66
Chapter 10: Blood and Circulatory System Disorders
VanMeter and Hubert: Gould’s Pathophysiology for the Health Professions, 7th
Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following would result from a reduced number of erythrocytes in the blood?
a. Increased hemoglobin in the blood
b. Decreased hematocrit
c. Increased risk of hemostasis
d. Decreased osmotic pressure of the blood
ANS> B
2. What term is used to describe a deficit of all types of blood cells?
a. Leucopenia
b. Neutropenia
c. Pancytopenia
d. Erythrocytosis
ANS> C
3. Capillary walls consist of
a. multiple endothelial layers.
b. a thick layer of smooth muscle.
c. two or three epithelial layers.
d. a single endothelial layer.
ANS> D
4. Vitamin K is required by the liver to synthesize
a. heparin.
b. prothrombin.
c. amino acids.
d. bilirubin.
ANS> B
5. Individuals with type O blood are considered to be universal donors because their blood
a. contains A and B antibodies.
b. contains A and B antigens.
c. lacks A and B antibodies.
d. lacks A and B antigens.
ANS> D
6. What are the two circulations that comprise the overall circulatory system?
a. Pulmonary and systemic circulations
b. Peripheral and central circulations
c. Cardiovascular and lymphatic circulations
d. Cardiopulmonary and peripheral circulations
, 67
ANS> A
7. Chronic blood loss causes anemia because of the
a. shortened life span of the erythrocytes.
b. lower metabolic rate.
c. loss of protein and electrolytes.
d. smaller amount of recycled iron available.
ANS> D
8. What is the cause of sickle cell anemia?
a. A defective gene inherited from both parents
b. A chronic bacterial infection
c. Bone marrow depression
d. An autoimmune reaction
ANS> A
9. Which of the following best describes the characteristic erythrocyte associated with pernicious
anemia?
a. Hypochromic, microcytic
b. Normochromic, normocytic
c. Elongated, sickle-shaped
d. Megaloblastic or macrocytic nucleated cells
ANS> D
10. What causes numbness and tingling in the fingers of individuals with untreated pernicious
anemia?
a. Persistent hyperbilirubinemia
b. Increasing acidosis affecting metabolism
c. Vitamin B12 deficit causing peripheral nerve demyelination
d. Multiple small vascular occlusions affecting peripheral nerves
ANS> C
11. Jaundice is one typical sign of
a. sickle cell anemia.
b. aplastic anemia.
c. iron deficiency anemia.
d. acute leukemia.
ANS> A
12. What are the typical early general signs and symptoms of anemia?
a. Chest pain, palpitations
b. Jaundice, stomatitis
c. Pallor, dyspnea, and fatigue
d. Bradycardia, heat intolerance
ANS> C
, 68
13. What is the cause of oral ulcerations and delayed healing occurring with any severe anemia?
a. Lack of folic acid for DNA synthesis
b. Frequent microinfarcts in the tissues
c. Deficit of oxygen for epithelial cell mitosis and metabolism
d. Elevated bilirubin levels in blood and body fluids
ANS> C
14. Which of the following is present with pernicious anemia?
a. Pancytopenia
b. Hypochlorhydria
c. Leukocytosis
d. Multiple infarcts
ANS> B
15. Why is pernicious anemia treated with injections of vitamin B12?
a. An immune reaction in the stomach would destroy the vitamin.
b. Digestive enzymes would destroy the vitamin.
c. The vitamin irritates the gastric mucosa.
d. The ingested vitamin would not be absorbed into the blood.
ANS> D
16. Why do abnormally low hemoglobin values develop with pernicious anemia?
a. Decreased production of erythrocytes
b. Shorter life span of erythrocytes
c. Abnormal structure of hemoglobin chains
d. Deficit of folic acid
ANS> B
17. What are the common early signs of aplastic anemia?
a. Painful joints and skeletal deformity
b. Abdominal discomfort and splenomegaly
c. Excessive bleeding and recurrent infections
d. Palpitations and chest pain
ANS> C
18. Why do vascular occlusions and infarcts occur frequently with sickle cell anemia?
a. The red blood cells are abnormally large.
b. Increased hemolysis of erythrocytes occurs.
c. Erythrocytes change to sickle shape when hypoxia occurs.
d. HbS is unable to transport oxygen.
ANS> C
19. Which of the following applies to sickle cell trait?
a. Most hemoglobin is in the form of HgS.
b. Sickling of erythrocytes occurs with severe hypoxia.
c. Painful sickling crises with multiple infarctions occur frequently.
d. A child’s skeletal growth is delayed.
