BIOLOGY 102 EXAM 1: ESSENTIAL BIOLOGY
II W/LAB, 2025/2026 WITH
CORRECT/ACCURATE ANSWERS
PORTAGE LEARNING
Focuses on the foundational topics of the second semester, which often
include evolution, the diversity of life (viruses, bacteria, protists, fungi),
and introductory animal biology (invertebrates and basic
anatomy/physiology).
ESSENTIAL BIOLOGY II W/LAB
The host range of a virus is determined by: - CORRECT-ANSWERS--the
proteins on its surface and that of the host
What molecule would you not expect to find in a retrovirus? - CORRECT-
ANSWERS—thymine(nitrogenous base thymine)>>>
Here's why:
Retroviruses are RNA viruses: Their primary genetic material is ribonucleic acid (RNA).
DNA vs. RNA Bases:
o DNA uses the bases Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), and Thymine (T).
o RNA uses the bases Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), and Uracil (U).
Since a retrovirus's genome is made of RNA, it contains uracil instead of thymine.
While the virus produces DNA within the host cell after infection (using an enzyme called reverse
transcriptase), the mature virus particle that exists outside the cell does not contain DNA or the
base thymine as its genetic core.
, Which of the following is not a component of HIV? - CORRECT-ANSWERS—
ribosomes >>>
This is because HIV, like all viruses, is an acellular particle and lacks the machinery
to make its own proteins. Instead, it relies on the host cell's ribosomes to translate
its genetic information into proteins. Therefore, ribosomes are not a component of
the virus itself.
Which of these is a false statement regarding neuraminidase (NA)? -
CORRECT-ANSWERS--Neuraminidase is a protein on the surface of the
influenza virus.
The function of neuraminidase is to aid in the release of newly
synthesized viruses from an infected host cell.
The virus which carries neuraminidase can still complete its replication
cycle if neuraminidase is not present.
There are 11 variations of the neuraminidase enzyme.
None of the above.
A SARS-CoV 2 virion is approaching a cell which does NOT have an ACE2
receptor on its surface. Based off of this information, which of the
following is the most likely to occur? - CORRECT-ANSWERS--The cell in
question will become infected with SARS-CoV 2.
The cell in question will soon begin to synthesize viral proteins specific to
SARS-CoV 2.
The cell in question would not survive an encounter with the SARS-CoV 2
virion, if it were to occur.
AAAA-The SARS-CoV 2 virion may infect a different cell inside of the host
body it is in.
All of the choices listed above are equally likely to occur.
All of the following are true about the CRISPR-Cas system EXCEPT ... -
CORRECT-ANSWERS--AAA-In bacteria with a CRISPR-Cas system, the cas9
II W/LAB, 2025/2026 WITH
CORRECT/ACCURATE ANSWERS
PORTAGE LEARNING
Focuses on the foundational topics of the second semester, which often
include evolution, the diversity of life (viruses, bacteria, protists, fungi),
and introductory animal biology (invertebrates and basic
anatomy/physiology).
ESSENTIAL BIOLOGY II W/LAB
The host range of a virus is determined by: - CORRECT-ANSWERS--the
proteins on its surface and that of the host
What molecule would you not expect to find in a retrovirus? - CORRECT-
ANSWERS—thymine(nitrogenous base thymine)>>>
Here's why:
Retroviruses are RNA viruses: Their primary genetic material is ribonucleic acid (RNA).
DNA vs. RNA Bases:
o DNA uses the bases Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), and Thymine (T).
o RNA uses the bases Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), and Uracil (U).
Since a retrovirus's genome is made of RNA, it contains uracil instead of thymine.
While the virus produces DNA within the host cell after infection (using an enzyme called reverse
transcriptase), the mature virus particle that exists outside the cell does not contain DNA or the
base thymine as its genetic core.
, Which of the following is not a component of HIV? - CORRECT-ANSWERS—
ribosomes >>>
This is because HIV, like all viruses, is an acellular particle and lacks the machinery
to make its own proteins. Instead, it relies on the host cell's ribosomes to translate
its genetic information into proteins. Therefore, ribosomes are not a component of
the virus itself.
Which of these is a false statement regarding neuraminidase (NA)? -
CORRECT-ANSWERS--Neuraminidase is a protein on the surface of the
influenza virus.
The function of neuraminidase is to aid in the release of newly
synthesized viruses from an infected host cell.
The virus which carries neuraminidase can still complete its replication
cycle if neuraminidase is not present.
There are 11 variations of the neuraminidase enzyme.
None of the above.
A SARS-CoV 2 virion is approaching a cell which does NOT have an ACE2
receptor on its surface. Based off of this information, which of the
following is the most likely to occur? - CORRECT-ANSWERS--The cell in
question will become infected with SARS-CoV 2.
The cell in question will soon begin to synthesize viral proteins specific to
SARS-CoV 2.
The cell in question would not survive an encounter with the SARS-CoV 2
virion, if it were to occur.
AAAA-The SARS-CoV 2 virion may infect a different cell inside of the host
body it is in.
All of the choices listed above are equally likely to occur.
All of the following are true about the CRISPR-Cas system EXCEPT ... -
CORRECT-ANSWERS--AAA-In bacteria with a CRISPR-Cas system, the cas9
