Pilbeam 7fMech 7fVent 7fTest 7fBank 7fAnswer 7fKey
Teacher’s 7fEdition
Chapter 7f01: 7fBasic 7fTerms 7fand 7fConcepts 7fof 7fMechanical 7fVentilation
Cairo: 7fPilbeam’s 7fMechanical 7fVentilation: 7fPhysiological 7fand 7fClinical 7fApplications,
7f7th 7fEdition
MULTIPLE 7fCHOICE
1. The 7fbody’s 7fmechanism 7ffor 7fconducting 7fair 7fin 7fand 7fout 7fof 7fthe 7flungs 7fis 7fknown 7fas 7fwhich 7fof 7fthe
7ffollowing?
a. External 7frespiration
b. Internal 7frespiration
c. Spontaneous 7fventilation
d. Mechanical 7fventilation
ANS: C
The 7fconduction 7fof 7fair 7fin 7fand 7fout 7fof 7fthe 7fbody 7fis 7fknown 7fas 7fventilation. 7fSince 7fthe 7fquestion 7fasks
7ffor 7fthe 7fbody’s 7fmechanism, 7fthis 7fwould 7fbe 7fspontaneous 7fventilation. 7fExternal 7frespiration 7finvolves 7fthe
7fexchange 7fof 7foxygen 7f(O2) 7fand 7fcarbon 7fdioxide 7f(CO2) 7fbetween 7fthe 7falveoli 7fand 7fthe 7fpulmonary
7fcapillaries. 7fInternal 7frespiration 7foccurs 7fat 7fthe 7fcellular 7flevel 7fand 7finvolves 7fmovement 7fof 7foxygen 7ffrom
7fthe 7fsystemic 7fblood 7finto 7fthe 7fcells.
2. Which 7fof 7fthe 7ffollowing 7fare 7finvolved 7fin 7fexternal 7frespiration?
a. Red 7fblood 7fcells 7fand 7fbody 7fcells
b. Scalenes 7fand 7ftrapezius 7fmuscles
c. Alveoli 7fand 7fpulmonary 7fcapillaries
d. External 7foblique 7fand 7ftransverse 7fabdominal 7fmuscles
ANS: C
External 7frespiration 7finvolves 7fthe 7fexchange 7fof 7foxygen 7fand 7fcarbon 7fdioxide 7f(CO2) 7fbetween 7fthe
7falveoli 7fand 7fthe 7fpulmonary 7fcapillaries. 7fInternal 7frespiration 7foccurs 7fat 7fthe 7fcellular 7flevel 7fand 7finvolves
7fmovement 7fof 7foxygen 7ffrom 7fthe 7fsystemic 7fblood 7finto 7fthe 7fcells. 7fScalene 7fand 7ftrapezius 7fmuscles 7fare
7faccessory 7fmuscles 7fof 7finspiration. 7fExternal 7foblique 7fand 7ftransverse 7fabdominal 7fmuscles 7fare 7faccessory
7fmuscles 7fof 7fexpiration.
3. The 7fgraph 7fthat 7fshows 7fintrapleural 7fpressure 7fchanges 7fduring 7fnormal 7fspontaneous 7fbreathing 7fis
7fdepicted 7fby 7fwhich 7fof 7fthe 7ffollowing?
a.
, b.
c.
d.
ANS: B
During 7fspontaneous 7fbreathing, 7fthe 7fintrapleural 7fpressure 7fdrops 7ffrom 7fabout 7f 5 7fcm 7fH2O 7fat 7fend-
expiration 7fto 7fabout 7f 10 7fcm 7fH2O 7fat 7fend-inspiration. 7fThe 7fgraph 7fdepicted 7ffor 7fanswer 7fB 7fshows 7fthat
7fchange 7ffrom 7f 5 7fcm 7fH2O 7fto 7f 10 7fcm 7fH2O.
