1|Page
NBME CBSE EXAM VERIFIED QUESTIONS &
100% ACCURATE ANSWERS | COMPLETELY
UPDATED 2025–2026 EDITION A+
PERFORMANCE GUARANTEED
Bulbus cordis
Smooth parts (outflow tract) of left and right ventricles
endocardial cushions
Atrial septum, membranous interventricular septum; AV and semilunar valves
neural crest
left horn of the sinus venosus
coronary sinus
posterior, sub cardinal, and supra cardinal veins
IVC
Right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein
SVC
Right horn of sinus venosus
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Smooth part of right atrium (sinus venarum)
Patent foramen ovale
failure of septum primum and septum secundum to fuse after birth
Transposition of the great vessels
Tetralogy of Fallot
Persistent truncus arteriosus
Conotruncal abnormalities associated with failure of neural crest cells to migrate
ductus venosus
connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the liver
becomes ligamentum venosum
phrenic nerve
innervates the diaphragm and pericardium
S3 heart sound
Increased ventricular filling pressure (e.g., mitral regurgitation, HF), common in
dilated ventricles
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normal in kids and pregnant women
S4 heart sound
atrial kick late diastole, right before S1
best heard at apex in LLD position
High atrial pressure.
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
Always abnormal
atria contract
a wave of JVP
c wave
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulging into atrium) wave of JVP
x descent
JVP wave corresponding to downward displacement of closed tricuspid valve
during rapid ventricular ejection phase
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reduced or absent in tricuspid regurge
V wave
JVP wave corresponding to inc'd RA pressure due to filling against closed
tricuspid valve
y descent
JVP wave corresponding to RA emptying into RV
absent in cardiac tamponade
plusus parvus et tardus
pulses are weak with delayed peak
Aortic stenosis
PR interval
0.12-0.20 seconds
120 milliseconds
QT interval length
NBME CBSE EXAM VERIFIED QUESTIONS &
100% ACCURATE ANSWERS | COMPLETELY
UPDATED 2025–2026 EDITION A+
PERFORMANCE GUARANTEED
Bulbus cordis
Smooth parts (outflow tract) of left and right ventricles
endocardial cushions
Atrial septum, membranous interventricular septum; AV and semilunar valves
neural crest
left horn of the sinus venosus
coronary sinus
posterior, sub cardinal, and supra cardinal veins
IVC
Right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein
SVC
Right horn of sinus venosus
,2|Page
Smooth part of right atrium (sinus venarum)
Patent foramen ovale
failure of septum primum and septum secundum to fuse after birth
Transposition of the great vessels
Tetralogy of Fallot
Persistent truncus arteriosus
Conotruncal abnormalities associated with failure of neural crest cells to migrate
ductus venosus
connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the liver
becomes ligamentum venosum
phrenic nerve
innervates the diaphragm and pericardium
S3 heart sound
Increased ventricular filling pressure (e.g., mitral regurgitation, HF), common in
dilated ventricles
,3|Page
normal in kids and pregnant women
S4 heart sound
atrial kick late diastole, right before S1
best heard at apex in LLD position
High atrial pressure.
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
Always abnormal
atria contract
a wave of JVP
c wave
RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulging into atrium) wave of JVP
x descent
JVP wave corresponding to downward displacement of closed tricuspid valve
during rapid ventricular ejection phase
, 4|Page
reduced or absent in tricuspid regurge
V wave
JVP wave corresponding to inc'd RA pressure due to filling against closed
tricuspid valve
y descent
JVP wave corresponding to RA emptying into RV
absent in cardiac tamponade
plusus parvus et tardus
pulses are weak with delayed peak
Aortic stenosis
PR interval
0.12-0.20 seconds
120 milliseconds
QT interval length
