CLEP Western Civilization 1 Actual Exam
Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct
The Peloponnesian League - ANSWER -To keep order within the polis and
protect themselves from outside threats, Spartans formed this system of alliances,
which was joined by nearly all of the poleis in the Peloponnesus.
Phratries - ANSWER -Brotherhoods into which the people of Athens were
divided.
Areopagus - ANSWER -A council of wealthy Athenian aristocrats who ruled the
phratries.
Archons - ANSWER -9 of these magistrates were annually elected to guide the
administration of the Athenian polis, and became members of the Aeropagus once
their term expired.
Cylon - ANSWER -An Athenian noble who tried to create order by establishing
himself as a tyrant in 632 B.C.E. He was defeated by his aristocratic rivals.
Draco - ANSWER -An Athenian tyrant temporarily elected in 621 B.C.E. to
establish a law code.
Solon - ANSWER -An Athenian archon elected to institute laws to help with the
social and economic instability in Athens in 594 B.C.E. Known for the constitution
he created.
The Boule - ANSWER -An Athenian council made up of 400 members, instituted
by Solon.
The Ekklesia - ANSWER -An Athenian general assembly instituted by Solon.
Peisistratus - ANSWER -An Athenian nobleman who seized power during Solon's
reign, ruling from 546-527 B.C.E. He was a benevolent dictator who funded public
works and instituting new religious festivals.
Agora - ANSWER -"Marketplace" where the Boule met.
, Cleisthenes - ANSWER -Tyrant of Athens around 508 B.C.E. Replaced the
phrarites with the demes, or townships. Changed the four tribes of Athens to ten
tribes that were made up of the demes. Replaced the Council of 400 with a Council
of 500, which was made up of fifty elected officials from each tribe.
Ostracism - ANSWER -A practice of the Athenians to send an individual into
exile for ten years if they were determined to be a potential political threat.
The Delian League - ANSWER -A naval alliance founded in 478 B.C.E. on the
isle of Delos. Included well over one hundred poleis. Most of the ships were
provided by the Athenians. Eventually transformed into the Athenian Empire.
Pericles - ANSWER -(495-429 B.C.E., approximate.) An Athenian statesman
whose legislation helped make Athens a democracy. Issued the construction of the
Parthenon, a temple to Athena on the Acropolis.
The Peloponnesian War - ANSWER -(431-404 B.C.E.) Sparta hoped to break the
power of Athens and gain absolute rule of the divided Greek empire. Spartans
besieged Athens for many years, and finally an epidemic within the city killed
many Athenian people, including Pericles. Without his leadership, Athens lacked
stability. Finally, in 404 B.C.E., they surrendered.
Hesiod - ANSWER -(c. 700 B.C.E.) Author of "Work and Days", which describes
the hard life of the small farmer, and of the "Theogony", which describes the births
of the gods and their legends.
Archilochus - ANSWER -(7th century B.C.E.) a famous Greek lyricist who
pioneered the new poetic form.
Pindar - ANSWER -(518-438 B.C.E.) a Greek who wrote odes of victory for
athletic contests.
Sappho of Lesbos - ANSWER -(7th century B.C.E.) a Greek who wrote love
poems describing her own feelings of attraction for other women.
Aeschylus - ANSWER -(525-456 B.C.E., approximate) An Ancient Greek
tragedian. His plays were profoundly moral and religious, focusing on the vice of
hubris, or pride, by which individuals call down nemesis, or divine punishment, on
, themselves. He used this theme in "The Persians", "Prometheus Bound", and the
"Oresteia" trilogy.
Sophocles - ANSWER -(496-406 B.C.E.) An Ancient Greek tragedian. His works
seemed motivated by religious and moral concerns, expressing deep sorrow at the
plight of human beings, who are born into a world of suffering and ignorance. He
wrote the plays of "Oedipus" and "Antigone", among other surviving works.
Euripides - ANSWER -(480-406 B.C.E.) An Ancient Greek tragedian. He
demonstrated great psychological sophistication in the portrayal of characters. His
play "Medea", had an unconventional ending that didn't appeal to audiences.
Aristophanes - ANSWER -(450-385 B.C.E., approximate) Used comedy to
ridicule his fellow Athenians. He lived during the Peloponnesian War and wrote
several plays such as "Acharnians" and "Lysistrata" to demonstrate the stupidity of
the war. He poked fun at his contemporary Euripides in "The Frogs" and at the
philosopher Socrates in "The Clouds."
Herodotus - ANSWER -(484-425 B.C.E., approximate) An Ionian Greek who is
known as the "Father of History". Wrote an account of the Persian Wars. He was
the first to divide civilization between East and West, and to identify the Greeks as
representatives of a distinctive Western civilization.
Thucydides - ANSWER -(460-400 B.C.E., approximate) An Athenian general
who lost his command early on in the Peloponnesian War, went on to write an
account of it and is known as one of the great historians.
Thales of Miletus - ANSWER -(c. 600 B.C.E.) A Pre-Socratic philosopher from
Ionia, who established a long running debate in physics by attempting to identify
the most basic substance that constituted all physical objects.
Heraclitus - ANSWER -(c. 500 B.C.E.) A Pre-Socratic philosopher who believed
that the prime substance that constitutes all other substances is fire. He is
remembered for his famous statement that one cannot step into the same river
twice.
Empedocles - ANSWER -(c. 450 B.C.E.) A Pre-Socratic philosopher who brought
forth a theory of four basic elements: earth, water, air, and fire. His theory
remained the basic orthodoxy of western science until modern times.
Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct
The Peloponnesian League - ANSWER -To keep order within the polis and
protect themselves from outside threats, Spartans formed this system of alliances,
which was joined by nearly all of the poleis in the Peloponnesus.
Phratries - ANSWER -Brotherhoods into which the people of Athens were
divided.
Areopagus - ANSWER -A council of wealthy Athenian aristocrats who ruled the
phratries.
Archons - ANSWER -9 of these magistrates were annually elected to guide the
administration of the Athenian polis, and became members of the Aeropagus once
their term expired.
Cylon - ANSWER -An Athenian noble who tried to create order by establishing
himself as a tyrant in 632 B.C.E. He was defeated by his aristocratic rivals.
Draco - ANSWER -An Athenian tyrant temporarily elected in 621 B.C.E. to
establish a law code.
Solon - ANSWER -An Athenian archon elected to institute laws to help with the
social and economic instability in Athens in 594 B.C.E. Known for the constitution
he created.
The Boule - ANSWER -An Athenian council made up of 400 members, instituted
by Solon.
The Ekklesia - ANSWER -An Athenian general assembly instituted by Solon.
Peisistratus - ANSWER -An Athenian nobleman who seized power during Solon's
reign, ruling from 546-527 B.C.E. He was a benevolent dictator who funded public
works and instituting new religious festivals.
Agora - ANSWER -"Marketplace" where the Boule met.
, Cleisthenes - ANSWER -Tyrant of Athens around 508 B.C.E. Replaced the
phrarites with the demes, or townships. Changed the four tribes of Athens to ten
tribes that were made up of the demes. Replaced the Council of 400 with a Council
of 500, which was made up of fifty elected officials from each tribe.
Ostracism - ANSWER -A practice of the Athenians to send an individual into
exile for ten years if they were determined to be a potential political threat.
The Delian League - ANSWER -A naval alliance founded in 478 B.C.E. on the
isle of Delos. Included well over one hundred poleis. Most of the ships were
provided by the Athenians. Eventually transformed into the Athenian Empire.
Pericles - ANSWER -(495-429 B.C.E., approximate.) An Athenian statesman
whose legislation helped make Athens a democracy. Issued the construction of the
Parthenon, a temple to Athena on the Acropolis.
The Peloponnesian War - ANSWER -(431-404 B.C.E.) Sparta hoped to break the
power of Athens and gain absolute rule of the divided Greek empire. Spartans
besieged Athens for many years, and finally an epidemic within the city killed
many Athenian people, including Pericles. Without his leadership, Athens lacked
stability. Finally, in 404 B.C.E., they surrendered.
Hesiod - ANSWER -(c. 700 B.C.E.) Author of "Work and Days", which describes
the hard life of the small farmer, and of the "Theogony", which describes the births
of the gods and their legends.
Archilochus - ANSWER -(7th century B.C.E.) a famous Greek lyricist who
pioneered the new poetic form.
Pindar - ANSWER -(518-438 B.C.E.) a Greek who wrote odes of victory for
athletic contests.
Sappho of Lesbos - ANSWER -(7th century B.C.E.) a Greek who wrote love
poems describing her own feelings of attraction for other women.
Aeschylus - ANSWER -(525-456 B.C.E., approximate) An Ancient Greek
tragedian. His plays were profoundly moral and religious, focusing on the vice of
hubris, or pride, by which individuals call down nemesis, or divine punishment, on
, themselves. He used this theme in "The Persians", "Prometheus Bound", and the
"Oresteia" trilogy.
Sophocles - ANSWER -(496-406 B.C.E.) An Ancient Greek tragedian. His works
seemed motivated by religious and moral concerns, expressing deep sorrow at the
plight of human beings, who are born into a world of suffering and ignorance. He
wrote the plays of "Oedipus" and "Antigone", among other surviving works.
Euripides - ANSWER -(480-406 B.C.E.) An Ancient Greek tragedian. He
demonstrated great psychological sophistication in the portrayal of characters. His
play "Medea", had an unconventional ending that didn't appeal to audiences.
Aristophanes - ANSWER -(450-385 B.C.E., approximate) Used comedy to
ridicule his fellow Athenians. He lived during the Peloponnesian War and wrote
several plays such as "Acharnians" and "Lysistrata" to demonstrate the stupidity of
the war. He poked fun at his contemporary Euripides in "The Frogs" and at the
philosopher Socrates in "The Clouds."
Herodotus - ANSWER -(484-425 B.C.E., approximate) An Ionian Greek who is
known as the "Father of History". Wrote an account of the Persian Wars. He was
the first to divide civilization between East and West, and to identify the Greeks as
representatives of a distinctive Western civilization.
Thucydides - ANSWER -(460-400 B.C.E., approximate) An Athenian general
who lost his command early on in the Peloponnesian War, went on to write an
account of it and is known as one of the great historians.
Thales of Miletus - ANSWER -(c. 600 B.C.E.) A Pre-Socratic philosopher from
Ionia, who established a long running debate in physics by attempting to identify
the most basic substance that constituted all physical objects.
Heraclitus - ANSWER -(c. 500 B.C.E.) A Pre-Socratic philosopher who believed
that the prime substance that constitutes all other substances is fire. He is
remembered for his famous statement that one cannot step into the same river
twice.
Empedocles - ANSWER -(c. 450 B.C.E.) A Pre-Socratic philosopher who brought
forth a theory of four basic elements: earth, water, air, and fire. His theory
remained the basic orthodoxy of western science until modern times.
