TESTBANK
o
,Chapter 1: Cell Adaptation, Injury and Death
o o o o o o
Ischemia and other toxic injuries increase the accumulation of intracellular calcium as a result of:
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
1.
A) release of stored calcium from the mitochondria.
o o o o o o
B) improved intracellular volume regulation. o o o
C) decreased influx across the cell membrane. o o o o o
D) attraction of calcium to fatty infiltrates. o o o o o
The patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe of his liver.
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
2. Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to
o o oftheremaininglivercells.
o o o o o o o o o o o o o
A) metaplasia
B) organ atrophy o
C) compensatory hyperplasia o
o o D) physiologic hypertrophy o
A person eating peanuts starts choking and collapses. His airway obstruction is partially
o o o o o o o o o o o o
cleared, but he remains hypoxic until hereaches the hospital. Theprolonged cell hypoxia
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
3. caused a cerebral infarction and resulting
o o o in the brain. o o o o o o
A) caspase activation o
B) coagulation necrosis o
C) rapid phagocytosis o
D) protein p53 deficiency o o
Bacteria and viruses cause cell damage by
o o o o o o o , which is unique fromtheintracellular
o o o o o o
4. damage caused by other injurious agents.
o o o o o o
A) disrupting the sodium/potassium ATPase pump o o o o
B) interrupting oxidative metabolism processes o o o
o o C) replicating and producing continued injury o o o o
D) decreasing protein synthesis and function o o o o
The patient has a prolonged interruption in arterial blood flow to his left kidney, causing hypoxic cell
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
5. injury and the release of free radicals. Free radicals damage cells by:
o o o o o o o o o o o o
A) destroying phospholipids in the cell membrane. o o o o o
B) altering the immune response of the cell. o o o o o o
C) disrupting calcium storage in the cell. o o o o o
D) inactivation of enzymes and mitochondria. o o o o
6. Injured cells have impaired flow of substances through the cell membrane as a result of:
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
A) increased fat load. o o
, B) altered permeability. o
C) altered glucose utilization. o o
D) increased surface receptors. o o
7. Reversible adaptive intracellular responses are initiated by:
o o o o o o
A) stimulus overload. o
B) genetic mutations. o
C) chemical messengers. o
D) mitochondrial DNA. o
8. Injured cells become very swollen as a result of:
o o o o o o o o
A) increased cell protein synthesis. o o o
B) altered cell volume regulation. o o o
C) passive entry of potassium into the cell. o o o o o o
D) bleb formation in the plasma membrane.
o o o o o
Adiabetic patient has impaired sensation, circulation, and oxygenation of his feet. He steps on a
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
piece of glass, the wound does not heal, and the area tissue becomes necrotic. The necrotic cell
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
9. death is characterized by:
o o o o
A) rapid apoptosis. o
B) cellular rupture. o
C) shrinkage and collapse. o o
D) chronic inflammation. o
A 99-year-old woman has experienced the decline of cell function associated with age. A group of
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
10. theories of cellular aging focus on programmed:
o o o o o o o
A) changes with genetic influences. o o o
B) elimination of cell receptor sites. o o o o
C) insufficient telomerase enzyme. o o
o o D) DNA mutation or faulty repair. o o o o
An 89-year-old female patient has experienced significant decreases in her mobility and stamina
o o o o o o o o o o o o
during a 3-week hospital stay for the treatment of a femoral head fracture. Which of
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
the following phenomena most likely accounts for the patients decrease in muscle function that
o o o o o o o o o o o o o
11. underlies her reduced mobility?
o o o o
A) Impaired muscle cell metabolism resulting from metaplasia o o o o o o
B) Dysplasia as a consequence of inflammation during bone remodeling o o o o o o o o
C) Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
o o o o o o o o o o
D) Ischemic atrophy resulting from vascular changes while on bedrest o o o o o o o o
, A 20-year-old college student has presented to her campus medical clinic for a scheduled
o o o o o o o o o o o o o
Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. The clinician who will interpret the smear will examine cell samples
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
12. for evidence of:
o o o
A) changes in cell shape, size, and organization. o o o o o o
B) the presence of unexpected cell types.
