STUDY GUIDE
Davis Advantage for
Understanding Medical-Surgical
Nursing 7th Edition
By Linda S. Hopper, Paula D.; Williams, All Chapter's 1 - 57
1
,
(Davis Advantage for Understanding Medical-Surgical Nursing, 7e Linda Williams, Paula Hopper)
Answers
CHAPTER 1 to collect appropriate data, identify a patient
problem, and determine the best possible plan of
CRITICAL action. Clinicaljudgment is based on good critical
THINKING, thinking.
CLINICAL JUDGMENT, Cue
ANDTHE
NURSING PROCESS
Definition: Significant or relevant data. Not all data are
cues (relevant), but all cues are data.
AUDIO CASE STUDY Collaboration
Jane Practices Clinical Judgment Definition: Working together with the health team to
improve patient outcomes.
1. Identify and analyze cues; prioritize
hypotheses; generatesolutions; take action; Intervention
evaluate outcomes; repeat. Definition: Taking action to carry out a plan.
2. Jane was exhausted, failed a test, and was pulled
Evaluation
in too many directions. She was also crying in her car
and hadpoor study habits and not enough sleep. Definition: Comparing the outcomes you expected
3. Jane’s resources included a good friend, sick time with actual outcomes. Did the plan work? Were
from work, and wasted time between classes that expected outcomes met?
she could better utilize. Your resources will be Vigilance
different, but they exist!
Definition: The act of being attentive, alert, and watchful.
4. Critical thinking—the why: Jane uses critical thinking
to determine why her current plan isn’t working. She CRITICAL THINKING AND CLINICALJUDGMENT
thinks honestly about her poor study habits, her
time- management problems, and the impact this is Critical thinking and clinical judgment both follow a
having on her and her family. similar format. Both follow steps from collecting data to
Clinical judgment—the do: Jane uses her thinking determin- ing problems and outcomes, developing and
to develop and carry out a plan that uses her resources taking actions, and evaluating outcomes. However,
and provides more productive study time and more critical thinking helps you think about the problem:
quality time with her kids. What is it? Why is it happen- ing? And clinical
judgment leads you to do something to manage the
VOCABULARY problem.
Sample sentences will vary for the Vocabulary problems. CUE RECOGNITION
Nursing process
You will do many things for each individual, but the FIRST
Definition: An organizing framework that links thinking thing is listed below.
with nursing actions. Steps include assessment/data
collection, nursing diagnosis, planning, 1. Sit the patient upright.
implementation,and evaluation. 2. Call 911 while running across the street.
3. Elevate the feet off the bed by placing a pillow
Critical thinking
under thecalves and allowing the feet to hang off
Definition: The use of those cognitive (knowledge) skills or the edge of the pillow.
strategies that increase the probability of a desirable 4. Check blood glucose and have a glucose source ready.
outcome. Also involves reflection, problem-solving, and 5. Turn the patient to the side to prevent aspiration.
related thinking skills.
Clinical judgment
Definition: The observed outcome of critical thinking and
decision making. A process that uses nursing knowledge
,2 Chapter 1 Answers
CRITICAL THINKING
This is just one possible way to complete a cognitive map.
Patient's
Headache
data
diabetic scale
REVIEW QUESTIONS taking vital signs; data collection is the first step in
The correct answers are in boldface. the nursing process. (2, 3, 4) are all steps in the
nursing process, for which the registered nurse is
1. (2) Critical thinking can lead to better outcomes for responsible; the LPN/LVN may assist the registered
the patient. (1, 3, 4) may be true but are not the nurse with these. Nitroglycerin should not be
best answer. administered withoutfirst knowing the patient’s
2. (4) is correct. The nurse who can admit to not blood pressure.
knowing something is exhibiting intellectual 7. (2) indicates that the patient is concerned about
humility. (1) shows expertise but not necessarily freedomfrom injury and harm. (1) relates to basic
intellectual humility; needs such as air, oxygen, and water. (3) relates to
(2) reporting an error shows intellectual integrity; feeling loved. (4) isrelated to having positive self-
(3) empathizing is positive but does is not esteem.
evidence of humility. 8. (3, 1, 2, 4) is the correct order according to Maslow.
