Chapter 8 Early Childhood - Gloria Leifer Test Bank

Chapter 8: Early Childhood Test
Bank


MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A 2-year-old should be able to:
a. ride a tricycle.
b. climb stairs reciprocally.
c. run.
d. hop on two feet.



ANS: C
The 2-year-old is able to run, but cannot climb stairs reciprocally, hop, or ride a tricycle.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 112 OBJ: 2
TOP: Developmental tasks KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning MSC: NCLEX:
Health Promotion and Maintenance: growth and development

2. Erik Erikson describes the major developmental task of the toddler to be: a. trust.
b. initiative.
c. autonomy.
d. intimacy.

, ANS: C
According to Erikson, the toddler, between 2 and 4 years of age, is in the stage of autonomy
versus shame or doubt.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 111 OBJ: 4
TOP: Erikson’s developmental tasks of early childhood KEY: Nursing Process Step: NA
MSC: NCLEX: NA

3. A parent of a 24-month-old boy say that the child has frequent tantrums and that “no” is
becoming his favorite word. This behavior:
a. is a response to frustration in gaining autonomy.
b. is an indication of regression.
c. is a signal that he is not effectively coping with stress.
d. shows that he needs more attention.



ANS: A
Negativism is typical of toddlers in their quest for autonomy. As toddlers attempt to express
their will, they may become angry in their frustration. This frustration then leads to a desire to
be loved and comforted by a parent.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 116 OBJ: 4
TOP: Developmental tasks of early childhood
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: growth and development

4. According to Piaget, magical thinking is the belief that:
a. events have cause and effect.
b. God is like an imaginary friend.
c. if the skin is broken, the insides will come out.
d. dolls are real people.



ANS: D
Because of their egocentrism, preschoolers believe that inanimate objects have real life
qualities.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 115 OBJ: 3
TOP: Cognitive development KEY: Nursing Process Step: NA
MSC: NCLEX: NA

5. Most children use sentences of five words by the age of years. a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5

, ANS: D
In a preschool child, the number of words in a typical sentence is about equal to the child’s
age.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 115 OBJ: 4
TOP: Language development and communication skills
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: growth and development

6. When preparing parents to teach their children about sexuality, the health-care worker should
emphasize that they should:
a. treat bodily functions as secret.
b. expect some masturbatory behavior.
c. correct all behavior that involves nudity.
d. limit parental displays of hugging or kissing.



ANS: B
Children in early childhood engage in normal masturbatory behavior. Young children enjoy
nudity.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 120 OBJ: 3
TOP: Sexuality in early childhood KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation MSC:
NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: growth and development

7. Although a 14-month-old girl received a shock from an electrical outlet recently, her mother
finds her about to place a paper clip in another outlet. The repeated behavior is due to: a.
cognitive development is delayed.
b. memory deficit.
c. inability to understand cause and effect.
d. desire for attention.



ANS: C
Reasoning skills are still quite underdeveloped and children at this age do not understand
cause and effect.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 125, Table 8-5
OBJ: 2 TOP: Cognitive development
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: growth and development

8. When a toddler snatches a toy from another toddler, this behavior is:
a. representative of the aggressive nature of toddlers.