SSD TEST 3 - LIZ'S VERSION QUESTIONS
Interventions for SSD in children - Answer -Minimal Pairs
Maximal Oppositions
Multiple Oppositions
Cycles
Core Vocabulary
Complexity Approach
Stimulability approach
Naturalistic approaches
Meta-phonological approaches
Traditional articulation approach.
Who is minimal pairs for? - Answer -Children with mild-moderate, consistent
phonological errors.
-mild hearing loss.
-developmental concerns.
-inconsistent velopharyngeal.
-sensorineural hearing loss.
How does minimal pairs work? - Answer -Contrasts a known and unknown sound
differing by one distinctive feature (e.g. "coat" for "goat")
-Intervention includes familiarization, perception training, imitation, and independent
production in drill-play activities.
Therapy intensity for minimal pairs. - Answer -Typical dosage is two 30-45 minute
sessions per week with a goal of 100+ trials per session, but frequency varies.
Target populations for minimal pairs : Primary Populations - Answer -Children with mild,
mild-moderate, or moderate-severe phonological impairment characterized by
consistent age=inappropriate phonological processes (e.g. stopping, cluster reduction)
resulting in HOMONOMY.
The right approach could be the difference between... - Answer -graduation and no
progress.
Secondary target populations for minimal pairs approach. - Answer -children with a
phonological impairment and concomitant medical conditions or developmental
concerns may be suitable.
Who is minimal pairs NOT good for? - Answer --motor speech difficulties or large
collapses of contrast.
-children with trouble forming 3-4 syllable words.
-children who cannot follow instructions for articulation
-children who are not stimulable for speech sounds.
,Conventional Minimal Pair - Answer -words that a child produces as homonyms - they
usually have minimally opposing features or are near minimal pair words (difference in a
single phoneme that is enough to signal a change in meaning).
Homonym: - Answer -words with different meanings that share the same production.
Semantic confusion: - Answer -When speakers intended word is heard by the
conversational partner as a different word which results in communication breakdown.
Minimal Pair definition - Answer -a set of words that differ by a single phoneme
whereby that difference is enough to signal a change in meaning.
Examples of minimal pairs. - Answer -"pig" and "big"
"sick" and "thick"
"saw" and "thaw"
"she" and "see"
"bent" and "vent"
"fan" and "van"
"key" and "tea"
"cap" and "tap"
When to use minimal pair intervention? - Answer -When the nature of the disorder is
phonological and there is a loss of contrast.
What is the severity level of disorder for the use of minimal pairs? - Answer -mild-
moderate severity rating.
How to determine severity level of intelligibility? - Answer --standardized tests.
-Percent consonants correct (PCC)
*mild phono impairment is consistent with a PCC of 85-100%
*mild-moderate phono impairment is consistent with a PCC of 65-84.9%
Loss of contrast can be determined with.... - Answer -Independent analysis: sounds
and sound classes that the child produces without comparison to the adult productions.
Relational analysis: what is used contrastively in the child's productions without relation
to the adult target.
Meaningful minimal pair approach: - Answer -select five minimal pair target words to
contrast.
-find pictures to represent each word, and make two copies of each picture (20 pictures
total).
1. Familiarization: the clinician shows the child the pictures and the clinicain tells the
child the name of each picture.
, 2. Listen and pick up: the clinician lays out all the pictures and tells the client "to listen
and pick up one picture at a time".
3. Production of minimal pair words: the child becomes the teacher and "tells the SLP
which picture to pick-up".
Perception Production minimal pair approach - Answer -1.Familiarization and
perception training.
*The child needs to have 90% accuracy before moving onto step 2.
2. Production-word imitation
*The child needs to have 90% accuracy with 50 trails before moving onto step 3.
3. Production- independent naming
*The child needs to have 50% accuracy with 50 trails.
4. Production- minimal pairs:
*It may be helpful to include imitation and independent naming of the target words prior
to the child's naming the minimal pairs.
Who is Maximal oppositions for? - Answer -Children with consistent phonological errors
who are missing 6+ phonemes in their speech sound inventory.,
How does maximal oppositions work? - Answer -A complexity approach similar to
minimal pairs, except the known and unknown sounds differ by multiple distinctive
features. (eg. "meet" versus "feet" , /m/ and /f/ differ in place, manner, and voicing).
Treatment of the Empty Set - Answer -Similar to the maximal oppositions approach but
uses pairs of words containing two maximally opposing sounds (e.g., /r/ and /d/) that are
unknown to the child (e.g., "row" vs. "doe" or "ray" vs. "day"
Therapy intensity for Maximal Oppositions - Answer -Two 30-45 minute sessions per
week with a goal of 100+ trials per session, but frequency varies
Empty Set - Answer -Sounds are maximally different in voice, manner, and place.
Linguistic method of ST that involves a child learning two new sounds concurrently that
are different in place manner and voicing (ie. b and r).
-child introduced to two new sounds that they aren't able to produce independently and
they aren't stimulable for.
High Frequency word - Answer -word that occurs in a high number of times in a
language.
Low frequency word - Answer -Word that does not occur frequently in a language.
High density word - Answer -words with a high number of minimal or near minimal pairs
(pat, mat, cat, rat, hat, sat)
Low density word. - Answer -words with a low number of minimal or low minimal pairs
(ie. letter, igloo).
