,Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care, 6th Edition, Brian K. Walsh Test Bank
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
Table of Contents
pv pv
Chapter 1. Fetal Lung Development
pv pv pv pv
Chapter 2. Fetal Gas Exchange and Circulation
pv pv pv pv pv pv
Chapter 3. Antenatal Assessment and High-Risk Delivery
pv pv pv pv pv pv
Chapter 4. Examination and Assessment of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
Chapter 5. Pulmonary Function Testing and Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
Chapter 6. Radiographic Assessment
pv pv pv
Chapter 7. Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy
pv pv pv pv
Chapter 8. Invasive Blood Gas Analysis and Cardiovascular Monitoring
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
Chapter 9. Noninvasive Monitoring in Neonatal and Pediatric Care
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
Chapter 10. Oxygen Administration
pv pv pv
Chapter 11. Aerosols and Administration of Inhaled Medications
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
Chapter 12. Airway Clearance Techniques and Hyperinflation Therapy
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
Chapter 13. Airway Management
pv pv pv
Chapter 14. Surfactant Replacement Therapy
pv pv pv pv
Chapter 15. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation and Continuous Positive Pressure of the Neonate
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
Chapter 16. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Infant and Child
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
Chapter 17. Invasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Neonate and Pediatric Patient
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
Chapter 18. Administration of Gas Mixtures
pv pv pv pv pv
Chapter 19. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
pv pv pv pv
Chapter 20. Pharmacology
pv pv
Chapter 21. Thoracic Organ Transplantation
pv pv pv pv
Chapter 22. Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders
pv pv pv pv
Chapter 23. Surgical Disorders in Childhood that Affect Respiratory Care
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
Chapter 24. Congenital Cardiac Defects
pv pv pv pv
Chapter 25. Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing
pv pv pv pv
Chapter 26. Pediatric Airway Disorders and Parenchymal Lung Diseases
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
Chapter 27. Asthma
pv pv
Chapter 28. Cystic Fibrosis
pv pv pv
Chapter 29. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
pv pv pv pv pv
Chapter 30. Shock
pv pv
Chapter 31. Pediatric Trauma
pv pv pv
Chapter 32. Disorders of the Pleura
pv pv pv pv pv
Chapter 33. Neurological and Neuromuscular Disorders
pv pv pv pv pv
Chapter 34. Pediatric Emergencies
pv pv pv
Chapter 35. Home Care of the Postpartum Family
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
Chapter 36. Quality and Safety
pv pv pv pv
,Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development
pv pv pv pv
Walsh: Neonatal & Pediatric Respiratory Care 6th Edition Test Bank (2020)
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
MULTIPLE CHOICE pv
1. Which of the following phases of human lung development is characterized by the formati
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
on of a capillary network around airway passages?
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS: D pv
The canalicular phase follows the pseudoglandular phase, lasting from approximately 17 w
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
eeks to 26 weeks of gestation. This phase is so named because of the appearance of vascular
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
channels, or capillaries, which begin to grow by forming a capillary network around the a
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
ir passages. During the pseudoglandular stage, which begins at day 52 and extends to wee
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
k 16 of gestation, the airway system subdivides extensively and the conducting airway sys
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
tem develops, ending with the terminal bronchioles. The saccular stage of development, w
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
hich takes place from weeks 29 to 36 of gestation, is characterized by the development of s
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
acs that later become alveoli. During the saccular phase, a tremendous increase in the pote
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
ntial gas- pv
exchanging surface area occurs. The distinction between the saccular stage and the alveol
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
ar stage is arbitrary. The alveolar stage stretches from 39 weeks of gestation to term. This
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
stage is represented by the establishment of alveoli.
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
REF: pp. 3-5 pv p v
2. Regarding postnatal lung growth, by approximately what age do most of the alveoli that w
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
ill be present in the lungs for life develop?
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
a. 6 months pv
b. 1 year pv
c. 1.5 years pv
d. 2 years pv
ANS: C pv
Most of the postnatal formation of alveoli in the infant occurs over the first 1.5 years of li
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
fe. At 2 years of age, the number of alveoli varies substantially among individuals. After 2 y
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
ears of age, males have more alveoli than do females. After alveolar multiplication ends, t
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
he alveoli continue to increase in size until thoracic growth is completed.
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
REF: p. 6 pv pv
3. The respiratory therapist is evaluating a newborn with mild respiratory distress due to trache
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
al stenosis. During which period of lung development did this problem develop?