3. (3, 4, 5, 1, 2) is the correct order. 9. (5, 2, 1, 4, 6, 3) is the correct order.
4. (1) is the best definition. (2, 3, 4) do not define 10. (3) shows the patient is actually taking action. (1, 2,
critical thinking but are examples of good 4) are all positive but do not show intent to take
thinking. action.
5. (4) is correct. Evaluation determines whether goals 11. (4) is the nurse’s analysis of the situation. (1, 2)
are achieved and interventions effective. (2) is the role are data; (3) is a recommendation.
of the physician. (1, 3) encompass data collection 12. (1, 2, 3, 4) should be present. Since the data
and imple- mentation, which are earlier steps in the provides only hip replacement as the patient’s
nursing process. problem, (5) thedietitian is not necessary.
6. (1) is correct. The licensed practical nurse/licensed
voca- tional nurse (LPN/LVN) can collect data, which
includes
1
,
Answers
CHAPTER 2 EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
1. proof
2. context
AUDIO CASE STUDY 3. quality
4. care
Marie and Evidence-Based Practice 5. randomized
1. Thirdhand smoke is the dangerous toxins of smoke 6. outcomes
that linger on hair, clothing, furniture, and other 7. gold
surfaces in an area after a cigarette is put out. Marie 8. nursing
learned that exposure to these toxins can be 9. patient’s
neurotoxic to children and can trigger asthma 10. information
attacks in sensitive people.
2. Evidence-based practice is considered the CLINICAL JUDGMENT
gold standardof health care.
1. By questioning the existing way of doing things
3. Step 1: Ask the burning question. Step 2: Search to ensure that the patient receives the best
and collect the most relevant and best evidence care possible
available.Step 3: Think critically. Appraise the
2. A thorough search of the literature, with the assistance
evidence for validity, relevance to the situation,
of the medical librarian, in the area of their burning
and applicability.
ques- tion regarding music reducing preoperative
Step 4: Measure the outcomes before and after
anxiety.
instituting the change. Step 5: Make it happen. Step 6:
3. Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health
Evaluate the practice decision or change.
Literature (CINAHL) Database, Joanna Briggs Institute
4. Combination therapy with a nicotine patch and evidence-based resources, Cochrane Reviews,
nicotine lozenges worked best, although bupropion Medline/ PubMed
(Zyban) or varenicline (Chantix) and nicotine
4. Measure patient outcomes before instituting the
lozenges worked well, too. A Cochrane Review found
evidence-based change in practice so comparisons
that advice and support from nursing staff can
can be made after implementation to determine if
increase patients’ success in quit- ting smoking,
the
especially in a hospital setting.
inter-vention worked
VOCABULARY 5. Evaluate the results to determine whether the
change made a significant difference and if it was
Sample sentences will vary for the Vocabulary problems. valuable interms of cost and time
1. Evidence-based practice: A systematic process that uses REVIEW QUESTIONS
current evidence in making decisions about patient
care. The correct answers are in boldface.
2. Evidence-informed practice: Consideration of 1. (3) is correct. Providing an explanation of why
patient factors along with the use of evidence for
some- thing is done promotes the understanding
shared decision making between the health-care
for why it is important to be done and therefore will
provider and the patient.
more likely be done. (1, 2, 4) only communicate the
3. Randomized controlled trials: True experimental need to perform a task. They do not provide
studies in which as many factors as possible that rationale for the task to pro- mote understanding of
could falsely change the results are controlled. the importance of the task.
4. Research: Scientific study, investigation, or 2. (3) is correct. Evidence-based nursing care that has
experimenta- tion to establish facts and analyze their
been evaluated as appropriate for an agency
significance.
provides the best and safest patient care. (1)
5. Systematic review: A review of relevant research Opinions may not be based on
using guidelines.
