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Samenvatting Aquatische ecologie en hydrologie (jaar 2, blok 4)

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Deze samenvatting bevat alle informatie uit de hoorcolleges en leesstof van het vak Aquatische ecologie en hydrologie. Het bevat o.a. de volgende onderdelen: - Waterwaarden - Wateren in Nederland - Hydrologie - Waterleven - Waterplanten( vb. submerse en drijvende planten) - N, P, C - kringlopen - Hydrologische kringloop - Bedreigingen waterwaarden zoals eutrofiëring - Trofische niveaus - Fysische en chemische samenstelling van oppervlaktewater -Fytoplankton - Waterkwaliteit - Sedimentatie en resuspensie - Thermische en optische eigenschappen - EGV (Elektrisch Geleidingsvermogen) - Nutriënt limitatie (inclusief oefening en uitgebreide uitleg) - Grondwater - Afvoer, debieten - Waterkwantiteit - neerslag en verdamping Als je deze samenvatting goed leert, dan weet je meer dan genoeg voor een mooi cijfer op je tentamen!

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Samenvatting HC Aquatische ecologie en
hydrologie


Toegepaste Biologie
Jaar 2: blok 4




Leerdoelen
- Dictaten op blackboard
- Artikelen
- HC/WC/IC
- Leerdoel 3 vervalt

, Leerstof
HC 1 Introductie
HC 2 Dictaat water 2: H4, alleen de formules behandeld in het HC
Waterkwaliteit Water voor biologen: H8
Stowa, heldere kijk op diepe plassen: H3.2.3 en H3.2.4, wet van Lambert-Beer
HC 3 Water voor biologen: H2, H3
Waterkwantiteit Water voor biologen: H6.1 tm H6.2.2, H6.7 en H6.7.1
Water voor biologen: H7.2.2, H7.3.1
HC 4 Europese Kaderrichtlijn Water (https://www.clo.nl/indicatoren/nl1412-kaderrichtlijn-water)
Wetgeving en Biologische kwaliteit KRW provincies, 2015 (https://www.clo.nl/indicatoren/nl1614-toestand-
beleid biologische-kwaliteit-krw-provincies)

Verdiepend, deze ga je in de waterweek wel gebruiken:
Referenties en maatlatten voor natuurlijke watertypen voor de Kaderrichtlijn Water 2021-2027
(https://www.stowa.nl/sites/default/files/assets/PUBLICATIES/Publicaties%202018/STOWA%202018-
49%20Maatlatten%20defdef.pdf)
Referenties en maatlatten voor kunstmatige watertypen voor de Kaderrichtlijn Water 2021-2027
(https://www.stowa.nl/sites/default/files/assets/PUBLICATIES/Publicaties%202018/STOWA%202018-
49%20Maatlatten%20defdef.pdf)
Stroomgebiedbeheerplannen 2015-2021 (https://www.helpdeskwater.nl/onderwerpen/wetgeving-
beleid/kaderrichtlijn-water/2016-2021/)




