NUR1025 EXAM #3 (Ch 41, 42, 50) – Questions With
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Terms in this set (116)
-As the fetus grows, the uterus uterus gets larger &
pushes abdominal contents upward against the
diaphragm
PREGNANCY AFFECTING
-In the last trimester of pregnancy, the inspiratory
CHEST WALL MOVEMENT
capacity declines
-resulting in dyspnea (shortness of breath) on exertion
-increased fatigue
-reduced lung volumes from the heavy lower thorax
and abdomen
-obstructive sleep apnea when in the recumbent and
supine positions
-obesity-hypoventilation syndrome: develops when
OBESITY AFFECTING
oxygenation is decreased and carbon dioxide is
CHEST WALL MOVEMENT
retained
-susceptible to atelectasis (collapsed lung(s)) or
pneumonia after surgery because the lungs do not
expand fully and the lower lobes retain pulmonary
secretions
-impairments in the thoracic region reduce oxygenation
MUSCULOSKELETAL -abnormal structural configurations, trauma, muscular
ABNORMALITIES diseases, and diseases of the central nervous system
AFFECTING CHEST WALL -ex) pectus excavatum affect the rib cage
MOVEMENT -ex) kyphosis, lordosis, or scoliosis affect the vertebral
column
, -rib fracture/bruising causes pain and results in reduced
ventilation
-Flail chest:
*multiple rib fractures cause chest wall instability
*causes the lung under the injured area to contract on
TRAUMA AFFECTING inspiration and bulge on expiration
CHEST WALL MOVEMENT *resulting in hypoxia
-pt's after surgery to chest/upper abdomen shallow
breathe to avoid pain
*decreasing chest wall movement
-Opioids for pain depress the respirations
*decreasing respiratory rate and chest wall expansion
-decreasing a patient's ability to expand and contract
the chest wall
-Ventilation is impaired (hypoventilation) resulting in:
NEUROMUSCULAR
*atelectasis- collapsed lung(s)
DISEASES AFFECTING
*hypercapnia- excessive o2 in blood
CHEST WALL MOVEMENT
*hypoxemia- abnormally low o2 in blood
-ex) myasthenia gravis
-ex) Guillain-Barré syndrome
-Impaired Ventilation due to Medulla Oblongata and
Spinal Cord Issues
-if Medulla Oblongata affected:
*impaired neural ventilation regulation
*result in abnormal breathing patterns
CNS ALTERATIONS
-Cervical Trauma at C3 to C5:
AFFECTING CHEST WALL
*Phrenic nerve paralysis
MOVEMENT
*diaphragm does not descend properly
*Reduced inspiratory lung volumes
*Hypoxemia
-Spinal Cord Trauma below C5 Vertebrae
*Prevention of anteroposterior chest
-Oxygenation decreases as a direct consequence of
chronic lung disease due to alveolar and/or airway
INFLUENCES OF alterations
CHRONIC LUNG DISEASE -ex) barrel chest from COPD or cystic fibrosis
-ex) varying degrees of dyspnea, tachypnea,
hypoxemia, and/or hypercapnia
, FACTORS INFLUENCING -tissue oxygenation affected by:
OXYGENATION *developmental stage of a patient
(DEVELOPMENTAL) *normal aging process
-Healthy full-term infants younger than 3 months of age:
*lower infection rate because of maternal antibodies
-infants from 3 to 6 months of age:
*infection rate increases
FACTORS INFLUENCING
-at risk for upper respiratory tract infections
OXYGENATION (INFANTS
*higher risk when exposed to secondhand smoke or
& TODDLERS)
other children
-at risk for airway obstruction
*anatomically smaller airways
*tendency to place foreign objects in their mouths
-exposed to respiratory infections
-exposed to respiratory risk factors
*cigarette smoking/secondhand smoke
-at risk for experimenting with cigarette smoking/other
FACTORS INFLUENCING
recreational inhalants
OXYGENATION (SCHOOL
-other cardiopulmonary disease risk factors such as:
AGE/ADOLESCENTS)
*obesity
*inactive lifestyles
*unhealthy diets
*excessive use caffeinated beverages/energy drinks
-exposed to multiple cardiopulmonary risk factors:
*unhealthy diet
*lack of exercise
*stress
FACTORS INFLUENCING
*over-the-counter/prescription drugs not used as
OXYGENATION
intended
(YOUNG/MIDDLE-AGE
*illegal substances
ADULTS)
*smoking
-the time when individuals establish lifelong habits and
lifestyles
