NURS 231 FINAL EXAM VERSION A
AND B QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2026
What are the normal's for the following labs
1) Urine Specific Gravity
2) Serum Osmolality
3) ABG (pH, HCO3, PaCO2, PaO2)
4) troponin I
5) electrolyte panel( Na+, K+, Ca+, Mg+)
6) BUN & Creatinine
7) CBC ( hgb, hct, RBC, WBC, platelets) - Correct answer-1) 1.000-1.030
2) 270-300
3) pH 7.35-7.45// HC03 22-26// PaCO2 35-45// Pa02 80-100
4) troponin I <0.03 ng/mL
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,5) Na+ 135-145//K+ 3.5-5// Ca+ 9-10.5//Mg+ 1.2-2
6) BUN 10-20//Creat 0.5-1.2
7) hgb 12-18// hct 37-52%// rbc 4.2-6.1// wbc 5,000-10,000// platelets 150,000-
400,000
Match the lab profile with the most likely fluid imbalance like A) Fluid Volume
Deficit 2) Fluid Volume Excess
1) ____Na 148; Hct 40% yesterday, 49% today; serum osmolarity 308
2) ____Hgb 13.2 yesterday, 10.1 today; Urine specific gravity 1.001
3) ____BUN 45; Cr 0.7 - Correct answer-1) A
2) B
3) A
The nurse is preparing to administer lisinopril (Zestril) to a patient with acute
coronary syndrome. Which of the following findings should prompt the nurse to
hold the medication and consult the healthcare provider?
a) Serum sodium level 134
b) Serum potassium 5.6
c) Heart rate 58
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,d) Blood pressure 125/78 - Correct answer-b) Serum potassium 5.6
*ACE inhibitors can cause/exacerbate hyperkalemia.
The nurse is caring for a patient who is in hypovolemic shock following an
extensive burn injury. What is the intravenous fluid of choice for this patient in the
emergent phase of treatment?
a) Lactated Ringers
b) 0.45 NS with 20 mEq potassium chloride
c) Fresh Frozen Plasma
d) 5% Dextrose in saline - Correct answer-a) Lactated Ringers
*Isotonic solutions (crystalloids) are used to restore fluid volume in patients with
shock. Lactated Ringers is isotonic. Normal saline is also isotonic.
The client on a ventilator is assessed for untoward responses to the therapy. Which
of the following would indicate a possible complication of ventilator therapy?
a) Blood pressure has increased 5mmHg in the last 24 hours
b) Lung sounds absent on one side.
c) Forceful cough periodically
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, d) Broncho-vesicular breath sounds throughout peripheral lung fields. - Correct
answer-b) Lung sounds absent on one side.
*This may indicate a pneumothorax--a complication caused by barotrauma.
The pressure reading during inspiration on the ventilator of a client receiving
mechanical ventilation is high and alarming intermittently. What is the nurse's first
action?
a) Assess the client's oxygenation.
b) Call the RT to check the ventilator settings.
c) Listen for bilateral lung sounds.
d) Determine whether an air leak is present in the client's endotracheal tube cuff. -
Correct answer-a) Assess the client's oxygenation.
Which assessment finding best indicates that fluid resuscitation therapy for the
patient with hypertonic dehydration has acheived the desired effect?
a) Peripheral pulses changed from 1+ to 3+
b) Neck veins slightly distended @ 30 degrees
c) Serum sodium level has changed from 151 to 143.
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AND B QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2026
What are the normal's for the following labs
1) Urine Specific Gravity
2) Serum Osmolality
3) ABG (pH, HCO3, PaCO2, PaO2)
4) troponin I
5) electrolyte panel( Na+, K+, Ca+, Mg+)
6) BUN & Creatinine
7) CBC ( hgb, hct, RBC, WBC, platelets) - Correct answer-1) 1.000-1.030
2) 270-300
3) pH 7.35-7.45// HC03 22-26// PaCO2 35-45// Pa02 80-100
4) troponin I <0.03 ng/mL
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,5) Na+ 135-145//K+ 3.5-5// Ca+ 9-10.5//Mg+ 1.2-2
6) BUN 10-20//Creat 0.5-1.2
7) hgb 12-18// hct 37-52%// rbc 4.2-6.1// wbc 5,000-10,000// platelets 150,000-
400,000
Match the lab profile with the most likely fluid imbalance like A) Fluid Volume
Deficit 2) Fluid Volume Excess
1) ____Na 148; Hct 40% yesterday, 49% today; serum osmolarity 308
2) ____Hgb 13.2 yesterday, 10.1 today; Urine specific gravity 1.001
3) ____BUN 45; Cr 0.7 - Correct answer-1) A
2) B
3) A
The nurse is preparing to administer lisinopril (Zestril) to a patient with acute
coronary syndrome. Which of the following findings should prompt the nurse to
hold the medication and consult the healthcare provider?
a) Serum sodium level 134
b) Serum potassium 5.6
c) Heart rate 58
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,d) Blood pressure 125/78 - Correct answer-b) Serum potassium 5.6
*ACE inhibitors can cause/exacerbate hyperkalemia.
The nurse is caring for a patient who is in hypovolemic shock following an
extensive burn injury. What is the intravenous fluid of choice for this patient in the
emergent phase of treatment?
a) Lactated Ringers
b) 0.45 NS with 20 mEq potassium chloride
c) Fresh Frozen Plasma
d) 5% Dextrose in saline - Correct answer-a) Lactated Ringers
*Isotonic solutions (crystalloids) are used to restore fluid volume in patients with
shock. Lactated Ringers is isotonic. Normal saline is also isotonic.
The client on a ventilator is assessed for untoward responses to the therapy. Which
of the following would indicate a possible complication of ventilator therapy?
a) Blood pressure has increased 5mmHg in the last 24 hours
b) Lung sounds absent on one side.
c) Forceful cough periodically
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, d) Broncho-vesicular breath sounds throughout peripheral lung fields. - Correct
answer-b) Lung sounds absent on one side.
*This may indicate a pneumothorax--a complication caused by barotrauma.
The pressure reading during inspiration on the ventilator of a client receiving
mechanical ventilation is high and alarming intermittently. What is the nurse's first
action?
a) Assess the client's oxygenation.
b) Call the RT to check the ventilator settings.
c) Listen for bilateral lung sounds.
d) Determine whether an air leak is present in the client's endotracheal tube cuff. -
Correct answer-a) Assess the client's oxygenation.
Which assessment finding best indicates that fluid resuscitation therapy for the
patient with hypertonic dehydration has acheived the desired effect?
a) Peripheral pulses changed from 1+ to 3+
b) Neck veins slightly distended @ 30 degrees
c) Serum sodium level has changed from 151 to 143.
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