AMCA EKG EXAMINATION TEST 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◉ What is the heart? Answer: The heart is the muscle responsible
for the process by which blood is pumped throughout the body. The
journey begins through two large veins, the inferior and superior
vena cava which returns deoxygenated blood to the heart.
Deoxygenated blood arrives at the right atrium, also known as the
upper right chamber of the heart. The blood then continues on its
way through the tricuspid valve which leads to the Right Ventricle.
Once the right ventricle contracts the blood then flows towards the
pulmonary valve, and finally the pulmonary arteries. The
deoxygenated blood is then transported to the lungs, where the
carbon dioxide is removed from the blood and replaced with oxygen
via the pulmonary alveolar capillary network. After this exchange,
the blood travels back though the pulmonary veins towards the left
atrium, the upper chamber of the heart. After passing through the
bicuspid or mitral valve, the blood enters the Left Ventricle. Once the
Left Ventricle contracts the blood flows through the aortic valve
exiting to the aorta where it is transported throughout the various
arteries of the circulatory system. After this process the blood
returns to the heart through various peripheral veins that lead back
to the Superior and Inferior Vena Cava starting the process over.
◉ Pericardium Answer: The layer or sac that surrounds the heart.
,◉ Myocardium Answer: The middle layer.
◉ Endocardium Answer: The innermost layer.
◉ Epicardium Answer: The top layer.
◉ Conduction System of the Heart Answer: The heart consists of
three layers: the pericardium, the myocardium, the epicardium and
the endocardium. Located within the myocardium is the electrical
conduction system. This is the system responsible for the regulation
of the pumping action of the heart, as well as the conduction of the
electrical impulses that causes the myocardium to contract. Cardiac
depolarization and repolarization occur when these electrical
impulses develop and spread through the myocardium. The rate and
rhythm of the heart are controlled by pacemaker cells, an essential
part of the conduction system. These cells, also known as cardiac
muscle cells, can be characterized by any of the following terms:
excitability, conductivity, contractility, and automaticity.
◉ How does the conduction system work? Answer: The conduction
system begins in the sinoatrial (SA) node, or the pacemaker. Here,
the impulse is initiated, and then travels through the intermodal
pathway, passing through several passages such as the interatrial
and interventricular septums, finally ending in the Purkinje fibers in
the ventricular myocardium. Depolarization and repolarization both
, occur as the impulse travels through the conduction system,
followed by the contraction, or systole; and relaxation, or diastole of
the myocardium.
◉ Myocardial infarction Answer: Commonly known as a heart
attack, is a term that refers to an obstruction to the myocardial
tissue. This obstruction causes an interruption of the blood supply
to part of the heart which causes the heart cells to die.
◉ Myocardial ischemia Answer: Also known as angina, is a condition
caused by a lack of oxygen-rich blood in the heart.
◉ Arrhythmia Answer: A term used to refer to any disorder of your
heart rate or rhythm.
◉ Fundamentals of the Electrocardiogram Answer: An
electrocardiogram, also known as the ECG or EKG, is a tool used to
record the electrical activity of the heart. An electrocardiograph is a
device that amplifies low-voltage electric impulses detected on the
skin and produces a printed record of that electrical activity. These
electrical impulses show up on a cardiac monitor known as the
oscilloscope. In order to perform an electrocardiogram, it is
necessary to place electrodes, adhesive pads containing a conductive
gel, on the patient's skin. These electrodes are attached to leads,
color-coded wires that connect to the electrocardiograph.
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◉ What is the heart? Answer: The heart is the muscle responsible
for the process by which blood is pumped throughout the body. The
journey begins through two large veins, the inferior and superior
vena cava which returns deoxygenated blood to the heart.
Deoxygenated blood arrives at the right atrium, also known as the
upper right chamber of the heart. The blood then continues on its
way through the tricuspid valve which leads to the Right Ventricle.
Once the right ventricle contracts the blood then flows towards the
pulmonary valve, and finally the pulmonary arteries. The
deoxygenated blood is then transported to the lungs, where the
carbon dioxide is removed from the blood and replaced with oxygen
via the pulmonary alveolar capillary network. After this exchange,
the blood travels back though the pulmonary veins towards the left
atrium, the upper chamber of the heart. After passing through the
bicuspid or mitral valve, the blood enters the Left Ventricle. Once the
Left Ventricle contracts the blood flows through the aortic valve
exiting to the aorta where it is transported throughout the various
arteries of the circulatory system. After this process the blood
returns to the heart through various peripheral veins that lead back
to the Superior and Inferior Vena Cava starting the process over.
◉ Pericardium Answer: The layer or sac that surrounds the heart.
,◉ Myocardium Answer: The middle layer.
◉ Endocardium Answer: The innermost layer.
◉ Epicardium Answer: The top layer.
◉ Conduction System of the Heart Answer: The heart consists of
three layers: the pericardium, the myocardium, the epicardium and
the endocardium. Located within the myocardium is the electrical
conduction system. This is the system responsible for the regulation
of the pumping action of the heart, as well as the conduction of the
electrical impulses that causes the myocardium to contract. Cardiac
depolarization and repolarization occur when these electrical
impulses develop and spread through the myocardium. The rate and
rhythm of the heart are controlled by pacemaker cells, an essential
part of the conduction system. These cells, also known as cardiac
muscle cells, can be characterized by any of the following terms:
excitability, conductivity, contractility, and automaticity.
◉ How does the conduction system work? Answer: The conduction
system begins in the sinoatrial (SA) node, or the pacemaker. Here,
the impulse is initiated, and then travels through the intermodal
pathway, passing through several passages such as the interatrial
and interventricular septums, finally ending in the Purkinje fibers in
the ventricular myocardium. Depolarization and repolarization both
, occur as the impulse travels through the conduction system,
followed by the contraction, or systole; and relaxation, or diastole of
the myocardium.
◉ Myocardial infarction Answer: Commonly known as a heart
attack, is a term that refers to an obstruction to the myocardial
tissue. This obstruction causes an interruption of the blood supply
to part of the heart which causes the heart cells to die.
◉ Myocardial ischemia Answer: Also known as angina, is a condition
caused by a lack of oxygen-rich blood in the heart.
◉ Arrhythmia Answer: A term used to refer to any disorder of your
heart rate or rhythm.
◉ Fundamentals of the Electrocardiogram Answer: An
electrocardiogram, also known as the ECG or EKG, is a tool used to
record the electrical activity of the heart. An electrocardiograph is a
device that amplifies low-voltage electric impulses detected on the
skin and produces a printed record of that electrical activity. These
electrical impulses show up on a cardiac monitor known as the
oscilloscope. In order to perform an electrocardiogram, it is
necessary to place electrodes, adhesive pads containing a conductive
gel, on the patient's skin. These electrodes are attached to leads,
color-coded wires that connect to the electrocardiograph.
