NURS 300 Final Study Guide
NURS 300 Final Study Guide
Understand pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, lab values, nursing interventions
Hemorrhagic Stroke: When a blood vessel leaks blood into the brain tissue causing ICP
and damage to the surrounding brain cells. Accounts for 15% of all strokes.
- Subarachnoid (SAH)
- Intracerebral (ICH)
o Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH)
• Usually from ruptured Aneurysm / AVM
• Cardinal Sign: Thunderclap Headache (worst headache of
their life)
• Bleeding into subarachnoid space
o Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH)
• From HTN – commonly during activity
• Bleeding from into brain tissue
• Often are Fata
o TREATMENT:
Ischemic Stroke: AKA CVA, these are Clots that Block Arterial blood
flow...The clot stops blood flow to the brain. There are 2 Types:
o
Thrombotic Stroke: occurs in relation to injury to a
blood vessel; result of thrombosis or narrowing of blood
vessel
o most common, with ATH
o CLOT
Alteplase (tPA) = must be given within 3 – 4.5 hrs from initial
manifestations unless contraindicated by active bleeding.
Embolic Stroke
o Dislodged clot
o embolus lodges in and occludes cerebral
artery; results in infarction and edema of the area supplied
by the vessel
Typically from A-fib
, Right vs Left hemispheric ischemic stroke
o Right:
Paralysis of left side of the body
Vision problems
Behavior is quick and overly curious
Memory loss
Contact the speech-language pathologist (SLP) to schedule a swallowing
study.
o Left:
Paralysis on the right side of the body.
Speech problems
Behavior is slow and cautious
Memory loss
Furosemide
Stable vs Unstable Angina
o Stable: Occurs with exercise or at rest, but increases in occurrence, severity, and
duration over time.
Relieved with nitroglycerine
o Unstable: Occurs with exercise or at rest, but increases in occurrence, severity,
and duration over time.
A. ST changes
Pain lasts 15 to 25 minutes
Increased number of angina attacks
The intensity of the chest pain has increased
Is not relieved with nitro.
What happens if stable angina isn't resolved after SL NTG?
o Then it is considered unstable angina or STEMI
Myocardial Infarction
o Can occur without cause, often in the morning after rest and is relieved only by
opioids.
o - Manifestations last more than 30 minutes.
o - Associated with nausea, epigastric distress, dyspnea, anxiety, and diaphoresis.
STEMI / NSTEMI
o NSTEMI/UA:
Partial occlusion of coronary artery.
- Non-occlusive Thrombus
o STEMI:
Total occlusion of coronary artery.
- Emergency!
NURS 300 Final Study Guide
Understand pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, lab values, nursing interventions
Hemorrhagic Stroke: When a blood vessel leaks blood into the brain tissue causing ICP
and damage to the surrounding brain cells. Accounts for 15% of all strokes.
- Subarachnoid (SAH)
- Intracerebral (ICH)
o Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH)
• Usually from ruptured Aneurysm / AVM
• Cardinal Sign: Thunderclap Headache (worst headache of
their life)
• Bleeding into subarachnoid space
o Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH)
• From HTN – commonly during activity
• Bleeding from into brain tissue
• Often are Fata
o TREATMENT:
Ischemic Stroke: AKA CVA, these are Clots that Block Arterial blood
flow...The clot stops blood flow to the brain. There are 2 Types:
o
Thrombotic Stroke: occurs in relation to injury to a
blood vessel; result of thrombosis or narrowing of blood
vessel
o most common, with ATH
o CLOT
Alteplase (tPA) = must be given within 3 – 4.5 hrs from initial
manifestations unless contraindicated by active bleeding.
Embolic Stroke
o Dislodged clot
o embolus lodges in and occludes cerebral
artery; results in infarction and edema of the area supplied
by the vessel
Typically from A-fib
, Right vs Left hemispheric ischemic stroke
o Right:
Paralysis of left side of the body
Vision problems
Behavior is quick and overly curious
Memory loss
Contact the speech-language pathologist (SLP) to schedule a swallowing
study.
o Left:
Paralysis on the right side of the body.
Speech problems
Behavior is slow and cautious
Memory loss
Furosemide
Stable vs Unstable Angina
o Stable: Occurs with exercise or at rest, but increases in occurrence, severity, and
duration over time.
Relieved with nitroglycerine
o Unstable: Occurs with exercise or at rest, but increases in occurrence, severity,
and duration over time.
A. ST changes
Pain lasts 15 to 25 minutes
Increased number of angina attacks
The intensity of the chest pain has increased
Is not relieved with nitro.
What happens if stable angina isn't resolved after SL NTG?
o Then it is considered unstable angina or STEMI
Myocardial Infarction
o Can occur without cause, often in the morning after rest and is relieved only by
opioids.
o - Manifestations last more than 30 minutes.
o - Associated with nausea, epigastric distress, dyspnea, anxiety, and diaphoresis.
STEMI / NSTEMI
o NSTEMI/UA:
Partial occlusion of coronary artery.
- Non-occlusive Thrombus
o STEMI:
Total occlusion of coronary artery.
- Emergency!
