UAMS Immunology Exam 3 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Ability of a particular antibody (ABY) to combine with one antigen (AGN) instead of
Specificity
another.
cross reactivity Two or more ABYs will interact with structurally similar AGNs↓Homologous AGN/ABY
affinity Initial attraction between a Fab site & one epitope (localized interaction)
Sum of all antibody-epitope pairs
Avidity
The measure of the overall stability of antigen-antibody complex
occurs when ABYs & particulate (big particles)
Agglutination-Particulate AGN + AGNs cross-link to form large, visible lattices
Appropriate ABY =Clumping Can be performed on slide, in tube test or in
microtiter plate
Relative concentrations of AGN & ABY
Environment◦Temperature
IgG reacts best at 30oto 37o C (WARM ABY)
IgM best at 4oto 27oC (COLD ABY)
Factors affecting lattice formation
pH: Usually best at 6.7 to 7.2
Type of immunoglobulin
IgM: Large molecules can bridge gap
IgG: Small size; needs help bridging the gap between bacterial cells & RBCs
Reactions are easy to perform◻
Most results are qualitative; dilutions can be made to obtain semi-quantitative results
Direct agglutionation Target found naturally on particle
Used to detect AGN or ABY
Hemagglutinationwhen RBC involved
https://quizlet.com/727833367/uams-immunology-exam-3-flash-cards/ 1/7
, Known ANG
unknow ABY
Carrier Yes
AGNs are put on carrier particles to improve the visibility of reactions
passive agglutination AKA indirect or
Latex beads coated with known antigen
particle agglutination test
Mixed w/ serum (unknown antibodies)
Latex-AGN + serum (ABY)
Variety of particles used: RBC, latex, gelatin, silicates, synthetic beads,
ABY (known)-carrier+AGN-unknown (from the patient specimen)
Reverse passive agglutination
Variety of particles used:RBC, latex, gelatin, silicates, synthetic beads
Systems using bacteria as the inert particle-Staphylococcus aureus
Coagulation
ABY is known; AGN is unknown
known ABY
Unknown AGN
Carrier-known AGN
Agglutination inhibition
Based on competition between particulate & soluble AGNs for the limited number of
ABY sites
Lack of agglutination is an indicator of a positive reaction
Combination of soluble AGN with soluble ABY to
produce insoluble complexes which are visible
Precipitation
The measure of the cloudiness or turbidity of a solution
Light is passed through a solution (w/ ABY & AGN) -a detection device is placed in
Turbidimetry
direct line with the incident light
The device measures the decrease in light intensity compared to a blank
Measure light scattered at a particular angle from
the incident beam
Nephelometry The amount of light scattered is an index of the
concentration of the solution
More sensitive than turbidimetry
Double diffusion assay using a semisolid medium where adjacent samples of antigen
Ouchterlony
and antibody solution interact to reveal identity, nonidentity or partial identity.
IFE Use current to separate unknown antigen; add known antibody; stain and read
Known antibody in gel; unknown antigen in well;
add electrical current
Rocket ID
Use current to separate unknown antigen; transfer to membrane; add known
Western blot test
antibodies; stain and read- HIV
Solid phase bound ABY
radioimmunoassay Unknown AGN
Radioactive AGN to compete
Discrete nuclear speckles, usually in multiple of 23
Metaphase cell: Chromosome Region
Centromere
Antigen: Centromere chromatin
https://quizlet.com/727833367/uams-immunology-exam-3-flash-cards/ 2/7
Answers
Ability of a particular antibody (ABY) to combine with one antigen (AGN) instead of
Specificity
another.
cross reactivity Two or more ABYs will interact with structurally similar AGNs↓Homologous AGN/ABY
affinity Initial attraction between a Fab site & one epitope (localized interaction)
Sum of all antibody-epitope pairs
Avidity
The measure of the overall stability of antigen-antibody complex
occurs when ABYs & particulate (big particles)
Agglutination-Particulate AGN + AGNs cross-link to form large, visible lattices
Appropriate ABY =Clumping Can be performed on slide, in tube test or in
microtiter plate
Relative concentrations of AGN & ABY
Environment◦Temperature
IgG reacts best at 30oto 37o C (WARM ABY)
IgM best at 4oto 27oC (COLD ABY)
Factors affecting lattice formation
pH: Usually best at 6.7 to 7.2
Type of immunoglobulin
IgM: Large molecules can bridge gap
IgG: Small size; needs help bridging the gap between bacterial cells & RBCs
Reactions are easy to perform◻
Most results are qualitative; dilutions can be made to obtain semi-quantitative results
Direct agglutionation Target found naturally on particle
Used to detect AGN or ABY
Hemagglutinationwhen RBC involved
https://quizlet.com/727833367/uams-immunology-exam-3-flash-cards/ 1/7
, Known ANG
unknow ABY
Carrier Yes
AGNs are put on carrier particles to improve the visibility of reactions
passive agglutination AKA indirect or
Latex beads coated with known antigen
particle agglutination test
Mixed w/ serum (unknown antibodies)
Latex-AGN + serum (ABY)
Variety of particles used: RBC, latex, gelatin, silicates, synthetic beads,
ABY (known)-carrier+AGN-unknown (from the patient specimen)
Reverse passive agglutination
Variety of particles used:RBC, latex, gelatin, silicates, synthetic beads
Systems using bacteria as the inert particle-Staphylococcus aureus
Coagulation
ABY is known; AGN is unknown
known ABY
Unknown AGN
Carrier-known AGN
Agglutination inhibition
Based on competition between particulate & soluble AGNs for the limited number of
ABY sites
Lack of agglutination is an indicator of a positive reaction
Combination of soluble AGN with soluble ABY to
produce insoluble complexes which are visible
Precipitation
The measure of the cloudiness or turbidity of a solution
Light is passed through a solution (w/ ABY & AGN) -a detection device is placed in
Turbidimetry
direct line with the incident light
The device measures the decrease in light intensity compared to a blank
Measure light scattered at a particular angle from
the incident beam
Nephelometry The amount of light scattered is an index of the
concentration of the solution
More sensitive than turbidimetry
Double diffusion assay using a semisolid medium where adjacent samples of antigen
Ouchterlony
and antibody solution interact to reveal identity, nonidentity or partial identity.
IFE Use current to separate unknown antigen; add known antibody; stain and read
Known antibody in gel; unknown antigen in well;
add electrical current
Rocket ID
Use current to separate unknown antigen; transfer to membrane; add known
Western blot test
antibodies; stain and read- HIV
Solid phase bound ABY
radioimmunoassay Unknown AGN
Radioactive AGN to compete
Discrete nuclear speckles, usually in multiple of 23
Metaphase cell: Chromosome Region
Centromere
Antigen: Centromere chromatin
https://quizlet.com/727833367/uams-immunology-exam-3-flash-cards/ 2/7