-reduce the factors, reduce the risk
Step By Step Solutions
Save
Terms in this set (116)
-As the fetus grows, the uterus uterus gets larger &
pushes abdominal contents upward against the
diaphragm
PREGNANCY AFFECTING
-In the last trimester of pregnancy, the inspiratory
CHEST WALL MOVEMENT
capacity declines
-resulting in dyspnea (shortness of breath) on exertion
-increased fatigue
-reduced lung volumes from the heavy lower thorax
and abdomen
-obstructive sleep apnea when in the recumbent and
supine positions
-obesity-hypoventilation syndrome: develops when
OBESITY AFFECTING
oxygenation is decreased and carbon dioxide is
CHEST WALL MOVEMENT
retained
-susceptible to atelectasis (collapsed lung(s)) or
pneumonia after surgery because the lungs do not
expand fully and the lower lobes retain pulmonary
secretions
-impairments in the thoracic region reduce oxygenation
MUSCULOSKELETAL -abnormal structural configurations, trauma, muscular
ABNORMALITIES diseases, and diseases of the central nervous system
AFFECTING CHEST WALL -ex) pectus excavatum affect the rib cage
MOVEMENT -ex) kyphosis, lordosis, or scoliosis affect the vertebral
column
, -rib fracture/bruising causes pain and results in reduced
ventilation
-Flail chest:
*multiple rib fractures cause chest wall instability
*causes the lung under the injured area to contract on
TRAUMA AFFECTING inspiration and bulge on expiration
CHEST WALL MOVEMENT *resulting in hypoxia
-pt's after surgery to chest/upper abdomen shallow
breathe to avoid pain
*decreasing chest wall movement
-Opioids for pain depress the respirations
*decreasing respiratory rate and chest wall expansion
-decreasing a patient's ability to expand and contract
the chest wall
-Ventilation is impaired (hypoventilation) resulting in:
NEUROMUSCULAR
*atelectasis- collapsed lung(s)
DISEASES AFFECTING
*hypercapnia- excessive o2 in blood
CHEST WALL MOVEMENT
*hypoxemia- abnormally low o2 in blood
-ex) myasthenia gravis
-ex) Guillain-Barré syndrome
-Impaired Ventilation due to Medulla Oblongata and
Spinal Cord Issues
-if Medulla Oblongata affected:
*impaired neural ventilation regulation
*result in abnormal breathing patterns
CNS ALTERATIONS
-Cervical Trauma at C3 to C5:
AFFECTING CHEST WALL
*Phrenic nerve paralysis
MOVEMENT
*diaphragm does not descend properly
*Reduced inspiratory lung volumes
*Hypoxemia
-Spinal Cord Trauma below C5 Vertebrae
*Prevention of anteroposterior chest
-Oxygenation decreases as a direct consequence of
chronic lung disease due to alveolar and/or airway
INFLUENCES OF alterations
CHRONIC LUNG DISEASE -ex) barrel chest from COPD or cystic fibrosis
-ex) varying degrees of dyspnea, tachypnea,
hypoxemia, and/or hypercapnia
, FACTORS INFLUENCING -tissue oxygenation affected by:
OXYGENATION *developmental stage of a patient
(DEVELOPMENTAL) *normal aging process
-Healthy full-term infants younger than 3 months of age:
*lower infection rate because of maternal antibodies
-infants from 3 to 6 months of age:
*infection rate increases
FACTORS INFLUENCING
-at risk for upper respiratory tract infections
OXYGENATION (INFANTS
*higher risk when exposed to secondhand smoke or
& TODDLERS)
other children
-at risk for airway obstruction
*anatomically smaller airways
*tendency to place foreign objects in their mouths
-exposed to respiratory infections
-exposed to respiratory risk factors
*cigarette smoking/secondhand smoke
-at risk for experimenting with cigarette smoking/other
FACTORS INFLUENCING
recreational inhalants
OXYGENATION (SCHOOL
-other cardiopulmonary disease risk factors such as:
AGE/ADOLESCENTS)
*obesity
*inactive lifestyles
*unhealthy diets
*excessive use caffeinated beverages/energy drinks
-exposed to multiple cardiopulmonary risk factors:
*unhealthy diet
*lack of exercise
*stress
FACTORS INFLUENCING
*over-the-counter/prescription drugs not used as
OXYGENATION
intended
(YOUNG/MIDDLE-AGE
*illegal substances
ADULTS)
*smoking
-the time when individuals establish lifelong habits and
lifestyles
-reduce the factors, reduce the risk