o o o o o
o o C) ischemic changes in cell samples. o o o o
D) abnormally high numbers of cells in a specified field. o o o o o o o o
Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to result in metastatic
o o o o o o o o o o o o
o o 13. calcification?
o
A) Benign prostatic hyperplasia o o
B) Liver cirrhosis o
C) Impaired glycogen metabolism o o
D) Hyperparathyroidism
Despite the low levels of radiation used in contemporary radiologic imaging, a radiology
o o o o o o o o o o o o
technician is aware ofthe need to minimize her exposure to ionizing radiation. What is the primary
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
14. rationale for the technicians precautions?
o o o o o
A) Radiation stimulates pathologic cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia. o o o o o o
B) Radiation results in the accumulation of endogenous waste products in the cytoplasm.
o o o o o o o o o o o
C) Radiation interferes with DNA synthesis and mitosis. o o o o o o
D) Radiation decreases the action potential of rapidly dividing cells. o o o o o o o o
The parents of a 4-year-old girl have sought care because their daughter has admitted to chewing
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
and swallowing imported toy figurines that have been determined to be made of lead. Which of the
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
15. following blood tests should the care team prioritize?
o o o o o o o o
o o A) White blood cell levels with differential o o o o o
B) Red blood cell levels and morphology
o o o o o
C) Urea and creatinine levels
o o o
D) Liver function panel o o
A 70-year-old male patient has been admitted to a hospital for the treatment of a recent
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
hemorrhagic stroke that has left him with numerous motor and sensory deficits. These deficits are
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
16. most likely the result of which of the following mechanisms of cell injury?
o o o o o o o o o o o o o
A) Free radical injury o o
B) Hypoxia and ATP depletion o o o
C) Interference with DNA synthesis o o o
D) Impaired calcium homeostasis o o
o
,Chapter 1: Cell Adaptation, Injury and Death
o o o o o o
Ischemia and other toxic injuries increase the accumulation of intracellular calcium as a result of:
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
1.
A) release of stored calcium from the mitochondria.
o o o o o o
B) improved intracellular volume regulation. o o o
C) decreased influx across the cell membrane. o o o o o
D) attraction of calcium to fatty infiltrates. o o o o o
The patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe of his liver.
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
2. Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to
o o oftheremaininglivercells.
o o o o o o o o o o o o o
A) metaplasia
B) organ atrophy o
C) compensatory hyperplasia o
o o D) physiologic hypertrophy o
A person eating peanuts starts choking and collapses. His airway obstruction is partially
o o o o o o o o o o o o
cleared, but he remains hypoxic until hereaches the hospital. Theprolonged cell hypoxia
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
3. caused a cerebral infarction and resulting
o o o in the brain. o o o o o o
A) caspase activation o
B) coagulation necrosis o
C) rapid phagocytosis o
D) protein p53 deficiency o o
Bacteria and viruses cause cell damage by
o o o o o o o , which is unique fromtheintracellular
o o o o o o
4. damage caused by other injurious agents.
o o o o o o
A) disrupting the sodium/potassium ATPase pump o o o o
B) interrupting oxidative metabolism processes o o o
o o C) replicating and producing continued injury o o o o
D) decreasing protein synthesis and function o o o o
The patient has a prolonged interruption in arterial blood flow to his left kidney, causing hypoxic cell
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
5. injury and the release of free radicals. Free radicals damage cells by:
o o o o o o o o o o o o
A) destroying phospholipids in the cell membrane. o o o o o
B) altering the immune response of the cell. o o o o o o
C) disrupting calcium storage in the cell. o o o o o
D) inactivation of enzymes and mitochondria. o o o o
6. Injured cells have impaired flow of substances through the cell membrane as a result of:
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
A) increased fat load. o o
, B) altered permeability. o
C) altered glucose utilization. o o
D) increased surface receptors. o o
7. Reversible adaptive intracellular responses are initiated by:
o o o o o o
A) stimulus overload. o
B) genetic mutations. o
C) chemical messengers. o
D) mitochondrial DNA. o
8. Injured cells become very swollen as a result of:
o o o o o o o o
A) increased cell protein synthesis. o o o
B) altered cell volume regulation. o o o
C) passive entry of potassium into the cell. o o o o o o
D) bleb formation in the plasma membrane.
