Fundamentals of Nursing Questions and
Answers.
origination of the word "nurse" - ANSWER-from the latin word "nutrix" meaning to
nourish
Interrelated roles of nurses - ANSWER-communicator, teacher, counselor, leader,
researcher, advocate, collaborator
coping with disability and death - ANSWER-nurses use optimal function of maximum
strengths and potentials, refer to community support systems; provide care to families
and patients during end-of-life care, hospice
The Nursing Process - ANSWER--one of major guidelines for nursing practice
-helps nurses implement their roles
-integrates art and science of nursing
-allows nurses to use critical thinking and clinical reasoning
-defines the areas of care that are within the domain of nursing
Nurse Practice Acts - ANSWER--define legal scope of nursing practice
-create state board of nursing to make and enforce rules and regulation
-define important terms and activities in nursing, including legal requirements and titles
for RNs and LPNs
- established criteria for the education and licensure of nurses
5 vital signs - ANSWER-respirations, pulse rate, blood pressure, temperature, and pain
Nursing is recognized as profession based on what criteria - ANSWER--well defined
body specific and unique knowledge
-strong service orientation
-recognized authority by a professional group (ANA)
-code of ethics
-professional organization that sets standards
-ongoing research
-autonomy and self-regulation
,Florence Nightingale - ANSWER-defined nursing as both an art and science,
differentiated nursing from medicine, created freestanding nursing education, published
books; founder of modern nursing
Clara Barton - ANSWER-established red cross; volunteered to care for wounds and
feed union soldiers during civil war; served as supervisor of nurses for the army of
James
sources of knowledge - ANSWER--traditional ( passed down from generation to
generation)
-authoritative- comes from an expert, accepted as truth based on person's perceived
expertise
-scientific (obtained through the scientific method-research)
objective - ANSWER-you can see the object
subjective - ANSWER-coming from that subject
types of knowledge - ANSWER--science (observing, identifying, describing,
investigating, and explaining events and occurences that are perceived in world)
-philosophy (the study of wisdom, fundamental knowledge, and the processes used to
develop and construct on perception on life)
-process (a series of actions, changes, or functions intended to bring about a desired
result)
goals of nursing research - ANSWER--improve care in clinical setting
-study ppl and nurse process: education, policy development, ethics, nursing history
-develop greater autonomy and strength as a profession
-provide evidence-based nursing practice
deductive reasoning - ANSWER-examines a general idea and then considers specific
actions or ideas
inductive reasoning - ANSWER-one builds from specific ideas or actions to conclusions
about general ideas
health - ANSWER-a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not
merely the absence of disease or infirmity
illness - ANSWER-the unique response of a person to a disease; an abnormal process
involving changed level of functioning
, wellness - ANSWER-an active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle promoting good
physical, mental, and emotional health
nursing theory - ANSWER-differentiates nursing from other disciplines and activities in
that it serves the purposes of describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling desired
outcomes of nursing care practices
evidence-based practice (EBP) - ANSWER-a problem-solving approach to making
clinical decisions, using the best evidence available; blends both science and art of
nursing so best outcomes are achieved; may consist of specific nursing interventions or
use guidelines established for the care of patients
steps in implementing EBP - ANSWER-Step 1: ask a question about a clinical area of
interest or an intervention
Step 2: collect the most relevant and best evidence
Step 3: Critically appraise the evidence
Step 4: integrate the evidence w/ clinical expertise, patient preferences, and values in
making a decision to change
Step 5: evaluate the practice decision or change
human dimensions that compose the whole person - ANSWER-physical, intellectual,
environmental, spiritual, sociocultural, and emotional
acute illness - ANSWER-rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a short time;
examples: cold, diarrhea, pneumonia, appendicitis
chronic illness - ANSWER-slow onset, characteristics: permanent change, caused by
change in anatomy, requires special patient education, long period of care or support;
examples: heart disease, diabetes, lung diseases, and arthritis
stages-of-illness behaviors - ANSWER-Stage 1: experiencing symptoms
Stage 2: assuming the sick role
Stage 3: assuming a dependent role
Stage 4: achieving recovery and rehabilitation
primary health promotion - ANSWER-directed towards PROMOTING health and
PREVENTING the development of disease processes or injury; example: immunization
clinic, family planning services, accident prevention education
Answers.
