Reproductive Health – Endometriosis exam
1. What is endometriosis?: - chronic condition in which there is the presence of endometrial glands and
stroma in any extrauterine site that respond to hormonal fluctuations of the menstrual cycle
2. Which patients are at increased risk for endometriosis?: - First degree relative with
endometriosis
- Nulliparity (never given birth)
- Early menarche or late menopause
3. Who is endometriosis MC in?: MC in reproductive age > postmenopausal women
- Peak prevalence = 25-35 y/o
4. What can endometriosis cause?: - infertility
- preterm birth and miscarriages
- epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC)
- atherosclerosis
- cardiovascular disease
5. What is the Sampson theory for endometriosis?: Retrograde menstruation:
- Direct implantation of endometrial cells, as they move out through the fallopian tubes and into the pelvic cavity, instead
1/5
, of out through the vagina
- consistent with occurrence of pelvic endometriosis and predilection for ovaries and pelvic peritoneum
6. What is the Halban theory for endometriosis?: Vascular and lymphatic dissemination of
endometrial cells:
- Explains distant sites of endometriosis (lymph nodes, pleural cavity, kidney)
7. What is the Meyer theory for endometriosis?: Coelomic metaplasia of multipotential cells in
peritoneal cavity:
- cells can develop into functional endometrial tissue
- explains early development of endometriosis in some adolescents before onset of menstruation
8. What is the MC site for endometriosis?: MC = OVARIES and BILATERAL
9. What are other common involved sites for endometriosis?: - pouch of Douglas or
posterior cul-de-sac
- round ligament
- uterine tubes
- sigmoid colon
10. What are rare involved sites for endometriosis?: - abdominal surgical scars
- umbilicus
2/5
1. What is endometriosis?: - chronic condition in which there is the presence of endometrial glands and
stroma in any extrauterine site that respond to hormonal fluctuations of the menstrual cycle
2. Which patients are at increased risk for endometriosis?: - First degree relative with
endometriosis
- Nulliparity (never given birth)
- Early menarche or late menopause
3. Who is endometriosis MC in?: MC in reproductive age > postmenopausal women
- Peak prevalence = 25-35 y/o
4. What can endometriosis cause?: - infertility
- preterm birth and miscarriages
- epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC)
- atherosclerosis
- cardiovascular disease
5. What is the Sampson theory for endometriosis?: Retrograde menstruation:
- Direct implantation of endometrial cells, as they move out through the fallopian tubes and into the pelvic cavity, instead
1/5
, of out through the vagina
- consistent with occurrence of pelvic endometriosis and predilection for ovaries and pelvic peritoneum
6. What is the Halban theory for endometriosis?: Vascular and lymphatic dissemination of
endometrial cells:
- Explains distant sites of endometriosis (lymph nodes, pleural cavity, kidney)
7. What is the Meyer theory for endometriosis?: Coelomic metaplasia of multipotential cells in
peritoneal cavity:
- cells can develop into functional endometrial tissue
- explains early development of endometriosis in some adolescents before onset of menstruation
8. What is the MC site for endometriosis?: MC = OVARIES and BILATERAL
9. What are other common involved sites for endometriosis?: - pouch of Douglas or
posterior cul-de-sac
- round ligament
- uterine tubes
- sigmoid colon
10. What are rare involved sites for endometriosis?: - abdominal surgical scars
- umbilicus
2/5