4. During 7fspontaneous 7finspiration 7falveolar 7fpressure 7f(PA) 7fis 7fabout 7f________________.
a. 1 7fcm 7fH2O
b. +1 7fcm 7fH2O
c. 0 7fcm 7fH2O
d. 5 7fcm 7fH2O
ANS: A
During 7fnormal 7fspontaneous 7fventilation 7falveolar 7fpressure 7fwill 7fbecome 7f 1 7fcm 7fH2O 7fwhich 7fis 7fthe
7flowest. 7fDuring 7fthe 7fexhalation 7fof 7fa 7fnormal 7fspontaneous 7fbreath 7fthe 7falveolar 7fpressure 7fwill 7fbecome
7f+1 7fcm 7fH2O.
5. The 7fpressure 7frequired 7fto 7fmaintain 7falveolar 7finflation 7fis 7fknown 7fas 7fwhich 7fof 7fthe 7ffollowing?
a. Transairway 7fpressure 7f(PTA)
b. Transthoracic 7fpressure 7f(PTT)
c. Transrespiratory 7fpressure 7f(PTR)
d. Transpulmonary 7fpressure 7f(PL)
ANS: D
The 7fdefinition 7fof 7ftranspulmonary 7fpressure 7f(PL) 7fis 7fthe 7fpressure 7frequired 7fto 7fmaintain 7falveolar
7finflation. 7fTransairway 7fpressure 7f(PTA) 7fis 7fthe 7fpressure 7fgradient 7frequired 7fto 7fproduce 7fairflow 7fin 7fthe
7fconducting 7ftubes. 7fTransrespiratory 7fpressure 7f(PTR) 7fis 7fthe 7fpressure 7fto 7finflate 7fthe 7flungs 7fand 7fairways
7fduring 7fpositive-pressure 7fventilation. 7fTransthoracic 7fpressure 7f(PTT) 7frepresents 7fthe 7fpressure 7frequired 7fto
7fexpand 7for 7fcontract 7fthe 7flungs 7fand 7fthe 7fchest 7fwall 7fat 7fthe 7fsame 7ftime.
, 6. Calculate 7fthe 7fpressure 7fneeded 7fto 7fovercome 7fairway 7fresistance 7fduring 7fpositive-pressure 7fventilation
7fwhen 7fthe 7fproximal 7fairway 7fpressure 7f(Pawo) 7fis 7f35 7fcm 7fH2O 7fand 7fthe 7falveolar 7fpressure 7f(PA) 7fis 7f5 7fcm
7fH2O.
a. 7 7fcm 7fH2O
b. 30 7fcm 7fH2O
c. 40 7fcm 7fH2O
d. 175 7fcm 7fH2O
ANS: B
The 7ftransairway 7fpressure 7f(PTA) 7fis 7fused 7fto 7fcalculate 7fthe 7fpressure 7frequired 7fto 7fovercome 7fairway
7fresistance 7fduring 7fmechanical 7fventilation. 7fThis 7fformula 7fis 7fPTA 7f= 7fPawo 7f 7fPA.
7. The 7fterm 7fused 7fto 7fdescribe 7fthe 7ftendency 7fof 7fa 7fstructure 7fto 7freturn 7fto 7fits 7foriginal 7fform 7fafter 7fbeing
7fstretched 7for 7facted 7fon 7fby 7fan 7foutside 7fforce 7fis 7fwhich 7fof 7fthe 7ffollowing?
a. Elastance
b. Compliance
c. Viscous 7fresistance
d. Distending 7fpressure
ANS: A
The 7felastance 7fof 7fa 7fstructure 7fis 7fthe 7ftendency 7fof 7fthat 7fstructure 7fto 7freturn 7fto 7fits 7foriginal 7fshape 7fafter
7fbeing 7fstretched. 7fThe 7fmore 7felastance 7fa 7fstructure 7fhas, 7fthe 7fmore 7fdifficult 7fit 7fis 7fto 7fstretch. 7fThe
7fcompliance 7fof 7fa 7fstructure 7fis 7fthe 7fease 7fwith 7fwhich 7fthe 7fstructure 7fdistends 7for 7fstretches. 7fCompliance
7fis 7fthe 7fopposite 7fof 7felastance. 7fViscous 7fresistance 7fis 7fthe 7fopposition 7fto 7fmovement 7foffered 7fby
7fadjacent 7fstructures 7fsuch 7fas 7fthe 7flungs 7fand 7ftheir 7fadjacent 7forgans. 7fDistending 7fpressure 7fis 7fpressure
7frequired 7fto 7fmaintain 7finflation, 7ffor 7fexample, 7falveolar 7fdistending 7fpressure.
