CFI: Chapter 1- Fundamentals of Instructing(Complete
solutions)
Breifly define the word "learning". correct answersLearning can be defined as a change in
behavior as a result of an experience.
What are the basic characteristics of learning? correct answers-Learning is purposeful- each
student is ready to learn.
-Learning is a result of an experience- information cannot be pounded into a student's head.
-Learning is multifaceted-it involves verbal, conceptual, perceptual, and emotional all at once.
-Learning is an active process- for students to learn they must react and respond.
What are the laws of learning? correct answersReadiness
Exercise
Effect
Primacy
Intensity
Recency
What is the law of readiness? correct answersIndividuals learn best when they are ready to learn,
and they do not learn if there is no reason for it or lack motivation.
What is the law of exercise? correct answersThings most often repeated are best remembered.
What is the law of effect? correct answersLearning is strengthened with a pleasant feeling but
weakened when associated with an unpleasant feeling.
What is the law of primacy? correct answersPrimacy, the state of being first, often creates a
strong almost unshakeable impression.
What is the law of intensity? correct answersA vivid, dramatic or exciting lesson teaches more
than a boring one.
What is the law of recency? correct answersThings most recently learned are the best
remembered.
What is the basis of all learning? correct answersAll learning comes from perceptions that are
directed to the brain from one or more of the body's senses.
How do people learn? correct answersPerception-Initially learning comes from information the
body receives from the 5 senses.
Insight- the grouping of perceptions into meaningful wholes.
Motivation- the dominant force propelling a student to learn.
What are the 4 basic levels of learning? correct answers1) Rote- memorized
2) Understanding- perceiving and learning what has been taught.
, 3) Application- achieving the skill to apply what has been learned.
4) Correlation- associating what has been learned with other things previously learned.
State several principles used in learning a skill. (9) correct answersPhysical skills involve more
than muscles, desire to learn, patterns to follow, perform the skill, knowledge of results, progress
follows a pattern, duration and organization of a lesson, evaluation vs critique, and application of
skill.
Why do individuals forget what they have learned? correct answers1) disuse- a person forgets
things that they do not use.
2) interference- a certain experience has overshadowed or interfered with learning.
3) repression- the submersion of ideas into the unconscious mind. (unpleasant)
What actions can the instructor take to assist individuals in remembering what has been learned?
correct answers1) praise stimulates learning.
2) recall prompted by association.
3) teach with a favorable attitude towords the subject.
4) teach the subject that will stimulate as many senses as possible.
5) meaningful repitition aids recall.
Does positive or negative transfer of learning occur when a student learns a maneuver through
learning another maneuver? correct answersPositive
What are the 5 basic human needs? correct answers1) Physical
2) Safety
3) Social
4) Egotistical
5) Self-fulfillment
What are defense mechanisms? correct answersBehavioral patterns that are subconscious
defenses against the realities of unpleasant situations.
What are 8 common defense mechanisms? correct answers1) Compensation- disguise the
prescence of a bad quality by emphasizing a positive one.
2) Projection- blame their mistakes on others
3) Rationalization- excuses for poor performance.
4) Denial of reality- the student refuses to accept the poor performance.
5) Reaction formation- "who cares what other people think" attitude.
6) Flight- escaping frustrating situations by taking flight. Ex. Daydreaming
7) Aggression- taking out frustration on the instructor.
8) Resignation- students get so frustrated that they lose interest and quit.
What are the three basic elements of communication? correct answers1) the source
2) the symbols
3) the receiver
solutions)
Breifly define the word "learning". correct answersLearning can be defined as a change in
behavior as a result of an experience.
What are the basic characteristics of learning? correct answers-Learning is purposeful- each
student is ready to learn.
-Learning is a result of an experience- information cannot be pounded into a student's head.
-Learning is multifaceted-it involves verbal, conceptual, perceptual, and emotional all at once.
-Learning is an active process- for students to learn they must react and respond.
What are the laws of learning? correct answersReadiness
Exercise
Effect
Primacy
Intensity
Recency
What is the law of readiness? correct answersIndividuals learn best when they are ready to learn,
and they do not learn if there is no reason for it or lack motivation.
What is the law of exercise? correct answersThings most often repeated are best remembered.
What is the law of effect? correct answersLearning is strengthened with a pleasant feeling but
weakened when associated with an unpleasant feeling.
What is the law of primacy? correct answersPrimacy, the state of being first, often creates a
strong almost unshakeable impression.
What is the law of intensity? correct answersA vivid, dramatic or exciting lesson teaches more
than a boring one.
What is the law of recency? correct answersThings most recently learned are the best
remembered.
What is the basis of all learning? correct answersAll learning comes from perceptions that are
directed to the brain from one or more of the body's senses.
How do people learn? correct answersPerception-Initially learning comes from information the
body receives from the 5 senses.
Insight- the grouping of perceptions into meaningful wholes.
Motivation- the dominant force propelling a student to learn.
What are the 4 basic levels of learning? correct answers1) Rote- memorized
2) Understanding- perceiving and learning what has been taught.
, 3) Application- achieving the skill to apply what has been learned.
4) Correlation- associating what has been learned with other things previously learned.
State several principles used in learning a skill. (9) correct answersPhysical skills involve more
than muscles, desire to learn, patterns to follow, perform the skill, knowledge of results, progress
follows a pattern, duration and organization of a lesson, evaluation vs critique, and application of
skill.
Why do individuals forget what they have learned? correct answers1) disuse- a person forgets
things that they do not use.
2) interference- a certain experience has overshadowed or interfered with learning.
3) repression- the submersion of ideas into the unconscious mind. (unpleasant)
What actions can the instructor take to assist individuals in remembering what has been learned?
correct answers1) praise stimulates learning.
2) recall prompted by association.
3) teach with a favorable attitude towords the subject.
4) teach the subject that will stimulate as many senses as possible.
5) meaningful repitition aids recall.
Does positive or negative transfer of learning occur when a student learns a maneuver through
learning another maneuver? correct answersPositive
What are the 5 basic human needs? correct answers1) Physical
2) Safety
3) Social
4) Egotistical
5) Self-fulfillment
What are defense mechanisms? correct answersBehavioral patterns that are subconscious
defenses against the realities of unpleasant situations.
What are 8 common defense mechanisms? correct answers1) Compensation- disguise the
prescence of a bad quality by emphasizing a positive one.
2) Projection- blame their mistakes on others
3) Rationalization- excuses for poor performance.
4) Denial of reality- the student refuses to accept the poor performance.
5) Reaction formation- "who cares what other people think" attitude.
6) Flight- escaping frustrating situations by taking flight. Ex. Daydreaming
7) Aggression- taking out frustration on the instructor.
8) Resignation- students get so frustrated that they lose interest and quit.
What are the three basic elements of communication? correct answers1) the source
2) the symbols
3) the receiver
