds Question 81 In order to highlight and modify interactions in the family, structural therapists use intensity to interrupt rigid patterns of conflict-avoidance break families loose from their patterns of equilibrium extend interactional sequences beyond the point where dysfunctional homeostasis is reinstated all of these choices Question 82 The Bateson group may be best remembered for the concepts of the double bind and metacommunication family structure group processes triangles Question 83 Disengaged subsystems are surrounded by boundaries while subsystems have boundaries. rigid, enmeshed, diffuse executive, rigid, enmeshed rigid, executive, diffuse rigid, diffuse, enmeshed Question 84 A method of interviewing developed by the Milan associates in which questions are asked to highlight differences among family members, is known as a therapeutic double-bind circular questioning positive connotation a family ritual Question 85 The major intent of behavioral exchange procedures is to help couples with severe marital problems establish reinforcement reciprocity resolve sexual arousal disorders evaluate treatment outcome Question 86 Gregory Bateson and his colleagues at Palo Alto introduced this concept to describe the patterns of disturbed family communication which cause schizophrenia. schizophrenogenesis double bind pseudohostility none of these choices Question 87 At termination a family therapist should _ Explore the therapeutic relationship Resolve the therapeutic relationship Focus on the things the family has learned Focus on what the family has been doing Question 88 The current form of Haley/Madanes therapy is called , and still involves giving directives based on therapist hypotheses, though shifting the focus away from the power elements of family hierarchy. post-modern strategism positive strategism strategic humanism none of these choices Question 89 All of these choices schools have for their goals of therapy both symptom resolution and transformation in the whole family system, except which? MRI experiential Bowenian structural Question 90 The central premise of Bowen theory is that unresolved must be resolved before one can differentiate a mature, healthy personality. oedipal conflicts emotional experiencing emotional reactivity to one's family of origin attachment deficits Question 91 Both strategic and Milan systemic therapies aim to achieve personality change through use of reframing use of circular questioning hierarchical restructuring use of various paradoxical techniques none of these choices Question 92 According to behaviorists, disturbed marital interactions result from low rates of positive reinforcement exchange positive expectancies low rates of aversive control none of these choices Question 93 Constructivism first found its way into psychotherapy in the work of Paul Watzlawick Kenneth Gergen George Kelly Michael White Question 94 The goals of experiential family therapy would not include increased personal integrity greater freedom of choice restructuring of the family system increased sensitivity to one's needs and feelings Question 95 According to feminist Bowenians, causes the most problems in American families. patriarchy domestic violence emotional fusion A and C Question 96 Which is not a concept of von Bertalanffy's general systems theory? "black box" metaphor a system is more than the sum of its parts equifinality homeostatic reactivity Question 97 The goal of internal family systems therapy is to experience unique outcomes achieve self-leadership de-triangulate B and C Question 98 The primary goal of Bowen family therapy is to heighten emotional experiencing in family members increase the family's repertoire of problem-solving skills improve communication between family members increase the level of self-focus in family members Question 99 Along with the achievement of insight, the processes of "working through" and are considered three specific processes that facilitate change in psychodynamic therapy. reintegrating split-off parts of the ego sublimation reciprocal introjection warding off of libidinal and aggressive impulses Question 100 An interaction stimulated in structural family therapy in order to observe and then change transactions which make up family structure is called a positive connotation a spontaneous behavior exchange a reframing an enactment