NUR 529- EXAM 2 BLUEPRINT (UNIT 7)
2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
100% PASS
What are the 3 phases of hemostasis?
1. vascular spasms
2. platelet plug formation
3. coagulation
Vascular Spasm
immediate response to blood vessel injury; results in constriction within 30 minutes.
platelet plug formation steps
1. platelet adhesion
2. platelet release reaction
3. platelet aggregation
What is the coagulation cascade?
The series of steps beginning with the intrinsic or extrinsic pathways of coagulation
What happens at the end of the coagulation cascade?
Formation of a fibrin clot
Which conditions associated with hypercoagulability are related to increased platelet function?
List all 5
1. Atherosclerosis
2. Diabetes
3. Smoking
4. Hyperlipidemia
5. Increased platelet levels
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026.
,Which conditions associated with hypercoagulability are related to accelerated activity of the
clotting system? List all 6
1. Pregnancy
2. Use of oral contraceptives
3. Postsurgical state
4. Immobility
5. Congestive heart failure
6. Malignant diseases
thrombocytosis
Elevation of platelets >1,000,000. Can be primary or secondary.
Secondary Thrombocytosis
response to surgery, injury, or absent spleen.
Primary Thrombocytosis
Myeloproliferative disorder of platelet precursor cells (Megakaryocytes in the bone marrow are
produced in excess)
Hallmark findings of thrombocytosis
Hepatic vein thrombosis and most commonly, splenomegaly.
Manifestations: Thrombosis and hemorrhage.
Causes of arterial thrombi
-Turbulence of blood
-Platelet aggregation
Causes of venous thrombi
-Stasis of blood
-Activation of clotting cascade (fibrin complex)
Factor V Leiden
Most common hereditary thrombosis, Factor V causes activated protein C resistance.
Antiphospholipid syndrome
Autoantibodies (IgG) directed against protein-binding phospholipids that result in increased
coagulation activity
Manifestations of Antiphospholipid syndrome
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026.
, Venous or arterial thrombosis
Persistent & unexplained thrombocytopenia
Recurrent fetal loss
Neutrophils
The first to arrive to a new infection. Move in for 1-3 days, then die out releasing phagocytic
functions.
What are the main roles of eosinophils in the body?
Allergic reactions and fighting parasitic infections.
How do eosinophils combat parasitic infections?
They use surface markers to attach themselves to the parasite and release hydrolytic enzymes.
Basophils
Consist of heparin (anticoagulant), histamine (vasodilator), and other mediators of
inflammation.
What are the three types of lymphocytes?
B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, Natural Killer Cells
Where do lymphocytes function to defend against microorganisms?
Lymph nodes or spleen
What is the lifespan of monocytes and macrophages in tissues?
Months to years
What role do monocytes and macrophages play in inflammation?
Chronic inflammation
What is the function of monocytes and macrophages in the immune response?
Activates lymphocytes and presents antigens to T cells
What is the role of albumin in the body?
Contributes to plasma osmotic pressure and the maintenance of blood volume
How does albumin function as a carrier in the body?
It serves as a carrier for certain substances
What do alpha globulins transport?
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026.
2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
100% PASS
What are the 3 phases of hemostasis?
1. vascular spasms
2. platelet plug formation
3. coagulation
Vascular Spasm
immediate response to blood vessel injury; results in constriction within 30 minutes.
platelet plug formation steps
1. platelet adhesion
2. platelet release reaction
3. platelet aggregation
What is the coagulation cascade?
The series of steps beginning with the intrinsic or extrinsic pathways of coagulation
What happens at the end of the coagulation cascade?
Formation of a fibrin clot
Which conditions associated with hypercoagulability are related to increased platelet function?
List all 5
1. Atherosclerosis
2. Diabetes
3. Smoking
4. Hyperlipidemia
5. Increased platelet levels
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026.
,Which conditions associated with hypercoagulability are related to accelerated activity of the
clotting system? List all 6
1. Pregnancy
2. Use of oral contraceptives
3. Postsurgical state
4. Immobility
5. Congestive heart failure
6. Malignant diseases
thrombocytosis
Elevation of platelets >1,000,000. Can be primary or secondary.
Secondary Thrombocytosis
response to surgery, injury, or absent spleen.
Primary Thrombocytosis
Myeloproliferative disorder of platelet precursor cells (Megakaryocytes in the bone marrow are
produced in excess)
Hallmark findings of thrombocytosis
Hepatic vein thrombosis and most commonly, splenomegaly.
Manifestations: Thrombosis and hemorrhage.
Causes of arterial thrombi
-Turbulence of blood
-Platelet aggregation
Causes of venous thrombi
-Stasis of blood
-Activation of clotting cascade (fibrin complex)
Factor V Leiden
Most common hereditary thrombosis, Factor V causes activated protein C resistance.
Antiphospholipid syndrome
Autoantibodies (IgG) directed against protein-binding phospholipids that result in increased
coagulation activity
Manifestations of Antiphospholipid syndrome
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026.
, Venous or arterial thrombosis
Persistent & unexplained thrombocytopenia
Recurrent fetal loss
Neutrophils
The first to arrive to a new infection. Move in for 1-3 days, then die out releasing phagocytic
functions.
What are the main roles of eosinophils in the body?
Allergic reactions and fighting parasitic infections.
How do eosinophils combat parasitic infections?
They use surface markers to attach themselves to the parasite and release hydrolytic enzymes.
Basophils
Consist of heparin (anticoagulant), histamine (vasodilator), and other mediators of
inflammation.
What are the three types of lymphocytes?
B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, Natural Killer Cells
Where do lymphocytes function to defend against microorganisms?
Lymph nodes or spleen
What is the lifespan of monocytes and macrophages in tissues?
Months to years
What role do monocytes and macrophages play in inflammation?
Chronic inflammation
What is the function of monocytes and macrophages in the immune response?
Activates lymphocytes and presents antigens to T cells
What is the role of albumin in the body?
Contributes to plasma osmotic pressure and the maintenance of blood volume
How does albumin function as a carrier in the body?
It serves as a carrier for certain substances
What do alpha globulins transport?
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026.