o o o o o
Adiabetic patient has impaired sensation, circulation, and oxygenation of his feet. He steps on a
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
piece of glass, the wound does not heal, and the area tissue becomes necrotic. The necrotic cell
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
9. death is characterized by:
o o o o
A) rapid apoptosis. o
B) cellular rupture. o
C) shrinkage and collapse. o o
D) chronic inflammation. o
A 99-year-old woman has experienced the decline of cell function associated with age. A group of
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
10. theories of cellular aging focus on programmed:
o o o o o o o
A) changes with genetic influences. o o o
B) elimination of cell receptor sites. o o o o
C) insufficient telomerase enzyme. o o
o o D) DNA mutation or faulty repair. o o o o
An 89-year-old female patient has experienced significant decreases in her mobility and stamina
o o o o o o o o o o o o
during a 3-week hospital stay for the treatment of a femoral head fracture. Which of
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
the following phenomena most likely accounts for the patients decrease in muscle function that
o o o o o o o o o o o o o
11. underlies her reduced mobility?
o o o o
A) Impaired muscle cell metabolism resulting from metaplasia o o o o o o
B) Dysplasia as a consequence of inflammation during bone remodeling o o o o o o o o
C) Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
o o o o o o o o o o
D) Ischemic atrophy resulting from vascular changes while on bedrest o o o o o o o o
, A 20-year-old college student has presented to her campus medical clinic for a scheduled
o o o o o o o o o o o o o
Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. The clinician who will interpret the smear will examine cell samples
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
12. for evidence of:
o o o
A) changes in cell shape, size, and organization. o o o o o o
B) the presence of unexpected cell types.
o o o o o
o o C) ischemic changes in cell samples. o o o o
D) abnormally high numbers of cells in a specified field. o o o o o o o o
Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to result in metastatic
o o o o o o o o o o o o
o o 13. calcification?
o
A) Benign prostatic hyperplasia o o
B) Liver cirrhosis o
C) Impaired glycogen metabolism o o
D) Hyperparathyroidism
Despite the low levels of radiation used in contemporary radiologic imaging, a radiology
o o o o o o o o o o o o
technician is aware ofthe need to minimize her exposure to ionizing radiation. What is the primary
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
14. rationale for the technicians precautions?
o o o o o
A) Radiation stimulates pathologic cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia. o o o o o o
B) Radiation results in the accumulation of endogenous waste products in the cytoplasm.
o o o o o o o o o o o
C) Radiation interferes with DNA synthesis and mitosis. o o o o o o
D) Radiation decreases the action potential of rapidly dividing cells. o o o o o o o o
The parents of a 4-year-old girl have sought care because their daughter has admitted to chewing
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
and swallowing imported toy figurines that have been determined to be made of lead. Which of the
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
15. following blood tests should the care team prioritize?
o o o o o o o o
o o A) White blood cell levels with differential o o o o o
B) Red blood cell levels and morphology
o o o o o
C) Urea and creatinine levels
o o o
D) Liver function panel o o
A 70-year-old male patient has been admitted to a hospital for the treatment of a recent
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
hemorrhagic stroke that has left him with numerous motor and sensory deficits. These deficits are
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
16. most likely the result of which of the following mechanisms of cell injury?
o o o o o o o o o o o o o
A) Free radical injury o o
B) Hypoxia and ATP depletion o o o
C) Interference with DNA synthesis o o o
D) Impaired calcium homeostasis o o