8. Calculate 7fthe 7fpressure 7frequired 7fto 7fachieve 7fa 7ftidal 7fvolume 7fof 7f400 7fmL 7ffor 7fan 7fintubated 7fpatient
7fwith 7fa 7frespiratory 7fsystem 7fcompliance 7fof 7f15 7fmL/cm 7fH2O.
a. 6 7fcm 7fH2O
b. 26.7 7fcm 7fH2O
c. 37.5 7fcm 7fH2O
d. 41.5 7fcm 7fH2O
ANS: B
ΔC 7f= 7fΔV/ΔP 7fthen 7fΔP 7f= 7fΔV/ΔC
9. Which 7fof 7fthe 7ffollowing 7fconditions 7fcauses 7fpulmonary 7fcompliance 7fto 7fincrease?
a. Asthma
b. Kyphoscoliosis
c. Emphysema
d. Acute 7frespiratory 7fdistress 7fsyndrome 7f(ARDS)
ANS: C
Emphysema 7fcauses 7fan 7fincrease 7fin 7fpulmonary 7fcompliance, 7fwhereas 7fARDS 7fand 7fkyphoscoliosis 7fcause
7fdecreases 7fin 7fpulmonary 7fcompliance. 7fAsthma 7fattacks 7fcause 7fincrease 7fin 7fairway 7fresistance.
10. Calculate 7fthe 7feffective 7fstatic 7fcompliance 7f(Cs) 7fgiven 7fthe 7ffollowing 7finformation 7fabout 7fa 7fpatient
7freceiving 7fmechanical 7fventilation: 7fpeak 7finspiratory 7fpressure 7f(PIP) 7fis 7f56 7fcm 7fH2O, 7fplateau 7fpressure
7f(Pplat) 7fis 7f40 7fcm 7fH2O, 7fexhaled 7ftidal 7fvolume 7f(VT) 7fis 7f650 7fmL, 7fand 7fpositive 7fend-expiratory 7fpressure
7f(PEEP) 7fis 7f10 7fcm 7fH2O.
a. 14.1 7fmL/cm 7fH2O
b. 16.3 7fmL/cm 7fH2O
, c. 21.7 7fmL/cm 7fH2O
d. 40.6 7fmL/cm 7fH2O
ANS: C
The 7fformula 7ffor 7fcalculating 7feffective 7fstatic 7fcompliance 7fis 7fCs 7f= 7fVT/(Pplat 7f EEP).
7f
11. Based 7fupon 7fthe 7ffollowing 7fpatient 7finformation, 7fcalculate 7fthe 7fpatient’s 7fstatic 7flung 7fcompliance:
7fexhaled 7ftidal 7fvolume 7f(VT) 7fis 7f675 7fmL, 7fpeak 7finspiratory 7fpressure 7f(PIP) 7fis 7f28 7fcm 7fH2O, 7fplateau
7fpressure 7f(Pplat) 7fis 7f8 7fcm 7fH2O, 7fand 7fPEEP 7fis 7fset 7fat 7f5 7fcm 7fH2O.
a. 0.02 7fL/cm 7fH2O
b. 0.03 7fL/cm 7fH2O
c. 0.22 7fL/cm 7fH2O
d. 0.34 7fL/cm 7fH2O
ANS: C
The 7fformula 7ffor 7fcalculating 7feffective 7fstatic 7fcompliance 7fis 7fCs 7f= 7fVT/(Pplat 7f EEP).
