Pathophysiology Module 7 Exam 2026
Questions and Answers
Upper lower, middle, lower GI tract and accessory - Correct answer-upper: mouth,
esophagus, stomach
middle: duodenum, jejunum, ileum
lower: cecum, colon, rectum
accessory: salivary glands, liver, pancreas
what digestion starts in the stomach - Correct answer-carb and protein digestion
(by pepsin)
GI tract function - Correct answer-Digests food, absorbs nutrients and water into
the blood, and eliminates waste
What role(s) does the liver serve? - Correct answer-produces bile
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,metabolizes hormones and drugs
synthesize proteins, glucose, clotting factors
stores vitamins and minerals
changes ammonia to urea
converts fatty acids to ketones
stores glycogen
convert excess carbs to triglycerides for storage
What is the structure and function of the 4 layers of the GI wall? - Correct answer-
Mucosal layer: Produces mucus that lubricates and protects the lumen. Secretes
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, digestive enzymes and substances that break down food; Absorbs the breakdown
products of digestion; Maintains barrier for toxins.
Submucosal layer: blood vessels, nerves, and structures to secrete digestive
enzymes.
Muscularis externa: inner circularly arranged smooth muscle cells and an outer
layer of longitudinally arranged smooth muscle layers. Help move substances.
Serosal layer: which is a serous membrane; outermost layer of organs, called the
visceral peritoneum.
What is the mesentery? - Correct answer-double layer of peritoneum that encloses
a portion or all of one of the abdominal viscera and attaches it to the abdominal
wall.
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Questions and Answers
Upper lower, middle, lower GI tract and accessory - Correct answer-upper: mouth,
esophagus, stomach
middle: duodenum, jejunum, ileum
lower: cecum, colon, rectum
accessory: salivary glands, liver, pancreas
what digestion starts in the stomach - Correct answer-carb and protein digestion
(by pepsin)
GI tract function - Correct answer-Digests food, absorbs nutrients and water into
the blood, and eliminates waste
What role(s) does the liver serve? - Correct answer-produces bile
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,metabolizes hormones and drugs
synthesize proteins, glucose, clotting factors
stores vitamins and minerals
changes ammonia to urea
converts fatty acids to ketones
stores glycogen
convert excess carbs to triglycerides for storage
What is the structure and function of the 4 layers of the GI wall? - Correct answer-
Mucosal layer: Produces mucus that lubricates and protects the lumen. Secretes
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, digestive enzymes and substances that break down food; Absorbs the breakdown
products of digestion; Maintains barrier for toxins.
Submucosal layer: blood vessels, nerves, and structures to secrete digestive
enzymes.
Muscularis externa: inner circularly arranged smooth muscle cells and an outer
layer of longitudinally arranged smooth muscle layers. Help move substances.
Serosal layer: which is a serous membrane; outermost layer of organs, called the
visceral peritoneum.
What is the mesentery? - Correct answer-double layer of peritoneum that encloses
a portion or all of one of the abdominal viscera and attaches it to the abdominal
wall.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
