SHS 485 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Which lobe of the brain is most anterior? - Answer -frontal
Areas in the brain formed predominantly of cell bodies and dendrites of neurons include:
- Answer -cortex & basal ganglia
Which lobe of the brain is most posterior? - Answer -occipital
Which of the following statements is true regarding primary and non-primary cortex: -
Answer -non-primary cortex may be involved in processing information from more than
one modality, whereas primary cortex is only involved in processing information from a
single modality
Read each of the following statements about the brain's white matter pathways. Which
is/are true? - Answer -Most pathways between hemispheres connect homologous
regions.
Which of the following is true regarding the thalamus? - Answer -it is an information
relay center, with reciprocal connections to many areas of the brain.
Language is __________ while ____________ must be explicitly taught to be learned. -
Answer -acquired with minimal exposure; reading
Which of the following is an example of a phonological rule of your mental grammar? -
Answer -the fact that "s" sounds different at the end of "shoes" than it does at the end of
"cats"
Who was the first to introduce the idea of functional localization in the brain? - Answer -
Gall through phrenology
Why is it that individuals with Broca's aphasia are aware of their deficits and find it
frustrating? - Answer -because they do not have comprehension problems, so they
understand the speech production errors that they make.
Which of the following is true about The Classical "House" Model of Aphasia? - Answer
--it includes two different possible repetition pathways
-it was the first model to suggest that the language system consists of different brain
regions working together in a network
-it includes a concept ("C") node, which corresponds to one specific region of the brain
Which of the following is true about The Classical "House" Model of Aphasia? - Answer
-It was first proposed by Carl Wernicke.
, One of the key features of ___________ aphasia is paragrammatism. - Answer -
Wernicke's
Which of the following lesions would likely produce the symptoms of Wernicke's
aphasia? - Answer -A large lesion centered in posterior temporal cortex
Topographic organization in primary cortex is: - Answer -referring to the fact that
primary cortex is organized systematically based on receptive fields
Based on what we now know today, which of the follow is true regarding conduction
aphasia? - Answer -It is due to cortical damage, in the posterior superior temporal lobe
Example of agrammatism - Answer -"Trunk....legs...big...animal."
Which is true regarding individuals with agrammatic comprehension? - Answer -they
may have a diagnosis of either Broca's or Conduction aphasia & they have problems
comprehending all sentences that are not in the standard SVO (subject-verb-object)
order
Which of the following best describes conduction aphasia? - Answer -according to the
house model, conduction aphasia is caused by damage to the arcuate fasciculus, but
researchers now know that conduction aphasia is caused by cortical damage in the
posterior temporal and inferior parietal lobes. Another aspect of conduction aphasia that
is not adequately explained by the house model is that phonemic paraphasias are often
present in the speech of individuals with conduction aphasia.
Morton was diagnosed with a closed-head TBI following a a car accident. What are
some of the behavioral disturbances that he might have? - Answer -uncoordinated and
delayed movements, confusion and disorientation, extreme/inappropriate emotional
responses
Why is it difficult to assess language function in TBI? - Answer -TBI patients often
perform normally on standard, traditional language assessments even if they have
difficulty communicating.
An individual who has a TBI often has a variety of impairments. Which of the following is
true regarding how these impairments are related to one another? - Answer -Deficits in
executive functions, memory, and attention often affect communication abilities.
Which of the following best describes the differences between aphasia due to a stroke
and language impairments due to TBI? - Answer -Language impairments due to TBI
are often more subtle, or masked by other cognitive impairments, than those seen in
aphasia.
Which lobe of the brain is most anterior? - Answer -frontal
Areas in the brain formed predominantly of cell bodies and dendrites of neurons include:
- Answer -cortex & basal ganglia
Which lobe of the brain is most posterior? - Answer -occipital
Which of the following statements is true regarding primary and non-primary cortex: -
Answer -non-primary cortex may be involved in processing information from more than
one modality, whereas primary cortex is only involved in processing information from a
single modality
Read each of the following statements about the brain's white matter pathways. Which
is/are true? - Answer -Most pathways between hemispheres connect homologous
regions.
Which of the following is true regarding the thalamus? - Answer -it is an information
relay center, with reciprocal connections to many areas of the brain.
Language is __________ while ____________ must be explicitly taught to be learned. -
Answer -acquired with minimal exposure; reading
Which of the following is an example of a phonological rule of your mental grammar? -
Answer -the fact that "s" sounds different at the end of "shoes" than it does at the end of
"cats"
Who was the first to introduce the idea of functional localization in the brain? - Answer -
Gall through phrenology
Why is it that individuals with Broca's aphasia are aware of their deficits and find it
frustrating? - Answer -because they do not have comprehension problems, so they
understand the speech production errors that they make.
Which of the following is true about The Classical "House" Model of Aphasia? - Answer
--it includes two different possible repetition pathways
-it was the first model to suggest that the language system consists of different brain
regions working together in a network
-it includes a concept ("C") node, which corresponds to one specific region of the brain
Which of the following is true about The Classical "House" Model of Aphasia? - Answer
-It was first proposed by Carl Wernicke.
, One of the key features of ___________ aphasia is paragrammatism. - Answer -
Wernicke's
Which of the following lesions would likely produce the symptoms of Wernicke's
aphasia? - Answer -A large lesion centered in posterior temporal cortex
Topographic organization in primary cortex is: - Answer -referring to the fact that
primary cortex is organized systematically based on receptive fields
Based on what we now know today, which of the follow is true regarding conduction
aphasia? - Answer -It is due to cortical damage, in the posterior superior temporal lobe
Example of agrammatism - Answer -"Trunk....legs...big...animal."
Which is true regarding individuals with agrammatic comprehension? - Answer -they
may have a diagnosis of either Broca's or Conduction aphasia & they have problems
comprehending all sentences that are not in the standard SVO (subject-verb-object)
order
Which of the following best describes conduction aphasia? - Answer -according to the
house model, conduction aphasia is caused by damage to the arcuate fasciculus, but
researchers now know that conduction aphasia is caused by cortical damage in the
posterior temporal and inferior parietal lobes. Another aspect of conduction aphasia that
is not adequately explained by the house model is that phonemic paraphasias are often
present in the speech of individuals with conduction aphasia.
Morton was diagnosed with a closed-head TBI following a a car accident. What are
some of the behavioral disturbances that he might have? - Answer -uncoordinated and
delayed movements, confusion and disorientation, extreme/inappropriate emotional
responses
Why is it difficult to assess language function in TBI? - Answer -TBI patients often
perform normally on standard, traditional language assessments even if they have
difficulty communicating.
An individual who has a TBI often has a variety of impairments. Which of the following is
true regarding how these impairments are related to one another? - Answer -Deficits in
executive functions, memory, and attention often affect communication abilities.
Which of the following best describes the differences between aphasia due to a stroke
and language impairments due to TBI? - Answer -Language impairments due to TBI
are often more subtle, or masked by other cognitive impairments, than those seen in
aphasia.