7f
12. A 7fpatient 7freceiving 7fmechanical 7fventilation 7fhas 7fan 7fexhaled 7ftidal 7fvolume 7f(VT) 7fof 7f500 7fmL 7fand 7fa
7fpositive 7fend-expiratory 7fpressure 7fsetting 7f(PEEP) 7fof 7f5 7fcm 7fH2O. 7fPatient-ventilator 7fsystem 7fchecks
7freveal 7fthe 7ffollowing 7fdata:
Time PIP 7f(cm 7fH2O) Pplat 7f(cm 7fH2O)
0600 27 15
0800 29 15
1000 36 13
The 7frespiratory 7ftherapist 7fshould 7frecommend 7fwhich 7fof 7fthe 7ffollowing 7ffor 7fthis 7fpatient?
1. 7fTracheobronchial 7fsuctioning
2. 7fIncrease 7fin 7fthe 7fset 7ftidal 7fvolume
3. 7fβ 7fadrenergic 7fbronchodilator 7ftherapy
4. 7fIncrease 7fpositive 7fend-expiratory 7fpressure
a. 1 7fand 7f3 7fonly
b. 2 7fand 7f4 7fonly
c. 1, 7f2, 7fand 7f3 7fonly
d. 2, 7f3, 7fand 7f4 7fonly
ANS: A
Calculate 7fthe 7ftransairway 7fpressure 7f(PTA) 7fby 7fsubtracting 7fthe 7fplateau 7fpressure 7ffrom 7fthe 7fpeak
7finspiratory 7fpressure. 7fAnalyzing 7fthe 7fPTA 7fwill 7fshow 7fany 7fchanges 7fin 7fthe 7fpressure 7fneeded 7fto
7fovercome 7fairway 7fresistance. 7fAnalyzing 7fthe 7fPplateau 7fwill 7fdemonstrate 7fany 7fchanges 7fin 7fcompliance.
7fThe 7fPplateau 7fremained 7fthe 7fsame 7ffor 7fthe 7ffirst 7ftwo 7fchecks 7fand 7fthen 7factually 7fdropped 7fat 7fthe 7f1000-
hour 7fcheck. 7fAnalyzing 7fthe 7fPTA, 7fhowever, 7fshows 7fa 7fslight 7fincrease 7fbetween 7f0600 7fand 7f0800 7f(from
7f12 7fto 7f14 7fcm 7fH2O) 7fand 7fthen 7fa 7fsharp 7fincrease 7fto 7f23 7fcm 7fH2O 7fat 7f1000. 7fIncreases 7fin 7fPTA 7fsignify
7fincreases 7fin 7fairway 7fresistance. 7fAirway 7fresistance 7fmay 7fbe 7fcaused 7fby 7fsecretion 7fbuildup,
7fbronchospasm, 7fmucosal 7fedema, 7fand 7fmucosal 7finflammation. 7fTracheobronchial 7fsuctioning 7fwill 7fremove
7fany 7fsecretion 7fbuildup, 7fand 7fa 7fβ 7fadrenergic 7fbronchodilator 7fwill 7freverse 7fbronchospasm. 7fIncreasing
7fthe 7ftidal 7fvolume 7fwill 7fadd 7fto 7fthe 7fairway 7fresistance 7faccording 7fto 7fPoiseuille’s 7flaw. 7fIncreasing 7fthe
7fPEEP 7fwill 7fnot 7faddress 7fthe 7froot 7fof 7fthis 7fpatient’s 7fproblem; 7fthe 7fpatient’s 7fcompliance 7fis 7fnormal.
13. The 7fvalues 7fbelow 7fpertain 7fto 7fa 7fpatient 7fwho 7fis 7fbeing 7fmechanically 7fventilated 7fwith 7fa 7fmeasured
7fexhaled 7ftidal 7fvolume 7f(VT) 7fof 7f700 7fmL.