Chapter 10: Blood and Circulatory System Disorders
VanMeter and Hubert: Gould’s Pathophysiology for the Health Professions, 7th
Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following would result from a reduced number of erythrocytes in the blood?
a. Increased hemoglobin in the blood
b. Decreased hematocrit
c. Increased risk of hemostasis
d. Decreased osmotic pressure of the blood
ANS> B
2. What term is used to describe a deficit of all types of blood cells?
a. Leucopenia
b. Neutropenia
c. Pancytopenia
d. Erythrocytosis
ANS> C
3. Capillary walls consist of
a. multiple endothelial layers.
b. a thick layer of smooth muscle.
c. two or three epithelial layers.
d. a single endothelial layer.
ANS> D
4. Vitamin K is required by the liver to synthesize
a. heparin.
b. prothrombin.
c. amino acids.
d. bilirubin.
ANS> B
5. Individuals with type O blood are considered to be universal donors because their blood
a. contains A and B antibodies.
b. contains A and B antigens.
c. lacks A and B antibodies.
d. lacks A and B antigens.
ANS> D
6. What are the two circulations that comprise the overall circulatory system?
a. Pulmonary and systemic circulations
b. Peripheral and central circulations
c. Cardiovascular and lymphatic circulations
d. Cardiopulmonary and peripheral circulations
, 67
ANS> A
7. Chronic blood loss causes anemia because of the
a. shortened life span of the erythrocytes.
b. lower metabolic rate.
c. loss of protein and electrolytes.
d. smaller amount of recycled iron available.
ANS> D
8. What is the cause of sickle cell anemia?
a. A defective gene inherited from both parents
b. A chronic bacterial infection
c. Bone marrow depression
d. An autoimmune reaction
ANS> A
9. Which of the following best describes the characteristic erythrocyte associated with pernicious
anemia?
a. Hypochromic, microcytic
b. Normochromic, normocytic
c. Elongated, sickle-shaped
d. Megaloblastic or macrocytic nucleated cells
ANS> D
10. What causes numbness and tingling in the fingers of individuals with untreated pernicious
anemia?
a. Persistent hyperbilirubinemia
b. Increasing acidosis affecting metabolism
c. Vitamin B12 deficit causing peripheral nerve demyelination
d. Multiple small vascular occlusions affecting peripheral nerves
ANS> C
11. Jaundice is one typical sign of
a. sickle cell anemia.
b. aplastic anemia.
c. iron deficiency anemia.
d. acute leukemia.
ANS> A
12. What are the typical early general signs and symptoms of anemia?
a. Chest pain, palpitations
b. Jaundice, stomatitis
c. Pallor, dyspnea, and fatigue
d. Bradycardia, heat intolerance
ANS> C
, 68
13. What is the cause of oral ulcerations and delayed healing occurring with any severe anemia?
a. Lack of folic acid for DNA synthesis
b. Frequent microinfarcts in the tissues
c. Deficit of oxygen for epithelial cell mitosis and metabolism
d. Elevated bilirubin levels in blood and body fluids
ANS> C
14. Which of the following is present with pernicious anemia?
a. Pancytopenia
b. Hypochlorhydria
c. Leukocytosis
d. Multiple infarcts
ANS> B
15. Why is pernicious anemia treated with injections of vitamin B12?
a. An immune reaction in the stomach would destroy the vitamin.
b. Digestive enzymes would destroy the vitamin.
c. The vitamin irritates the gastric mucosa.
d. The ingested vitamin would not be absorbed into the blood.
ANS> D
16. Why do abnormally low hemoglobin values develop with pernicious anemia?
a. Decreased production of erythrocytes
b. Shorter life span of erythrocytes
c. Abnormal structure of hemoglobin chains
d. Deficit of folic acid
ANS> B
17. What are the common early signs of aplastic anemia?
a. Painful joints and skeletal deformity
b. Abdominal discomfort and splenomegaly
c. Excessive bleeding and recurrent infections
d. Palpitations and chest pain
ANS> C
18. Why do vascular occlusions and infarcts occur frequently with sickle cell anemia?
a. The red blood cells are abnormally large.
b. Increased hemolysis of erythrocytes occurs.
c. Erythrocytes change to sickle shape when hypoxia occurs.
d. HbS is unable to transport oxygen.
ANS> C
19. Which of the following applies to sickle cell trait?
a. Most hemoglobin is in the form of HgS.
b. Sickling of erythrocytes occurs with severe hypoxia.
c. Painful sickling crises with multiple infarctions occur frequently.
d. A child’s skeletal growth is delayed.