Davis Advantage for
Understanding Medical-Surgical
Nursing 7th Edition
By Linda S. Hopper, Paula D.; Williams, All Chapter's 1 - 57
1
,
(Davis Advantage for Understanding Medical-Surgical Nursing, 7e Linda Williams, Paula Hopper)
Answers
CHAPTER 1 to collect appropriate data, identify a patient
problem, and determine the best possible plan of
CRITICAL action. Clinicaljudgment is based on good critical
THINKING, thinking.
CLINICAL JUDGMENT, Cue
ANDTHE
NURSING PROCESS
Definition: Significant or relevant data. Not all data are
cues (relevant), but all cues are data.
AUDIO CASE STUDY Collaboration
Jane Practices Clinical Judgment Definition: Working together with the health team to
improve patient outcomes.
1. Identify and analyze cues; prioritize
hypotheses; generatesolutions; take action; Intervention
evaluate outcomes; repeat. Definition: Taking action to carry out a plan.
2. Jane was exhausted, failed a test, and was pulled
Evaluation
in too many directions. She was also crying in her car
and hadpoor study habits and not enough sleep. Definition: Comparing the outcomes you expected
3. Jane’s resources included a good friend, sick time with actual outcomes. Did the plan work? Were
from work, and wasted time between classes that expected outcomes met?
she could better utilize. Your resources will be Vigilance
different, but they exist!
Definition: The act of being attentive, alert, and watchful.
4. Critical thinking—the why: Jane uses critical thinking
to determine why her current plan isn’t working. She CRITICAL THINKING AND CLINICALJUDGMENT
thinks honestly about her poor study habits, her
time- management problems, and the impact this is Critical thinking and clinical judgment both follow a
having on her and her family. similar format. Both follow steps from collecting data to
Clinical judgment—the do: Jane uses her thinking determin- ing problems and outcomes, developing and
to develop and carry out a plan that uses her resources taking actions, and evaluating outcomes. However,
and provides more productive study time and more critical thinking helps you think about the problem:
quality time with her kids. What is it? Why is it happen- ing? And clinical
judgment leads you to do something to manage the
VOCABULARY problem.
Sample sentences will vary for the Vocabulary problems. CUE RECOGNITION
Nursing process
You will do many things for each individual, but the FIRST
Definition: An organizing framework that links thinking thing is listed below.
with nursing actions. Steps include assessment/data
collection, nursing diagnosis, planning, 1. Sit the patient upright.
implementation,and evaluation. 2. Call 911 while running across the street.
3. Elevate the feet off the bed by placing a pillow
Critical thinking
under thecalves and allowing the feet to hang off
Definition: The use of those cognitive (knowledge) skills or the edge of the pillow.
strategies that increase the probability of a desirable 4. Check blood glucose and have a glucose source ready.
outcome. Also involves reflection, problem-solving, and 5. Turn the patient to the side to prevent aspiration.
related thinking skills.
Clinical judgment
Definition: The observed outcome of critical thinking and
decision making. A process that uses nursing knowledge
,2 Chapter 1 Answers
CRITICAL THINKING
This is just one possible way to complete a cognitive map.
Patient's
Headache
data
diabetic scale
REVIEW QUESTIONS taking vital signs; data collection is the first step in
The correct answers are in boldface. the nursing process. (2, 3, 4) are all steps in the
nursing process, for which the registered nurse is
1. (2) Critical thinking can lead to better outcomes for responsible; the LPN/LVN may assist the registered
the patient. (1, 3, 4) may be true but are not the nurse with these. Nitroglycerin should not be
best answer. administered withoutfirst knowing the patient’s
2. (4) is correct. The nurse who can admit to not blood pressure.
knowing something is exhibiting intellectual 7. (2) indicates that the patient is concerned about
humility. (1) shows expertise but not necessarily freedomfrom injury and harm. (1) relates to basic
intellectual humility; needs such as air, oxygen, and water. (3) relates to
(2) reporting an error shows intellectual integrity; feeling loved. (4) isrelated to having positive self-
(3) empathizing is positive but does is not esteem.
evidence of humility. 8. (3, 1, 2, 4) is the correct order according to Maslow.