Time Peak 7fInspiratory Plateau 7fPressure 7f(cm
7fPressure 7f(cm 7fH2O) 7fH2O)
0800 35 30
1000 39 34
Teacher’s 7fEdition
Chapter 7f01: 7fBasic 7fTerms 7fand 7fConcepts 7fof 7fMechanical 7fVentilation
Cairo: 7fPilbeam’s 7fMechanical 7fVentilation: 7fPhysiological 7fand 7fClinical 7fApplications,
7f7th 7fEdition
MULTIPLE 7fCHOICE
1. The 7fbody’s 7fmechanism 7ffor 7fconducting 7fair 7fin 7fand 7fout 7fof 7fthe 7flungs 7fis 7fknown 7fas 7fwhich 7fof 7fthe
7ffollowing?
a. External 7frespiration
b. Internal 7frespiration
c. Spontaneous 7fventilation
d. Mechanical 7fventilation
ANS: C
The 7fconduction 7fof 7fair 7fin 7fand 7fout 7fof 7fthe 7fbody 7fis 7fknown 7fas 7fventilation. 7fSince 7fthe 7fquestion 7fasks
7ffor 7fthe 7fbody’s 7fmechanism, 7fthis 7fwould 7fbe 7fspontaneous 7fventilation. 7fExternal 7frespiration 7finvolves 7fthe
7fexchange 7fof 7foxygen 7f(O2) 7fand 7fcarbon 7fdioxide 7f(CO2) 7fbetween 7fthe 7falveoli 7fand 7fthe 7fpulmonary
7fcapillaries. 7fInternal 7frespiration 7foccurs 7fat 7fthe 7fcellular 7flevel 7fand 7finvolves 7fmovement 7fof 7foxygen 7ffrom
7fthe 7fsystemic 7fblood 7finto 7fthe 7fcells.
2. Which 7fof 7fthe 7ffollowing 7fare 7finvolved 7fin 7fexternal 7frespiration?
a. Red 7fblood 7fcells 7fand 7fbody 7fcells
b. Scalenes 7fand 7ftrapezius 7fmuscles
c. Alveoli 7fand 7fpulmonary 7fcapillaries
d. External 7foblique 7fand 7ftransverse 7fabdominal 7fmuscles
ANS: C
External 7frespiration 7finvolves 7fthe 7fexchange 7fof 7foxygen 7fand 7fcarbon 7fdioxide 7f(CO2) 7fbetween 7fthe
7falveoli 7fand 7fthe 7fpulmonary 7fcapillaries. 7fInternal 7frespiration 7foccurs 7fat 7fthe 7fcellular 7flevel 7fand 7finvolves
7fmovement 7fof 7foxygen 7ffrom 7fthe 7fsystemic 7fblood 7finto 7fthe 7fcells. 7fScalene 7fand 7ftrapezius 7fmuscles 7fare
7faccessory 7fmuscles 7fof 7finspiration. 7fExternal 7foblique 7fand 7ftransverse 7fabdominal 7fmuscles 7fare 7faccessory
7fmuscles 7fof 7fexpiration.
3. The 7fgraph 7fthat 7fshows 7fintrapleural 7fpressure 7fchanges 7fduring 7fnormal 7fspontaneous 7fbreathing 7fis
7fdepicted 7fby 7fwhich 7fof 7fthe 7ffollowing?
a.
, b.
c.
d.
ANS: B
During 7fspontaneous 7fbreathing, 7fthe 7fintrapleural 7fpressure 7fdrops 7ffrom 7fabout 7f 5 7fcm 7fH2O 7fat 7fend-
expiration 7fto 7fabout 7f 10 7fcm 7fH2O 7fat 7fend-inspiration. 7fThe 7fgraph 7fdepicted 7ffor 7fanswer 7fB 7fshows 7fthat
7fchange 7ffrom 7f 5 7fcm 7fH2O 7fto 7f 10 7fcm 7fH2O.
