NSG 506 exam 1 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

NSG 506 exam 1 QUESTIONS WITH |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




ANSWERS


is SVR or PVR supposed to be higher normally? - CORRECT
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ANSWERS ✔✔SVR |\




normal Qp:Qs - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1:1 |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




types of echo - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔TEE or TTE (TEE is
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invasive and requires sedation) |\ |\ |\




can an echo be done on a fetus? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔yes
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what does echo tell us about the heart? - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔size, location, position, function (systolic), shape
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fetal Qp:Qs and PVR:SVR - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Qp<Qs and
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PVR>SVR


what does clamping umbilical cord do? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-
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increase SVR
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- loss of prostaglandins
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why do fetal shunts close? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- lose of Pg
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- SVR>PVR
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,- Qp:Qs
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what does Pg do to vessels? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔vasodilates
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what is the most common birth defect? - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔CHD


when does heart development happen in fetus? - CORRECT
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ANSWERS ✔✔week 3-8 (very early) |\ |\ |\ |\




are most heart defects life threatening? - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔NO


when are most heart defects noted? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔in
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first year|\




when does fetal heart start beating? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔20
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days


85% percent of heart defects are of what origin? - CORRECT
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ANSWERS ✔✔multifactorial or unknown (environmental
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teratogens, familial) |\




~12% of heart defects are of what origin? - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔chromosomal abnormalities (Trisomy 21- Down's; 18- |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


Edward's; 13- Patau); DiGeorge |\ |\ |\

,2% of heart defects are from what? - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔maternal factors (esp. meds- lithium and antiepileptics); some
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viruses; insulin dependent DM; Lupus
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etiology of HF in kids? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔infection or heart
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defects
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symptoms of HF in kids? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-resting tachy
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-liver size; liver is only about 3-5 cm in infants so any change is
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pretty obvious. |\ |\




-feeding difficulties: failure to thrive, poor weight gain
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-fatigue, irritable |\ |\




-frequent resp. infections (fluid in lungs is a petri dish)
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-exercise intolerance |\




where should you look for edema in kids? - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔periorbital and sacrum |\ |\




how much weight should infants gain a day - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔30 g
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meds for CHF in kids - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-diuretics (get
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daily weights); decrease preload
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-ACE-I for decreasing afterload
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-digoxin (vomiting is the first sign for toxicity; kids won't be able
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to tell you they see halos around lights)
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, interventions for infants with CHF - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-time
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limited feeds (20-30min)|\ |\ |\




-keep head elevated while feeding (easier to swallow)
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-high cal |\




-NG supplementation
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when do you not want to put O2 on a kid? - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔fluid back up in lungs from VSD (O2 is a vasodilator= more
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fluid will get backed up in lungs)
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what do diuretics primarily manipulate? - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔preload


what do ACE-I primarily manipulate? - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔afterload (stops the vasoconstriction) |\ |\ |\




standard formula cal/oz - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔20 cal/oz
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cardiac cath placement in kids - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔through
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femoral artery or vein |\ |\ |\




complications of cardiac cath in kids - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


bleeding
-thrombus
-arrhythmias
-device embolization |\