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
, a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS: A pv
The initial structures of the pulmonary tree develop during the embryonal stage. Errors in
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
development during this time may result in laryngeal, tracheal, or esophageal atresia or ste
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
nosis. Pulmonary hypoplasia, an incomplete development of the lungs characterized by an ab
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
normally low number and/or size of bronchopulmonary segments and/or alveoli, can devel
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
op during the pseudoglandular phase. If the fetus is born during the canalicular phase (i.e.,
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
prematurely), severe respiratory distress can be expected because the inadequately develo
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
ped airways, along with insufficient and immature surfactant production by alveolar type I
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
I cells, gives rise to the constellation of problems known as infant respiratory distress syn
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
drome.
REF: pvpv p. 6 pv
4. Which of the following mechanisms is (are) responsible for the possible association betwee
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
n oligohydramnios and lung hypoplasia?
pv pv pv pv
I. Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism pv pv
II. Mechanical restriction of the chest wall pv pv pv pv pv
III. Interference with fetal breathing pv pv pv
IV. Failure to produce fetal lung liquid pv pv pv pv pv
a. I and III onlypv pv pv
b. II and III only pv pv pv
c. I, II, and IV onlypv pv pv pv
d. II, III, and IV only pv pv pv pv
ANS: D pv
Oligohydramnios, a reduced quantity of amniotic fluid present for an extended period of tim
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
e, with or without renal anomalies, is associated with lung hypoplasia. The mechanisms by
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv p
which amniotic fluid volume influences lung growth remain unclear. Possible explanations f
v pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
or reduced quantity of amniotic fluid include mechanical restriction of the chest wall, interf
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
erence with fetal breathing, or failure to produce fetal lung liquid. These clinical and experi
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
mental observations possibly point to a common denominator, lung stretch, as being a maj
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
or growth stimulant.
pv pv
REF: pp. 6-7 pv pv
5. What is the purpose of the substance secreted by the type II pneumocyte?
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
a. To increase the gas exchange surface area
pv pv pv pv pv pv
b. To reduce surface tension
pv pv pv
c. To maintain lung elasticity
pv pv pv
d. To preserve the volume of the amniotic fluid
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
Table of Contents
pv pv
Chapter 1. Fetal Lung Development
pv pv pv pv
Chapter 2. Fetal Gas Exchange and Circulation
pv pv pv pv pv pv
Chapter 3. Antenatal Assessment and High-Risk Delivery
pv pv pv pv pv pv
Chapter 4. Examination and Assessment of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
Chapter 5. Pulmonary Function Testing and Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
Chapter 6. Radiographic Assessment
pv pv pv
Chapter 7. Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy
pv pv pv pv
Chapter 8. Invasive Blood Gas Analysis and Cardiovascular Monitoring
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
Chapter 9. Noninvasive Monitoring in Neonatal and Pediatric Care
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
Chapter 10. Oxygen Administration
pv pv pv
Chapter 11. Aerosols and Administration of Inhaled Medications
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
Chapter 12. Airway Clearance Techniques and Hyperinflation Therapy
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
Chapter 13. Airway Management
pv pv pv
Chapter 14. Surfactant Replacement Therapy
pv pv pv pv
Chapter 15. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation and Continuous Positive Pressure of the Neonate
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
Chapter 16. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Infant and Child
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
Chapter 17. Invasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Neonate and Pediatric Patient
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
Chapter 18. Administration of Gas Mixtures
pv pv pv pv pv
Chapter 19. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
pv pv pv pv
Chapter 20. Pharmacology
pv pv
Chapter 21. Thoracic Organ Transplantation
pv pv pv pv
Chapter 22. Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders
pv pv pv pv
Chapter 23. Surgical Disorders in Childhood that Affect Respiratory Care
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
Chapter 24. Congenital Cardiac Defects
pv pv pv pv
Chapter 25. Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing
pv pv pv pv
Chapter 26. Pediatric Airway Disorders and Parenchymal Lung Diseases
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
Chapter 27. Asthma
pv pv
Chapter 28. Cystic Fibrosis
pv pv pv
Chapter 29. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
pv pv pv pv pv
Chapter 30. Shock
pv pv
Chapter 31. Pediatric Trauma
pv pv pv
Chapter 32. Disorders of the Pleura
pv pv pv pv pv
Chapter 33. Neurological and Neuromuscular Disorders
pv pv pv pv pv
Chapter 34. Pediatric Emergencies
pv pv pv
Chapter 35. Home Care of the Postpartum Family
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
Chapter 36. Quality and Safety
pv pv pv pv
,Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development
pv pv pv pv
Walsh: Neonatal & Pediatric Respiratory Care 6th Edition Test Bank (2020)
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
MULTIPLE CHOICE pv
1. Which of the following phases of human lung development is characterized by the formati
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
on of a capillary network around airway passages?