4. During 7fspontaneous 7finspiration 7falveolar 7fpressure 7f(PA) 7fis 7fabout 7f________________.
a. 1 7fcm 7fH2O
b. +1 7fcm 7fH2O
c. 0 7fcm 7fH2O
d. 5 7fcm 7fH2O
ANS: A
During 7fnormal 7fspontaneous 7fventilation 7falveolar 7fpressure 7fwill 7fbecome 7f 1 7fcm 7fH2O 7fwhich 7fis 7fthe
7flowest. 7fDuring 7fthe 7fexhalation 7fof 7fa 7fnormal 7fspontaneous 7fbreath 7fthe 7falveolar 7fpressure 7fwill 7fbecome
7f+1 7fcm 7fH2O.
5. The 7fpressure 7frequired 7fto 7fmaintain 7falveolar 7finflation 7fis 7fknown 7fas 7fwhich 7fof 7fthe 7ffollowing?
a. Transairway 7fpressure 7f(PTA)
b. Transthoracic 7fpressure 7f(PTT)
c. Transrespiratory 7fpressure 7f(PTR)
d. Transpulmonary 7fpressure 7f(PL)
ANS: D
The 7fdefinition 7fof 7ftranspulmonary 7fpressure 7f(PL) 7fis 7fthe 7fpressure 7frequired 7fto 7fmaintain 7falveolar
7finflation. 7fTransairway 7fpressure 7f(PTA) 7fis 7fthe 7fpressure 7fgradient 7frequired 7fto 7fproduce 7fairflow 7fin 7fthe
7fconducting 7ftubes. 7fTransrespiratory 7fpressure 7f(PTR) 7fis 7fthe 7fpressure 7fto 7finflate 7fthe 7flungs 7fand 7fairways
7fduring 7fpositive-pressure 7fventilation. 7fTransthoracic 7fpressure 7f(PTT) 7frepresents 7fthe 7fpressure 7frequired 7fto
7fexpand 7for 7fcontract 7fthe 7flungs 7fand 7fthe 7fchest 7fwall 7fat 7fthe 7fsame 7ftime.
, 6. Calculate 7fthe 7fpressure 7fneeded 7fto 7fovercome 7fairway 7fresistance 7fduring 7fpositive-pressure 7fventilation
7fwhen 7fthe 7fproximal 7fairway 7fpressure 7f(Pawo) 7fis 7f35 7fcm 7fH2O 7fand 7fthe 7falveolar 7fpressure 7f(PA) 7fis 7f5 7fcm
7fH2O.
a. 7 7fcm 7fH2O
b. 30 7fcm 7fH2O
c. 40 7fcm 7fH2O
d. 175 7fcm 7fH2O
ANS: B
The 7ftransairway 7fpressure 7f(PTA) 7fis 7fused 7fto 7fcalculate 7fthe 7fpressure 7frequired 7fto 7fovercome 7fairway
7fresistance 7fduring 7fmechanical 7fventilation. 7fThis 7fformula 7fis 7fPTA 7f= 7fPawo 7f 7fPA.
7. The 7fterm 7fused 7fto 7fdescribe 7fthe 7ftendency 7fof 7fa 7fstructure 7fto 7freturn 7fto 7fits 7foriginal 7fform 7fafter 7fbeing
7fstretched 7for 7facted 7fon 7fby 7fan 7foutside 7fforce 7fis 7fwhich 7fof 7fthe 7ffollowing?
a. Elastance
b. Compliance
c. Viscous 7fresistance
d. Distending 7fpressure
ANS: A
The 7felastance 7fof 7fa 7fstructure 7fis 7fthe 7ftendency 7fof 7fthat 7fstructure 7fto 7freturn 7fto 7fits 7foriginal 7fshape 7fafter
7fbeing 7fstretched. 7fThe 7fmore 7felastance 7fa 7fstructure 7fhas, 7fthe 7fmore 7fdifficult 7fit 7fis 7fto 7fstretch. 7fThe
7fcompliance 7fof 7fa 7fstructure 7fis 7fthe 7fease 7fwith 7fwhich 7fthe 7fstructure 7fdistends 7for 7fstretches. 7fCompliance
7fis 7fthe 7fopposite 7fof 7felastance. 7fViscous 7fresistance 7fis 7fthe 7fopposition 7fto 7fmovement 7foffered 7fby
7fadjacent 7fstructures 7fsuch 7fas 7fthe 7flungs 7fand 7ftheir 7fadjacent 7forgans. 7fDistending 7fpressure 7fis 7fpressure
7frequired 7fto 7fmaintain 7finflation, 7ffor 7fexample, 7falveolar 7fdistending 7fpressure.