2

,Inhoudsopgave
Leerdoelen............................................................................................................................................... 1
Leerstof.................................................................................................................................................... 2
HC 1 Aquatische ecologie en hydrologie ................................................................................................. 8
1. Waarom aquatische ecologie? ............................................................................................................ 8
1.1 Belang van water ........................................................................................................................... 8
1.2 Ontstaan van watersystemen in Nederland.................................................................................. 9
1.2.1 Het pleistoceen – gelasien / calabrien ................................................................................... 9
1.2.2 Het midden pleistoceen ......................................................................................................... 9
1.2.3 Laat pleistoceen.................................................................................................................... 10
1.3 Het holoceen ................................................................................................................................... 10
1.4 Moderne tijd .................................................................................................................................... 11
1.5 Kringlopen ....................................................................................................................................... 11
1.5.1 Hydrologische kringloop (waterbalans): .................................................................................. 12
1.5.2 Koolstofkringloop ..................................................................................................................... 13
1.5.3 Stikstofkringloop ...................................................................................................................... 15
1.5.4 Fosforkringloop ........................................................................................................................ 16
1.6 Bedreigingen.................................................................................................................................... 16
1.7 Voedselweb van een aquatisch ecosysteem ................................................................................... 17
1.7.1 Primaire productie.................................................................................................................... 19
Oorzaken nutriënten gebrek ......................................................................................................... 20
Groeivormen ................................................................................................................................. 20
Fysische en chemische samenstelling oppervlaktewater: ............................................................ 21
1.7.2 Fytoplankton ............................................................................................................................ 21
1.7.3 Waterplanten ........................................................................................................................... 22
1.7.4 Zoöplankton ............................................................................................................................. 23
1.7.4 Macrofauna .............................................................................................................................. 23
1.7.6 Vissen........................................................................................................................................ 23
HC 2 Waterkwaliteit .............................................................................................................................. 25
2.0 Fysische parameters en waarom waterkwaliteit belangrijk is .................................................... 27
2.1 Zuiver water................................................................................................................................. 28
2.2 Thermische eigenschappen: ........................................................................................................ 28
2.2.1 Temperatuur......................................................................................................................... 29
2.3 Optische eigenschappen ............................................................................................................. 30
2.3.1 Wet van Lambert Beer (extinctie): ....................................................................................... 33
2.3.2 Lichtlimitatie ......................................................................................................................... 35

3

, 2.4 Sedimentatie en resuspentie ...................................................................................................... 35
2.4.1 Sedimentatiezone:................................................................................................................ 35
2.4.2 Resuspensiezone: ................................................................................................................. 35
2.5 Chemische parameters en processen ......................................................................................... 37
2.5.1 Saliniteit ................................................................................................................................ 37
2.5.2 Het elektrisch geleidingsvermogen ...................................................................................... 38
2.6 Ionenratio .................................................................................................................................... 38
2.6.1 Ionenratio berekenen ........................................................................................................... 39
Rekenen met IR a.d.h.v. PowerPoint dia’s .................................................................................... 40
2.7 Zuurstof ....................................................................................................................................... 42
2.7.1 Zuurstofaanvoer ................................................................................................................... 42
2.7.2 Zuurstof in oppervlaktewater .............................................................................................. 42
2.7.2 Zuurstofhuishouding ............................................................................................................ 44
2.7.3 Reäeratie .............................................................................................................................. 45
2.8 Nutriënten ................................................................................................................................... 45
2.8.1 Primaire productie en limitatie ............................................................................................ 46
2.8.2 Primaire productie en limitatie ............................................................................................ 46
2.8.3 Primaire productie en limitatie: nutriëntafhankelijkheid (Monod functie) ......................... 47
2.8.4 Opdracht limitatie (voorbeeld berekening) ......................................................................... 47
2.9 Koolstofdioxide ............................................................................................................................ 48
2.9.1 Buffercapaciteit /alkaliniteit (zuurbufferend vermogen) ..................................................... 49
2.9.2 Hardheid en alkaliniteit ........................................................................................................ 49
2.10 IJzer ............................................................................................................................................ 50
2.10.1 IJzerval ................................................................................................................................ 50
HC 3 Waterkwantiteit ............................................................................................................................ 52
3.1 Hydrologie ................................................................................................................................... 52
3.2 Grondwater ................................................................................................................................. 52
3.2.1 Functies grondwater............................................................................................................. 54
3.2.2 Peilbeheer winter vs zomer .................................................................................................. 55
3.2.3 Stijghoogte → peilbuizen ..................................................................................................... 56
3.2.4 Isohypsen en stroomlijnen ................................................................................................... 57
3.2.5 Grondwatertrappen ............................................................................................................. 57
3.2.6 Grondwatersystemen ........................................................................................................... 58
3.2.7 Grondwaterstroming ............................................................................................................ 59
3.3 Stroomgebieden .......................................................................................................................... 59
3.3.1 Polder-boezemsysteem ........................................................................................................ 61

4

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