SUR 122 - Final Exam Review
(updated) questions with correct
answers
GI ORGANS - correct answer ✔✔ Mouth, Esophagus, UES - upper esophageal sphincter, LES -
lower esophageal sphincter, Stomach, Small intestine, Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum, Large
intestine, Cecum, Ascending, Transverse, Descending, Sigmoid, Rectum, Anus
ACCESSORY GI ORGANS - correct answer ✔✔ • Tongue
• Salivary glands
• Pancreas
• Endocrine function = Islets of Langerhans (insulin)
• Exocrine function = juice breaks down fats, protein, carbs, nucleic acids
• Liver
• Largest parenchymal organ
• Produces bile that breaks down fat
• Detoxifies
• Stores sugar
• Stores vitamins (A, D, E, K)
• Gallbladder - stores bile, releases bile to aid in digestion/absorption of fat
• Spleen - largest mass of lymphatic tissue in the body
MAJOR ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES - correct answer ✔✔ • Ligament of Treitz
• Pyloric sphincter
• Ileocecal valve
,• UES
• LES
DYSPHAGIA - correct answer ✔✔ difficulty swallowing
MESENTARY - correct answer ✔✔ • Aka peritoneal folds
• Contains blood vessels, nerves and lymph vessels
• Holds everything together in the abdomen
JAUNDICE - correct answer ✔✔ • Aka icterus
• Yellowish tinge to skin
• Caused by excess of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia)
• Causes - inflamed liver, obstructed bile duct, etc.
ADHESIONS - correct answer ✔✔ • Fibrous bands that form between tissues/organs
• Internal scar tissue that connects tissue not normally connected (ex: bowel that is attached to
the abdominal wall)
• Often result on injury during surgery
LARGEST MASS OF LYMPHATIC TISSUE - correct answer ✔✔ =SPLEEN
• LUQ (left upper quadrant)
• Filtration of old RBCs
• White pulp = lymphocytes
• Red pulp = erythrocyte storage
BEZOAR - correct answer ✔✔ = solid mass of indigestible material (many different
classifications) that accumulates in the digestive tract and may cause a blockage
, USED TO SUTURWE FRIABLE TISSUE (LIVER/SPLEEN) - correct answer ✔✔ blunt tipped needle
OPENING INCISION FOR CHOLECYSTECTOMY - correct answer ✔✔ right subcostal
(kocher)
INDIRECT VS. DIRECT HERNIA - correct answer ✔✔ • Mostly occur in men
• **Indirect**
• Outside of Hesselbach's triangle
• **Direct**
• Inside Hesselbach's triangle
• Pantaloon = both indirect and direct hernias are present
TRIANGLE OF CALOT - correct answer ✔✔ = landmark so they know where to cut the cystic duct
and cystic artery during a cholecystectomy
PNEUMOPERITONEUM - correct answer ✔✔ • Space created with insufflation
• Used when performing laparoscopic surgery
• Insufflated with CO2
BREAST ENLARGMENT IN MEN - correct answer ✔✔ Gynecomastia =caused by hormone
imbalance
CONTRACT MEDIA - correct answer ✔✔ • Solution injected into arteries, veins or ducts during a
radiographic exam that is radiopaque and stands out in contrast to surrounding tissues
• Contain iodine (must check allergies)
• Examples - Hypaque, Cystografin, Renografin
(updated) questions with correct
answers
GI ORGANS - correct answer ✔✔ Mouth, Esophagus, UES - upper esophageal sphincter, LES -
lower esophageal sphincter, Stomach, Small intestine, Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum, Large
intestine, Cecum, Ascending, Transverse, Descending, Sigmoid, Rectum, Anus
ACCESSORY GI ORGANS - correct answer ✔✔ • Tongue
• Salivary glands
• Pancreas
• Endocrine function = Islets of Langerhans (insulin)
• Exocrine function = juice breaks down fats, protein, carbs, nucleic acids
• Liver
• Largest parenchymal organ
• Produces bile that breaks down fat
• Detoxifies
• Stores sugar
• Stores vitamins (A, D, E, K)
• Gallbladder - stores bile, releases bile to aid in digestion/absorption of fat
• Spleen - largest mass of lymphatic tissue in the body
MAJOR ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES - correct answer ✔✔ • Ligament of Treitz
• Pyloric sphincter
• Ileocecal valve
,• UES
• LES
DYSPHAGIA - correct answer ✔✔ difficulty swallowing
MESENTARY - correct answer ✔✔ • Aka peritoneal folds
• Contains blood vessels, nerves and lymph vessels
• Holds everything together in the abdomen
JAUNDICE - correct answer ✔✔ • Aka icterus
• Yellowish tinge to skin
• Caused by excess of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia)
• Causes - inflamed liver, obstructed bile duct, etc.
ADHESIONS - correct answer ✔✔ • Fibrous bands that form between tissues/organs
• Internal scar tissue that connects tissue not normally connected (ex: bowel that is attached to
the abdominal wall)
• Often result on injury during surgery
LARGEST MASS OF LYMPHATIC TISSUE - correct answer ✔✔ =SPLEEN
• LUQ (left upper quadrant)
• Filtration of old RBCs
• White pulp = lymphocytes
• Red pulp = erythrocyte storage
BEZOAR - correct answer ✔✔ = solid mass of indigestible material (many different
classifications) that accumulates in the digestive tract and may cause a blockage
, USED TO SUTURWE FRIABLE TISSUE (LIVER/SPLEEN) - correct answer ✔✔ blunt tipped needle
OPENING INCISION FOR CHOLECYSTECTOMY - correct answer ✔✔ right subcostal
(kocher)
INDIRECT VS. DIRECT HERNIA - correct answer ✔✔ • Mostly occur in men
• **Indirect**
• Outside of Hesselbach's triangle
• **Direct**
• Inside Hesselbach's triangle
• Pantaloon = both indirect and direct hernias are present
TRIANGLE OF CALOT - correct answer ✔✔ = landmark so they know where to cut the cystic duct
and cystic artery during a cholecystectomy
PNEUMOPERITONEUM - correct answer ✔✔ • Space created with insufflation
• Used when performing laparoscopic surgery
• Insufflated with CO2
BREAST ENLARGMENT IN MEN - correct answer ✔✔ Gynecomastia =caused by hormone
imbalance
CONTRACT MEDIA - correct answer ✔✔ • Solution injected into arteries, veins or ducts during a
radiographic exam that is radiopaque and stands out in contrast to surrounding tissues
• Contain iodine (must check allergies)
• Examples - Hypaque, Cystografin, Renografin