8. Calculate 7fthe 7fpressure 7frequired 7fto 7fachieve 7fa 7ftidal 7fvolume 7fof 7f400 7fmL 7ffor 7fan 7fintubated 7fpatient
7fwith 7fa 7frespiratory 7fsystem 7fcompliance 7fof 7f15 7fmL/cm 7fH2O.
a. 6 7fcm 7fH2O
b. 26.7 7fcm 7fH2O
c. 37.5 7fcm 7fH2O
d. 41.5 7fcm 7fH2O
ANS: B
ΔC 7f= 7fΔV/ΔP 7fthen 7fΔP 7f= 7fΔV/ΔC
9. Which 7fof 7fthe 7ffollowing 7fconditions 7fcauses 7fpulmonary 7fcompliance 7fto 7fincrease?
a. Asthma
b. Kyphoscoliosis
c. Emphysema
d. Acute 7frespiratory 7fdistress 7fsyndrome 7f(ARDS)
ANS: C
Emphysema 7fcauses 7fan 7fincrease 7fin 7fpulmonary 7fcompliance, 7fwhereas 7fARDS 7fand 7fkyphoscoliosis 7fcause
7fdecreases 7fin 7fpulmonary 7fcompliance. 7fAsthma 7fattacks 7fcause 7fincrease 7fin 7fairway 7fresistance.
10. Calculate 7fthe 7feffective 7fstatic 7fcompliance 7f(Cs) 7fgiven 7fthe 7ffollowing 7finformation 7fabout 7fa 7fpatient
7freceiving 7fmechanical 7fventilation: 7fpeak 7finspiratory 7fpressure 7f(PIP) 7fis 7f56 7fcm 7fH2O, 7fplateau 7fpressure
7f(Pplat) 7fis 7f40 7fcm 7fH2O, 7fexhaled 7ftidal 7fvolume 7f(VT) 7fis 7f650 7fmL, 7fand 7fpositive 7fend-expiratory 7fpressure
7f(PEEP) 7fis 7f10 7fcm 7fH2O.
a. 14.1 7fmL/cm 7fH2O
b. 16.3 7fmL/cm 7fH2O
, c. 21.7 7fmL/cm 7fH2O
d. 40.6 7fmL/cm 7fH2O
ANS: C
The 7fformula 7ffor 7fcalculating 7feffective 7fstatic 7fcompliance 7fis 7fCs 7f= 7fVT/(Pplat 7f EEP).
7f
11. Based 7fupon 7fthe 7ffollowing 7fpatient 7finformation, 7fcalculate 7fthe 7fpatient’s 7fstatic 7flung 7fcompliance:
7fexhaled 7ftidal 7fvolume 7f(VT) 7fis 7f675 7fmL, 7fpeak 7finspiratory 7fpressure 7f(PIP) 7fis 7f28 7fcm 7fH2O, 7fplateau
7fpressure 7f(Pplat) 7fis 7f8 7fcm 7fH2O, 7fand 7fPEEP 7fis 7fset 7fat 7f5 7fcm 7fH2O.
a. 0.02 7fL/cm 7fH2O
b. 0.03 7fL/cm 7fH2O
c. 0.22 7fL/cm 7fH2O
d. 0.34 7fL/cm 7fH2O
ANS: C
The 7fformula 7ffor 7fcalculating 7feffective 7fstatic 7fcompliance 7fis 7fCs 7f= 7fVT/(Pplat 7f EEP).
