BIOLOGY 102 CHAPTER 43: ESSENTIAL
BIOLOGY II W/LAB (THE IMMUNE SYSTEM),
2025/2026 WITH CORRECT/ACCURATE
ANSWERS
PORTAGE LEARNING
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
This chapter covers how animals recognize foreign bodies (pathogens)
and provide protection
Key Concepts in Chapter 43: The Immune System
Innate Immunity
Adaptive (Acquired) Immunity
Immune Recognition
Immune System Dysfunctions
ESSENTIAL BIOLOGY II W/LAB
Pathogens - CORRECT-ANSWERS--agents that cause disease, infect a wide
range of animals, including humans
The immune system _______ foreign bodies and _______with the production
of immune cells and proteins - CORRECT-ANSWERS--Recognizes, responds
Molecular recognition of nonself - CORRECT-ANSWERS--An animal's
immune system must detect foreign particles and tissues that invade the
body, distinguishing self from non-self. Knowing who they are fighting
against.
,Immunity - CORRECT-ANSWERS--body's capability of removing or killing
foreign substances, pathogens and cancer cells; avoid and limit infection
Name both types of immunity - CORRECT-ANSWERS--Innate
Adaptive
Innate immunity - CORRECT-ANSWERS--present before any exposure to
pathogens and is effective from the time of birth
responds to a broad range of pathogens. All animals have innate
immunity. Immediate defense. a small preset group of receptor proteins
bind to molecules or structures that are absent from animal bodies (host)
but common to a group of viruses, bacteria, or other pathogens
Physical and chemical Barriers (2) - CORRECT-ANSWERS--1)External
barriers- formed by the skin or shell, provide a barrier to pathogens.
2)Chemical secretion-s that trap or kill pathogens guard the body's
entrances and exits.
Internal defenses (4) - CORRECT-ANSWERS--1)Macrophages and other
phagocytic cells that ingest and destroy pathogens
2)Natural Killer Cells
3)Protective Proteins
4)Inflammatory Response
Adaptive Immunity - CORRECT-ANSWERS--Develops after exposure to
agents such as microbes, toxins, or other foreign substances. It involves a
very specific response to pathogens. Only in vertebrates.large number of
receptors, each recognizing a feature typically found only on a particular
part of a particular molecule in a particular pathogen (microbe, toxin).
Detects pathogens with tremendous specificity.
, What type of immunity defenses are enhanced by previous exposure to
the infecting pathogen? - CORRECT-ANSWERS--Adaptive
Recognition and response to adaptive immunity (2) - CORRECT-
ANSWERS--Humoral Response- - Antibodies produce by B cells
Cell- mediated response- Toxic T cells
In insects, an ________made of chitin forms the first barrier to pathogens -
CORRECT-ANSWERS--exoskeleton
The digestive system is protected by a chitin-based barrier and -
CORRECT-ANSWERS--lysozyme
Lysozyme - CORRECT-ANSWERS--an enzyme that catalyzes the
destruction of the cell walls of certain bacteria
In Insects, ________circulate within hemolymph and carry out _______, the
ingestion and digestion of foreign substances including bacteria -
CORRECT-ANSWERS--Hemocytes, phagocytosis
Hemocytes - CORRECT-ANSWERS--secrete antimicrobial peptides that
disrupt the plasma membranes of fungi and bacteria and carry out
phagocytosis in hemolymph >>>
Circulating cells found within the hemolymph of most invertebrates (animals without backbones),
which is analogous to the blood in vertebrates. They are the primary immune cells in these
animals, playing a vital role in their defense mechanisms.
Location and structure
Hemolymph: hemocytes are found floating in the hemolymph, a body fluid that transports
nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body via an open circulatory
system.
BIOLOGY II W/LAB (THE IMMUNE SYSTEM),
2025/2026 WITH CORRECT/ACCURATE
ANSWERS
PORTAGE LEARNING
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
This chapter covers how animals recognize foreign bodies (pathogens)
and provide protection
Key Concepts in Chapter 43: The Immune System
Innate Immunity
Adaptive (Acquired) Immunity
Immune Recognition
Immune System Dysfunctions
ESSENTIAL BIOLOGY II W/LAB
Pathogens - CORRECT-ANSWERS--agents that cause disease, infect a wide
range of animals, including humans
The immune system _______ foreign bodies and _______with the production
of immune cells and proteins - CORRECT-ANSWERS--Recognizes, responds
Molecular recognition of nonself - CORRECT-ANSWERS--An animal's
immune system must detect foreign particles and tissues that invade the
body, distinguishing self from non-self. Knowing who they are fighting
against.
,Immunity - CORRECT-ANSWERS--body's capability of removing or killing
foreign substances, pathogens and cancer cells; avoid and limit infection
Name both types of immunity - CORRECT-ANSWERS--Innate
Adaptive
Innate immunity - CORRECT-ANSWERS--present before any exposure to
pathogens and is effective from the time of birth
responds to a broad range of pathogens. All animals have innate
immunity. Immediate defense. a small preset group of receptor proteins
bind to molecules or structures that are absent from animal bodies (host)
but common to a group of viruses, bacteria, or other pathogens
Physical and chemical Barriers (2) - CORRECT-ANSWERS--1)External
barriers- formed by the skin or shell, provide a barrier to pathogens.
2)Chemical secretion-s that trap or kill pathogens guard the body's
entrances and exits.
Internal defenses (4) - CORRECT-ANSWERS--1)Macrophages and other
phagocytic cells that ingest and destroy pathogens
2)Natural Killer Cells
3)Protective Proteins
4)Inflammatory Response
Adaptive Immunity - CORRECT-ANSWERS--Develops after exposure to
agents such as microbes, toxins, or other foreign substances. It involves a
very specific response to pathogens. Only in vertebrates.large number of
receptors, each recognizing a feature typically found only on a particular
part of a particular molecule in a particular pathogen (microbe, toxin).
Detects pathogens with tremendous specificity.
, What type of immunity defenses are enhanced by previous exposure to
the infecting pathogen? - CORRECT-ANSWERS--Adaptive
Recognition and response to adaptive immunity (2) - CORRECT-
ANSWERS--Humoral Response- - Antibodies produce by B cells
Cell- mediated response- Toxic T cells
In insects, an ________made of chitin forms the first barrier to pathogens -
CORRECT-ANSWERS--exoskeleton
The digestive system is protected by a chitin-based barrier and -
CORRECT-ANSWERS--lysozyme
Lysozyme - CORRECT-ANSWERS--an enzyme that catalyzes the
destruction of the cell walls of certain bacteria
In Insects, ________circulate within hemolymph and carry out _______, the
ingestion and digestion of foreign substances including bacteria -
CORRECT-ANSWERS--Hemocytes, phagocytosis
Hemocytes - CORRECT-ANSWERS--secrete antimicrobial peptides that
disrupt the plasma membranes of fungi and bacteria and carry out
phagocytosis in hemolymph >>>
Circulating cells found within the hemolymph of most invertebrates (animals without backbones),
which is analogous to the blood in vertebrates. They are the primary immune cells in these
animals, playing a vital role in their defense mechanisms.
Location and structure
Hemolymph: hemocytes are found floating in the hemolymph, a body fluid that transports
nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body via an open circulatory
system.
