BIOL 2051 EXAM 1 (BRININSTOOL) LATEST UPDATE 2025-2026 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
The study of cellular and noncellular organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye -
Answers Define microbiology
a microscopic organism consisting of a single cell or cell cluster or a virus - Answers What are
microorganisms?
everywhere lol - Answers Where do you find microorganisms?
25X10^29 - Answers How many microorganisms are estimated to be on Earth?
4 billion years - Answers How long have microorganisms been on Earth?
Bacterial and viral pathogens used to be the major cause of human death 100 years ago. Not a
big deal in developed countries due to the combo of microbiologists and clinical medicine. In
reality, most microbes are not harmful. - Answers How do microorganisms impact our lives
through disease?
Microorganisms cycle nutrients and have a major role in rumen - Answers How do
microorganisms impact our lives through agriculture?
Food spoilage, safety, and production. Requires constant monitoring of food. - Answers How do
microorganisms impact our lives through food?
Some produce biofuels such as methane and ethanol - Answers How do microorganisms
impact our lives through energy?
Used to clean up pollution such as spilled oil, pesticides, solvents, and other environmentally
toxic pollutants - Answers How do microorganisms impact our lives through bioremediation?
Genetically engineered microorganisms are used to make insulin and other human proteins -
Answers How do microorganisms impact our lives through biotechnology?
-metabolism
-growth
-evolution
-differentiation
-motility
-genetic exchange
-communication - Answers Name 6 abilities/characteristics of living cells.
, Robert Hooke - Answers Who was the first to use a microscope to see microorganisms?
fruiting of molds - Answers What did Robert Hooke see?
a glorified magnifying glass - Answers What type of microscope did Robert Hooke use?
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek - Answers Who was the first to use a microscope to see bacteria?
He made drawings and took a picture through his crude microscope - Answers How do we know
Leeuwenhoek saw bacteria?
A crude single lens - Answers What kind of microscope did Leeuwenhoek use?
-allows cell shape and arrangement to be seen
-allows structures to be seen
-allows pathogens to be seen
-allows differentiation of gram (+) and (-) - Answers List at least 4 ways microscopy is useful.
-bright field
-phase contrast
-dark field
-fluorescent - Answers What are the four types of light microscopy?
stain it using basic dyes - Answers What must be done to a microorganism to be able to see it
with brightfield light microscopy?
phase contrast and dark field - Answers Which types of light microscopy allow you to view a live
sample?
~ 0.2 micrometers, meaning 2 specimen must be this far apart in order to be distinguishable -
Answers What is the maximum resolution of a compound light microscope? Describe what that
value means in practical terms when viewing a specimen.
Transmission and scanning. TEM to see internal structures. SEM to see surfaces. - Answers
What are the two types of electron microscopy? When would you use one type instead of the
other?
0.2 - 4.0 nanometers - Answers What is the maximum resolution of an electron microscope?
0.2 microns is the size of the smallest free-living pathogenic bacterium Mycoplasma genitalium.
- Answers What is the smallest microbial cell size discovered thus far?
high SA to V ratio - Answers Would Mycoplasma genitalium have a high or low surface area-to-
ANSWERS
The study of cellular and noncellular organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye -
Answers Define microbiology
a microscopic organism consisting of a single cell or cell cluster or a virus - Answers What are
microorganisms?
everywhere lol - Answers Where do you find microorganisms?
25X10^29 - Answers How many microorganisms are estimated to be on Earth?
4 billion years - Answers How long have microorganisms been on Earth?
Bacterial and viral pathogens used to be the major cause of human death 100 years ago. Not a
big deal in developed countries due to the combo of microbiologists and clinical medicine. In
reality, most microbes are not harmful. - Answers How do microorganisms impact our lives
through disease?
Microorganisms cycle nutrients and have a major role in rumen - Answers How do
microorganisms impact our lives through agriculture?
Food spoilage, safety, and production. Requires constant monitoring of food. - Answers How do
microorganisms impact our lives through food?
Some produce biofuels such as methane and ethanol - Answers How do microorganisms
impact our lives through energy?
Used to clean up pollution such as spilled oil, pesticides, solvents, and other environmentally
toxic pollutants - Answers How do microorganisms impact our lives through bioremediation?
Genetically engineered microorganisms are used to make insulin and other human proteins -
Answers How do microorganisms impact our lives through biotechnology?
-metabolism
-growth
-evolution
-differentiation
-motility
-genetic exchange
-communication - Answers Name 6 abilities/characteristics of living cells.
, Robert Hooke - Answers Who was the first to use a microscope to see microorganisms?
fruiting of molds - Answers What did Robert Hooke see?
a glorified magnifying glass - Answers What type of microscope did Robert Hooke use?
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek - Answers Who was the first to use a microscope to see bacteria?
He made drawings and took a picture through his crude microscope - Answers How do we know
Leeuwenhoek saw bacteria?
A crude single lens - Answers What kind of microscope did Leeuwenhoek use?
-allows cell shape and arrangement to be seen
-allows structures to be seen
-allows pathogens to be seen
-allows differentiation of gram (+) and (-) - Answers List at least 4 ways microscopy is useful.
-bright field
-phase contrast
-dark field
-fluorescent - Answers What are the four types of light microscopy?
stain it using basic dyes - Answers What must be done to a microorganism to be able to see it
with brightfield light microscopy?
phase contrast and dark field - Answers Which types of light microscopy allow you to view a live
sample?
~ 0.2 micrometers, meaning 2 specimen must be this far apart in order to be distinguishable -
Answers What is the maximum resolution of a compound light microscope? Describe what that
value means in practical terms when viewing a specimen.
Transmission and scanning. TEM to see internal structures. SEM to see surfaces. - Answers
What are the two types of electron microscopy? When would you use one type instead of the
other?
0.2 - 4.0 nanometers - Answers What is the maximum resolution of an electron microscope?
0.2 microns is the size of the smallest free-living pathogenic bacterium Mycoplasma genitalium.
- Answers What is the smallest microbial cell size discovered thus far?
high SA to V ratio - Answers Would Mycoplasma genitalium have a high or low surface area-to-
