BIOLOGY 107 - EXAM 3 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) - Correct Answers -can differentiate into many
different types of cells
cell division - Correct Answers -the process of cell's dividing to create two identical (or
sometimes nearly identical) daughter cells
daughter cells - Correct Answers -a cell with a copy of the parent cell's genome
genome - Correct Answers -all of the DNA needed for an organism to survive
chromosome - Correct Answers -the structure that the genomic DNA is packaged into
DNA replication - Correct Answers -copying a chromosome in the parent cell
mitosis - Correct Answers -within the mitotic phase - the process of the cell moving one
copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell and cleaves itself in half to
create the two daughter cells
microtubules spindle fibers - Correct Answers -move chromosomes during cell division -
during prophase of mitosis - spindle fibers form at opposite poles of the cell
centrosome - Correct Answers -an organelle that serves as the main microtubule
organizing center - formed in late G2 phase - help separate sister chromatids
sister chromatids - Correct Answers -the DNA duplexes that are connected together
nonsister chromatids - Correct Answers -the DNA strands from mom and dad in a
homologous pair - not 100% identical
homologous autosomes - Correct Answers -44 autosomes (#1-22 from largest to
smallest)
sex chromosomes - Correct Answers -2 sex chromosomes (X & Y)
where are chromosomes found in prokaryotes - Correct Answers -cytoplasm
where are chromosomes found in eukaryotes - Correct Answers -nucleus
, somatic cells - Correct Answers -non-reproductive cells
gametes - Correct Answers -reproductive cells
quiescent - Correct Answers -when the cell is not dividing - cause the chromosomes to
spread out throughout the nucleus
chromatin - Correct Answers -a complex of proteins and chromosomal DNA - enables
DNA to fit into the nucleus
histones/nucleosome - Correct Answers -proteins - "beads on a string" - that are
involved in chromatin packaging create a more dense structure
cohesin - Correct Answers -a protein complex that enables the chromosomes to
condense for division - once the daughter cells begin to split, the cohesin is broken
down and the sister chromatids are pulled apart
cell cycle - Correct Answers -the process for dividing cells - there are four distinct
periods
interphase - Correct Answers -first major phase during the cell cycle - non dividing stage
- split into three distinct periods
mitotic phase - Correct Answers -second major phase - split into two distinct periods
G1 phase - Correct Answers -- within interphase
- cell is increasing in size
- normal cell function occurring
- proteins needed for S phase and cell cycle regulation are being synthesized near the
end of G1
S phase - Correct Answers -- within interphase
- the cell is synthesizing sister chromatids
- doubling the amount of DNA in cell
G2 phase - Correct Answers -- within interphase
- the cell has doubled the amount of DNA and sister chromatids
- the cell is growing in size and synthesizing proteins needed for mitosis
cytokinesis - Correct Answers -within the mitotic phase - the cell divides in half to create
two new cells
cell cycle checkpoints - Correct Answers -exists so that the cell can ensure that the
events related to cell division are progressing normally - consist of three
AND ANSWERS
mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) - Correct Answers -can differentiate into many
different types of cells
cell division - Correct Answers -the process of cell's dividing to create two identical (or
sometimes nearly identical) daughter cells
daughter cells - Correct Answers -a cell with a copy of the parent cell's genome
genome - Correct Answers -all of the DNA needed for an organism to survive
chromosome - Correct Answers -the structure that the genomic DNA is packaged into
DNA replication - Correct Answers -copying a chromosome in the parent cell
mitosis - Correct Answers -within the mitotic phase - the process of the cell moving one
copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell and cleaves itself in half to
create the two daughter cells
microtubules spindle fibers - Correct Answers -move chromosomes during cell division -
during prophase of mitosis - spindle fibers form at opposite poles of the cell
centrosome - Correct Answers -an organelle that serves as the main microtubule
organizing center - formed in late G2 phase - help separate sister chromatids
sister chromatids - Correct Answers -the DNA duplexes that are connected together
nonsister chromatids - Correct Answers -the DNA strands from mom and dad in a
homologous pair - not 100% identical
homologous autosomes - Correct Answers -44 autosomes (#1-22 from largest to
smallest)
sex chromosomes - Correct Answers -2 sex chromosomes (X & Y)
where are chromosomes found in prokaryotes - Correct Answers -cytoplasm
where are chromosomes found in eukaryotes - Correct Answers -nucleus
, somatic cells - Correct Answers -non-reproductive cells
gametes - Correct Answers -reproductive cells
quiescent - Correct Answers -when the cell is not dividing - cause the chromosomes to
spread out throughout the nucleus
chromatin - Correct Answers -a complex of proteins and chromosomal DNA - enables
DNA to fit into the nucleus
histones/nucleosome - Correct Answers -proteins - "beads on a string" - that are
involved in chromatin packaging create a more dense structure
cohesin - Correct Answers -a protein complex that enables the chromosomes to
condense for division - once the daughter cells begin to split, the cohesin is broken
down and the sister chromatids are pulled apart
cell cycle - Correct Answers -the process for dividing cells - there are four distinct
periods
interphase - Correct Answers -first major phase during the cell cycle - non dividing stage
- split into three distinct periods
mitotic phase - Correct Answers -second major phase - split into two distinct periods
G1 phase - Correct Answers -- within interphase
- cell is increasing in size
- normal cell function occurring
- proteins needed for S phase and cell cycle regulation are being synthesized near the
end of G1
S phase - Correct Answers -- within interphase
- the cell is synthesizing sister chromatids
- doubling the amount of DNA in cell
G2 phase - Correct Answers -- within interphase
- the cell has doubled the amount of DNA and sister chromatids
- the cell is growing in size and synthesizing proteins needed for mitosis
cytokinesis - Correct Answers -within the mitotic phase - the cell divides in half to create
two new cells
cell cycle checkpoints - Correct Answers -exists so that the cell can ensure that the
events related to cell division are progressing normally - consist of three