Interventions for SSD in children - Answer -Minimal Pairs
Maximal Oppositions
Multiple Oppositions
Cycles
Core Vocabulary
Complexity Approach
Stimulability approach
Naturalistic approaches
Meta-phonological approaches
Traditional articulation approach.
Who is minimal pairs for? - Answer -Children with mild-moderate, consistent
phonological errors.
-mild hearing loss.
-developmental concerns.
-inconsistent velopharyngeal.
-sensorineural hearing loss.
How does minimal pairs work? - Answer -Contrasts a known and unknown sound
differing by one distinctive feature (e.g. "coat" for "goat")
-Intervention includes familiarization, perception training, imitation, and independent
production in drill-play activities.
Therapy intensity for minimal pairs. - Answer -Typical dosage is two 30-45 minute
sessions per week with a goal of 100+ trials per session, but frequency varies.
Target populations for minimal pairs : Primary Populations - Answer -Children with mild,
mild-moderate, or moderate-severe phonological impairment characterized by
consistent age=inappropriate phonological processes (e.g. stopping, cluster reduction)
resulting in HOMONOMY.
The right approach could be the difference between... - Answer -graduation and no
progress.
Secondary target populations for minimal pairs approach. - Answer -children with a
phonological impairment and concomitant medical conditions or developmental
concerns may be suitable.
Who is minimal pairs NOT good for? - Answer --motor speech difficulties or large
collapses of contrast.
-children with trouble forming 3-4 syllable words.
-children who cannot follow instructions for articulation
-children who are not stimulable for speech sounds.
,Conventional Minimal Pair - Answer -words that a child produces as homonyms - they
usually have minimally opposing features or are near minimal pair words (difference in a
single phoneme that is enough to signal a change in meaning).
Homonym: - Answer -words with different meanings that share the same production.
Semantic confusion: - Answer -When speakers intended word is heard by the
conversational partner as a different word which results in communication breakdown.
Minimal Pair definition - Answer -a set of words that differ by a single phoneme
whereby that difference is enough to signal a change in meaning.
Examples of minimal pairs. - Answer -"pig" and "big"
"sick" and "thick"
"saw" and "thaw"
"she" and "see"
"bent" and "vent"
"fan" and "van"
"key" and "tea"
"cap" and "tap"
When to use minimal pair intervention? - Answer -When the nature of the disorder is
phonological and there is a loss of contrast.
What is the severity level of disorder for the use of minimal pairs? - Answer -mild-
moderate severity rating.
How to determine severity level of intelligibility? - Answer --standardized tests.
-Percent consonants correct (PCC)
*mild phono impairment is consistent with a PCC of 85-100%
*mild-moderate phono impairment is consistent with a PCC of 65-84.9%
Loss of contrast can be determined with.... - Answer -Independent analysis: sounds
and sound classes that the child produces without comparison to the adult productions.
Relational analysis: what is used contrastively in the child's productions without relation
to the adult target.
Meaningful minimal pair approach: - Answer -select five minimal pair target words to
contrast.
-find pictures to represent each word, and make two copies of each picture (20 pictures
total).
1. Familiarization: the clinician shows the child the pictures and the clinicain tells the
child the name of each picture.
, 2. Listen and pick up: the clinician lays out all the pictures and tells the client "to listen
and pick up one picture at a time".
3. Production of minimal pair words: the child becomes the teacher and "tells the SLP
which picture to pick-up".
Perception Production minimal pair approach - Answer -1.Familiarization and
perception training.
*The child needs to have 90% accuracy before moving onto step 2.
2. Production-word imitation
*The child needs to have 90% accuracy with 50 trails before moving onto step 3.
3. Production- independent naming
*The child needs to have 50% accuracy with 50 trails.
4. Production- minimal pairs:
*It may be helpful to include imitation and independent naming of the target words prior
to the child's naming the minimal pairs.
Who is Maximal oppositions for? - Answer -Children with consistent phonological errors
who are missing 6+ phonemes in their speech sound inventory.,
How does maximal oppositions work? - Answer -A complexity approach similar to
minimal pairs, except the known and unknown sounds differ by multiple distinctive
features. (eg. "meet" versus "feet" , /m/ and /f/ differ in place, manner, and voicing).
Treatment of the Empty Set - Answer -Similar to the maximal oppositions approach but
uses pairs of words containing two maximally opposing sounds (e.g., /r/ and /d/) that are
unknown to the child (e.g., "row" vs. "doe" or "ray" vs. "day"
Therapy intensity for Maximal Oppositions - Answer -Two 30-45 minute sessions per
week with a goal of 100+ trials per session, but frequency varies
Empty Set - Answer -Sounds are maximally different in voice, manner, and place.
Linguistic method of ST that involves a child learning two new sounds concurrently that
are different in place manner and voicing (ie. b and r).
-child introduced to two new sounds that they aren't able to produce independently and
they aren't stimulable for.
High Frequency word - Answer -word that occurs in a high number of times in a
language.
Low frequency word - Answer -Word that does not occur frequently in a language.
High density word - Answer -words with a high number of minimal or near minimal pairs
(pat, mat, cat, rat, hat, sat)
Low density word. - Answer -words with a low number of minimal or low minimal pairs
(ie. letter, igloo).