7f
12. A 7fpatient 7freceiving 7fmechanical 7fventilation 7fhas 7fan 7fexhaled 7ftidal 7fvolume 7f(VT) 7fof 7f500 7fmL 7fand 7fa
7fpositive 7fend-expiratory 7fpressure 7fsetting 7f(PEEP) 7fof 7f5 7fcm 7fH2O. 7fPatient-ventilator 7fsystem 7fchecks
7freveal 7fthe 7ffollowing 7fdata:
Time PIP 7f(cm 7fH2O) Pplat 7f(cm 7fH2O)
0600 27 15
0800 29 15
1000 36 13
The 7frespiratory 7ftherapist 7fshould 7frecommend 7fwhich 7fof 7fthe 7ffollowing 7ffor 7fthis 7fpatient?
1. 7fTracheobronchial 7fsuctioning
2. 7fIncrease 7fin 7fthe 7fset 7ftidal 7fvolume
3. 7fβ 7fadrenergic 7fbronchodilator 7ftherapy
4. 7fIncrease 7fpositive 7fend-expiratory 7fpressure
a. 1 7fand 7f3 7fonly
b. 2 7fand 7f4 7fonly
c. 1, 7f2, 7fand 7f3 7fonly
d. 2, 7f3, 7fand 7f4 7fonly
ANS: A
Calculate 7fthe 7ftransairway 7fpressure 7f(PTA) 7fby 7fsubtracting 7fthe 7fplateau 7fpressure 7ffrom 7fthe 7fpeak
7finspiratory 7fpressure. 7fAnalyzing 7fthe 7fPTA 7fwill 7fshow 7fany 7fchanges 7fin 7fthe 7fpressure 7fneeded 7fto
7fovercome 7fairway 7fresistance. 7fAnalyzing 7fthe 7fPplateau 7fwill 7fdemonstrate 7fany 7fchanges 7fin 7fcompliance.
7fThe 7fPplateau 7fremained 7fthe 7fsame 7ffor 7fthe 7ffirst 7ftwo 7fchecks 7fand 7fthen 7factually 7fdropped 7fat 7fthe 7f1000-
hour 7fcheck. 7fAnalyzing 7fthe 7fPTA, 7fhowever, 7fshows 7fa 7fslight 7fincrease 7fbetween 7f0600 7fand 7f0800 7f(from
7f12 7fto 7f14 7fcm 7fH2O) 7fand 7fthen 7fa 7fsharp 7fincrease 7fto 7f23 7fcm 7fH2O 7fat 7f1000. 7fIncreases 7fin 7fPTA 7fsignify
7fincreases 7fin 7fairway 7fresistance. 7fAirway 7fresistance 7fmay 7fbe 7fcaused 7fby 7fsecretion 7fbuildup,
7fbronchospasm, 7fmucosal 7fedema, 7fand 7fmucosal 7finflammation. 7fTracheobronchial 7fsuctioning 7fwill 7fremove
7fany 7fsecretion 7fbuildup, 7fand 7fa 7fβ 7fadrenergic 7fbronchodilator 7fwill 7freverse 7fbronchospasm. 7fIncreasing
7fthe 7ftidal 7fvolume 7fwill 7fadd 7fto 7fthe 7fairway 7fresistance 7faccording 7fto 7fPoiseuille’s 7flaw. 7fIncreasing 7fthe
7fPEEP 7fwill 7fnot 7faddress 7fthe 7froot 7fof 7fthis 7fpatient’s 7fproblem; 7fthe 7fpatient’s 7fcompliance 7fis 7fnormal.
13. The 7fvalues 7fbelow 7fpertain 7fto 7fa 7fpatient 7fwho 7fis 7fbeing 7fmechanically 7fventilated 7fwith 7fa 7fmeasured
7fexhaled 7ftidal 7fvolume 7f(VT) 7fof 7f700 7fmL.
Time Peak 7fInspiratory Plateau 7fPressure 7f(cm
7fPressure 7f(cm 7fH2O) 7fH2O)
0800 35 30
1000 39 34
