COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW GUIDE FOR
LEHNINGER’S PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMISTRY (7TH
EDITION) BY NELSON & COX – UPDATED VERSION
Photosynthesis
Answer ✓ The process through which green plants and some organisms use sunlight and
chlorophyll to create food.
Bacteria
Answer ✓ Single-celled microbes capable of surviving in diverse and extreme conditions.
Archaea
Answer ✓ Microorganisms made up of a single cell that flourish in harsh or extreme
environments.
Eukaryotes
Answer ✓ Living organisms whose cells contain a nucleus surrounded by a membrane.
Heterotrophs
Answer ✓ Organisms that obtain energy by consuming other living or once-living matter.
Chemoautotroph
Answer ✓ An organism that gains energy from the chemical oxidation of inorganic
compounds.
Chemoheterotroph
Answer ✓ An organism that depends on organic substances for both its energy and carbon
needs.
Lithotroph
Answer ✓ A type of organism that uses inorganic materials as sources of electrons.
Photoautotroph
Answer ✓ An organism that harnesses light energy to manufacture organic molecules.
Photoheterotroph
Answer ✓ An organism that depends on light for energy but requires organic carbon
sources.
Mitochondria
Answer ✓ Organelles known as the cell’s power stations, responsible for producing ATP.
Chromatin
Answer ✓ A mixture of DNA and proteins present in eukaryotic cell nuclei.
, Endoplasmic Reticulum
Answer ✓ A cellular organelle that assists in the creation of proteins and fats.
DNA
Answer ✓ The hereditary substance present within cells.
Nucleus
Answer ✓ A membrane-covered organelle that holds the cell’s genetic material
(chromosomes).
Nucleoid
Answer ✓ The area inside a prokaryotic cell where the DNA is concentrated.
Nuclear Envelope
Answer ✓ The dual membrane that surrounds and protects the nucleus.
Biomolecules
Answer ✓ Essential compounds for life, including proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates,
and fats.
Cell Dimensions
Answer ✓ The size of living cells is constrained by the least number of biomolecules needed
for function and the diffusion rate of substances.
Cell Membrane
Answer ✓ The protective boundary that divides the inner part of the cell from the external
surroundings.
Ribosomes
Answer ✓ Tiny molecular structures that create proteins by decoding messenger RNA.
Photosynthetic Capability
Answer ✓ The power of an organism to transform light energy into chemical energy.
Plasma Membranes
Answer ✓ Thin layers that encase cells and organelles.
Eukaryotes
Answer ✓ Organisms whose cells contain a membrane-enclosed nucleus.
Prokaryotes
Answer ✓ Single-celled organisms that do not possess a nucleus.
LEHNINGER’S PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMISTRY (7TH
EDITION) BY NELSON & COX – UPDATED VERSION
Photosynthesis
Answer ✓ The process through which green plants and some organisms use sunlight and
chlorophyll to create food.
Bacteria
Answer ✓ Single-celled microbes capable of surviving in diverse and extreme conditions.
Archaea
Answer ✓ Microorganisms made up of a single cell that flourish in harsh or extreme
environments.
Eukaryotes
Answer ✓ Living organisms whose cells contain a nucleus surrounded by a membrane.
Heterotrophs
Answer ✓ Organisms that obtain energy by consuming other living or once-living matter.
Chemoautotroph
Answer ✓ An organism that gains energy from the chemical oxidation of inorganic
compounds.
Chemoheterotroph
Answer ✓ An organism that depends on organic substances for both its energy and carbon
needs.
Lithotroph
Answer ✓ A type of organism that uses inorganic materials as sources of electrons.
Photoautotroph
Answer ✓ An organism that harnesses light energy to manufacture organic molecules.
Photoheterotroph
Answer ✓ An organism that depends on light for energy but requires organic carbon
sources.
Mitochondria
Answer ✓ Organelles known as the cell’s power stations, responsible for producing ATP.
Chromatin
Answer ✓ A mixture of DNA and proteins present in eukaryotic cell nuclei.
, Endoplasmic Reticulum
Answer ✓ A cellular organelle that assists in the creation of proteins and fats.
DNA
Answer ✓ The hereditary substance present within cells.
Nucleus
Answer ✓ A membrane-covered organelle that holds the cell’s genetic material
(chromosomes).
Nucleoid
Answer ✓ The area inside a prokaryotic cell where the DNA is concentrated.
Nuclear Envelope
Answer ✓ The dual membrane that surrounds and protects the nucleus.
Biomolecules
Answer ✓ Essential compounds for life, including proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates,
and fats.
Cell Dimensions
Answer ✓ The size of living cells is constrained by the least number of biomolecules needed
for function and the diffusion rate of substances.
Cell Membrane
Answer ✓ The protective boundary that divides the inner part of the cell from the external
surroundings.
Ribosomes
Answer ✓ Tiny molecular structures that create proteins by decoding messenger RNA.
Photosynthetic Capability
Answer ✓ The power of an organism to transform light energy into chemical energy.
Plasma Membranes
Answer ✓ Thin layers that encase cells and organelles.
Eukaryotes
Answer ✓ Organisms whose cells contain a membrane-enclosed nucleus.
Prokaryotes
Answer ✓ Single-celled organisms that do not possess a nucleus.
