Portage Learning BIOD 101 Module 4 2025/2026 | Essential Biology I Study Guide (Verified Questions & Answers)

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Nutrition BIOD12
2025/2026
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, Adenine
Guanine
Nitrogenous bases of DNA Thymine
Cytosine



Contain 2 carbon-nitrogen rings, and Purines - A and G
4 nitrogen atoms

Contain 1 carbon-nitrogen ring, and Pyramidines - T and C
2 nitrogen atoms

Deoxyribose sugar chemically linked to each base in DNA

Nucleoside base + deoxyribose

Nucleotide base + deoxyribose + phosphate group

purine always pairs with pyramidine
complementary pairs (T+A), (C+G)

Hydrogen bonds
Occur when 2 negatively charged
atoms share a hydrogen atom


# of hydrogen bonds between A and two
T

# of hydrogen bonds between C and three
G

specified linear arrangement of nucleotides linked to the polynucleotide
sequence chains of DNA. Defines the entire organism


end terminating with a phosphate 5' (five prime) end
group

end terminating with a hydroxyl 3' (three prime) end
group

one side of the helix runs in the opposite (5'-3') direction of the other
antiparallel arrangement (3'-5)


Genome entire sequence of paired bases in DNA

A simple protein bound to DNA, involved in the coiling of chromosomes
histone proteins


Chromatin DNA sequences and their associated proteins

Chromosomes structures of packaged chromatin complexes

Somatic cell All of the body's cells except gametes

Number of chromosomes in each 46 (23 pairs)
somatic cell