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS: D pv
The canalicular phase follows the pseudoglandular phase, lasting from approximately 17 w
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
eeks to 26 weeks of gestation. This phase is so named because of the appearance of vascular
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
channels, or capillaries, which begin to grow by forming a capillary network around the a
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
ir passages. During the pseudoglandular stage, which begins at day 52 and extends to wee
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
k 16 of gestation, the airway system subdivides extensively and the conducting airway sys
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
tem develops, ending with the terminal bronchioles. The saccular stage of development, w
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
hich takes place from weeks 29 to 36 of gestation, is characterized by the development of s
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
acs that later become alveoli. During the saccular phase, a tremendous increase in the pote
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
ntial gas- pv
exchanging surface area occurs. The distinction between the saccular stage and the alveol
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
ar stage is arbitrary. The alveolar stage stretches from 39 weeks of gestation to term. This
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
stage is represented by the establishment of alveoli.
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
REF: pp. 3-5 pv p v
2. Regarding postnatal lung growth, by approximately what age do most of the alveoli that w
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
ill be present in the lungs for life develop?
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
a. 6 months pv
b. 1 year pv
c. 1.5 years pv
d. 2 years pv
ANS: C pv
Most of the postnatal formation of alveoli in the infant occurs over the first 1.5 years of li
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
fe. At 2 years of age, the number of alveoli varies substantially among individuals. After 2 y
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
ears of age, males have more alveoli than do females. After alveolar multiplication ends, t
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
he alveoli continue to increase in size until thoracic growth is completed.
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
REF: p. 6 pv pv
3. The respiratory therapist is evaluating a newborn with mild respiratory distress due to trache
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
al stenosis. During which period of lung development did this problem develop?
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
, a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS: A pv
The initial structures of the pulmonary tree develop during the embryonal stage. Errors in
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
development during this time may result in laryngeal, tracheal, or esophageal atresia or ste
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
nosis. Pulmonary hypoplasia, an incomplete development of the lungs characterized by an ab
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
normally low number and/or size of bronchopulmonary segments and/or alveoli, can devel
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
op during the pseudoglandular phase. If the fetus is born during the canalicular phase (i.e.,
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
prematurely), severe respiratory distress can be expected because the inadequately develo
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
ped airways, along with insufficient and immature surfactant production by alveolar type I
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
I cells, gives rise to the constellation of problems known as infant respiratory distress syn
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
drome.
REF: pvpv p. 6 pv
4. Which of the following mechanisms is (are) responsible for the possible association betwee
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
n oligohydramnios and lung hypoplasia?
pv pv pv pv
I. Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism pv pv
II. Mechanical restriction of the chest wall pv pv pv pv pv
III. Interference with fetal breathing pv pv pv
IV. Failure to produce fetal lung liquid pv pv pv pv pv
a. I and III onlypv pv pv
b. II and III only pv pv pv
c. I, II, and IV onlypv pv pv pv
d. II, III, and IV only pv pv pv pv
ANS: D pv
Oligohydramnios, a reduced quantity of amniotic fluid present for an extended period of tim
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
e, with or without renal anomalies, is associated with lung hypoplasia. The mechanisms by
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv p
which amniotic fluid volume influences lung growth remain unclear. Possible explanations f
v pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
or reduced quantity of amniotic fluid include mechanical restriction of the chest wall, interf
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
erence with fetal breathing, or failure to produce fetal lung liquid. These clinical and experi
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
mental observations possibly point to a common denominator, lung stretch, as being a maj
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
or growth stimulant.
pv pv
REF: pp. 6-7 pv pv
5. What is the purpose of the substance secreted by the type II pneumocyte?
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
a. To increase the gas exchange surface area
pv pv pv pv pv pv
b. To reduce surface tension
pv pv pv
c. To maintain lung elasticity
pv pv pv
d. To preserve the volume of the amniotic fluid
pv pv pv pv pv pv pv