origination of the word "nurse" - ANSWER-from the latin word "nutrix" meaning to
nourish
Interrelated roles of nurses - ANSWER-communicator, teacher, counselor, leader,
researcher, advocate, collaborator
coping with disability and death - ANSWER-nurses use optimal function of maximum
strengths and potentials, refer to community support systems; provide care to families
and patients during end-of-life care, hospice
The Nursing Process - ANSWER--one of major guidelines for nursing practice
-helps nurses implement their roles
-integrates art and science of nursing
-allows nurses to use critical thinking and clinical reasoning
-defines the areas of care that are within the domain of nursing
Nurse Practice Acts - ANSWER--define legal scope of nursing practice
-create state board of nursing to make and enforce rules and regulation
-define important terms and activities in nursing, including legal requirements and titles
for RNs and LPNs
- established criteria for the education and licensure of nurses
5 vital signs - ANSWER-respirations, pulse rate, blood pressure, temperature, and pain
Nursing is recognized as profession based on what criteria - ANSWER--well defined
body specific and unique knowledge
-strong service orientation
-recognized authority by a professional group (ANA)
-code of ethics
-professional organization that sets standards
-ongoing research
-autonomy and self-regulation
,Florence Nightingale - ANSWER-defined nursing as both an art and science,
differentiated nursing from medicine, created freestanding nursing education, published
books; founder of modern nursing
Clara Barton - ANSWER-established red cross; volunteered to care for wounds and
feed union soldiers during civil war; served as supervisor of nurses for the army of
James
sources of knowledge - ANSWER--traditional ( passed down from generation to
generation)
-authoritative- comes from an expert, accepted as truth based on person's perceived
expertise
-scientific (obtained through the scientific method-research)
objective - ANSWER-you can see the object
subjective - ANSWER-coming from that subject
types of knowledge - ANSWER--science (observing, identifying, describing,
investigating, and explaining events and occurences that are perceived in world)
-philosophy (the study of wisdom, fundamental knowledge, and the processes used to
develop and construct on perception on life)
-process (a series of actions, changes, or functions intended to bring about a desired
result)
goals of nursing research - ANSWER--improve care in clinical setting
-study ppl and nurse process: education, policy development, ethics, nursing history
-develop greater autonomy and strength as a profession
-provide evidence-based nursing practice
deductive reasoning - ANSWER-examines a general idea and then considers specific
actions or ideas
inductive reasoning - ANSWER-one builds from specific ideas or actions to conclusions
about general ideas
health - ANSWER-a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not
merely the absence of disease or infirmity
illness - ANSWER-the unique response of a person to a disease; an abnormal process
involving changed level of functioning
, wellness - ANSWER-an active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle promoting good
physical, mental, and emotional health
nursing theory - ANSWER-differentiates nursing from other disciplines and activities in
that it serves the purposes of describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling desired
outcomes of nursing care practices
evidence-based practice (EBP) - ANSWER-a problem-solving approach to making
clinical decisions, using the best evidence available; blends both science and art of
nursing so best outcomes are achieved; may consist of specific nursing interventions or
use guidelines established for the care of patients
steps in implementing EBP - ANSWER-Step 1: ask a question about a clinical area of
interest or an intervention
Step 2: collect the most relevant and best evidence
Step 3: Critically appraise the evidence
Step 4: integrate the evidence w/ clinical expertise, patient preferences, and values in
making a decision to change
Step 5: evaluate the practice decision or change
human dimensions that compose the whole person - ANSWER-physical, intellectual,
environmental, spiritual, sociocultural, and emotional
acute illness - ANSWER-rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a short time;
examples: cold, diarrhea, pneumonia, appendicitis
chronic illness - ANSWER-slow onset, characteristics: permanent change, caused by
change in anatomy, requires special patient education, long period of care or support;
examples: heart disease, diabetes, lung diseases, and arthritis
stages-of-illness behaviors - ANSWER-Stage 1: experiencing symptoms
Stage 2: assuming the sick role
Stage 3: assuming a dependent role
Stage 4: achieving recovery and rehabilitation
primary health promotion - ANSWER-directed towards PROMOTING health and
PREVENTING the development of disease processes or injury; example: immunization
clinic, family planning services, accident prevention education