3. (3, 4, 5, 1, 2) is the correct order. 9. (5, 2, 1, 4, 6, 3) is the correct order.
4. (1) is the best definition. (2, 3, 4) do not define 10. (3) shows the patient is actually taking action. (1, 2,
critical thinking but are examples of good 4) are all positive but do not show intent to take
thinking. action.
5. (4) is correct. Evaluation determines whether goals 11. (4) is the nurse’s analysis of the situation. (1, 2)
are achieved and interventions effective. (2) is the role are data; (3) is a recommendation.
of the physician. (1, 3) encompass data collection 12. (1, 2, 3, 4) should be present. Since the data
and imple- mentation, which are earlier steps in the provides only hip replacement as the patient’s
nursing process. problem, (5) thedietitian is not necessary.
6. (1) is correct. The licensed practical nurse/licensed
voca- tional nurse (LPN/LVN) can collect data, which
includes
1
,
Answers
CHAPTER 2 EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
1. proof
2. context
AUDIO CASE STUDY 3. quality
4. care
Marie and Evidence-Based Practice 5. randomized
1. Thirdhand smoke is the dangerous toxins of smoke 6. outcomes
that linger on hair, clothing, furniture, and other 7. gold
surfaces in an area after a cigarette is put out. Marie 8. nursing
learned that exposure to these toxins can be 9. patient’s
neurotoxic to children and can trigger asthma 10. information
attacks in sensitive people.
2. Evidence-based practice is considered the CLINICAL JUDGMENT
gold standardof health care.
1. By questioning the existing way of doing things
3. Step 1: Ask the burning question. Step 2: Search to ensure that the patient receives the best
and collect the most relevant and best evidence care possible
available.Step 3: Think critically. Appraise the
2. A thorough search of the literature, with the assistance
evidence for validity, relevance to the situation,
of the medical librarian, in the area of their burning
and applicability.
ques- tion regarding music reducing preoperative
Step 4: Measure the outcomes before and after
anxiety.
instituting the change. Step 5: Make it happen. Step 6:
3. Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health
Evaluate the practice decision or change.
Literature (CINAHL) Database, Joanna Briggs Institute
4. Combination therapy with a nicotine patch and evidence-based resources, Cochrane Reviews,
nicotine lozenges worked best, although bupropion Medline/ PubMed
(Zyban) or varenicline (Chantix) and nicotine
4. Measure patient outcomes before instituting the
lozenges worked well, too. A Cochrane Review found
evidence-based change in practice so comparisons
that advice and support from nursing staff can
can be made after implementation to determine if
increase patients’ success in quit- ting smoking,
the
especially in a hospital setting.
inter-vention worked
VOCABULARY 5. Evaluate the results to determine whether the
change made a significant difference and if it was
Sample sentences will vary for the Vocabulary problems. valuable interms of cost and time
1. Evidence-based practice: A systematic process that uses REVIEW QUESTIONS
current evidence in making decisions about patient
care. The correct answers are in boldface.
2. Evidence-informed practice: Consideration of 1. (3) is correct. Providing an explanation of why
patient factors along with the use of evidence for
some- thing is done promotes the understanding
shared decision making between the health-care
for why it is important to be done and therefore will
provider and the patient.
more likely be done. (1, 2, 4) only communicate the
3. Randomized controlled trials: True experimental need to perform a task. They do not provide
studies in which as many factors as possible that rationale for the task to pro- mote understanding of
could falsely change the results are controlled. the importance of the task.
4. Research: Scientific study, investigation, or 2. (3) is correct. Evidence-based nursing care that has
experimenta- tion to establish facts and analyze their
been evaluated as appropriate for an agency
significance.
provides the best and safest patient care. (1)
5. Systematic review: A review of relevant research Opinions may not be based on
using guidelines.
