NUR445 Exam 2 NUR 445
Module 4 - Renal,
Gastrointestinal, and
Reproductive Disorders
Exam 2
Renal Disorders
1. A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a serum potassium level of 6.2
mEq/L. Which of the following is the nurse’s priority action?
A. Administer sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)
B. Place the patient on a high-potassium diet
C. Encourage increased fluid intake
D. Administer a diuretic without monitoring
Answer: A. Administer sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)
Rationale: Hyperkalemia can be life-threatening due to cardiac arrhythmias.
Kayexalate helps remove potassium from the body.
2. A patient with acute glomerulonephritis presents with hematuria, proteinuria, and
edema. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate?
A. Restrict fluids and monitor weight
B. Encourage high-protein diet
C. Administer stool softeners only
D. Encourage vigorous exercise
Answer: A. Restrict fluids and monitor weight
,Rationale: Fluid restriction helps manage edema and prevent fluid overload in
patients with impaired kidney function.
3. A patient with a history of nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) is admitted with severe
flank pain. Which intervention should the nurse implement first?
A. Apply a heating pad to the abdomen
B. Administer IV opioids as prescribed
C. Encourage increased oral fluid intake
D. Prepare the patient for lithotripsy
Answer: B. Administer IV opioids as prescribed
Rationale: Pain management is the priority for acute kidney stone episodes.
Gastrointestinal Disorders
4. A patient with cirrhosis develops ascites. Which of the following nursing
interventions is appropriate?
A. Encourage a high-sodium diet
B. Measure abdominal girth daily
C. Administer stool softeners to prevent diarrhea
D. Encourage bed rest only
Answer: B. Measure abdominal girth daily
Rationale: Monitoring abdominal girth helps assess fluid accumulation and the
effectiveness of diuretic therapy.
5. A patient with ulcerative colitis reports 8–10 bloody stools per day. Which nursing
action is most important?
A. Encourage low-fiber diet
B. Monitor electrolyte levels and hydration status
C. Encourage increased physical activity
D. Administer antacids
Answer: B. Monitor electrolyte levels and hydration status
Rationale: Frequent diarrhea can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances,
which are priorities to monitor.
, 6. Which clinical manifestation indicates a complication of peptic ulcer disease
(PUD)?
A. Mild epigastric discomfort relieved by food
B. Hematemesis or black, tarry stools
C. Occasional heartburn
D. Bloating after meals
Answer: B. Hematemesis or black, tarry stools
Rationale: These signs suggest gastrointestinal bleeding, a serious complication of
PUD.
Reproductive Disorders
7. A 28-year-old woman reports painful menstrual periods and infertility. She is
diagnosed with endometriosis. Which is an appropriate nursing intervention?
A. Encourage a high-fat diet
B. Teach relaxation and pain management techniques
C. Advise complete abstinence from physical activity
D. Recommend immediate hysterectomy
Answer: B. Teach relaxation and pain management techniques
Rationale: Pain management, including relaxation strategies, is key while medical
treatment is initiated.
8. A postmenopausal woman reports vaginal bleeding. Which action should the
nurse take first?
A. Schedule routine follow-up in 6 months
B. Document the symptom and reassure the patient
C. Notify the healthcare provider for further evaluation
D. Recommend over-the-counter estrogen cream
Answer: C. Notify the healthcare provider for further evaluation
Rationale: Postmenopausal bleeding may indicate malignancy and requires prompt
evaluation.
Module 4 - Renal,
Gastrointestinal, and
Reproductive Disorders
Exam 2
Renal Disorders
1. A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a serum potassium level of 6.2
mEq/L. Which of the following is the nurse’s priority action?
A. Administer sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)
B. Place the patient on a high-potassium diet
C. Encourage increased fluid intake
D. Administer a diuretic without monitoring
Answer: A. Administer sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)
Rationale: Hyperkalemia can be life-threatening due to cardiac arrhythmias.
Kayexalate helps remove potassium from the body.
2. A patient with acute glomerulonephritis presents with hematuria, proteinuria, and
edema. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate?
A. Restrict fluids and monitor weight
B. Encourage high-protein diet
C. Administer stool softeners only
D. Encourage vigorous exercise
Answer: A. Restrict fluids and monitor weight
,Rationale: Fluid restriction helps manage edema and prevent fluid overload in
patients with impaired kidney function.
3. A patient with a history of nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) is admitted with severe
flank pain. Which intervention should the nurse implement first?
A. Apply a heating pad to the abdomen
B. Administer IV opioids as prescribed
C. Encourage increased oral fluid intake
D. Prepare the patient for lithotripsy
Answer: B. Administer IV opioids as prescribed
Rationale: Pain management is the priority for acute kidney stone episodes.
Gastrointestinal Disorders
4. A patient with cirrhosis develops ascites. Which of the following nursing
interventions is appropriate?
A. Encourage a high-sodium diet
B. Measure abdominal girth daily
C. Administer stool softeners to prevent diarrhea
D. Encourage bed rest only
Answer: B. Measure abdominal girth daily
Rationale: Monitoring abdominal girth helps assess fluid accumulation and the
effectiveness of diuretic therapy.
5. A patient with ulcerative colitis reports 8–10 bloody stools per day. Which nursing
action is most important?
A. Encourage low-fiber diet
B. Monitor electrolyte levels and hydration status
C. Encourage increased physical activity
D. Administer antacids
Answer: B. Monitor electrolyte levels and hydration status
Rationale: Frequent diarrhea can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances,
which are priorities to monitor.
, 6. Which clinical manifestation indicates a complication of peptic ulcer disease
(PUD)?
A. Mild epigastric discomfort relieved by food
B. Hematemesis or black, tarry stools
C. Occasional heartburn
D. Bloating after meals
Answer: B. Hematemesis or black, tarry stools
Rationale: These signs suggest gastrointestinal bleeding, a serious complication of
PUD.
Reproductive Disorders
7. A 28-year-old woman reports painful menstrual periods and infertility. She is
diagnosed with endometriosis. Which is an appropriate nursing intervention?
A. Encourage a high-fat diet
B. Teach relaxation and pain management techniques
C. Advise complete abstinence from physical activity
D. Recommend immediate hysterectomy
Answer: B. Teach relaxation and pain management techniques
Rationale: Pain management, including relaxation strategies, is key while medical
treatment is initiated.
8. A postmenopausal woman reports vaginal bleeding. Which action should the
nurse take first?
A. Schedule routine follow-up in 6 months
B. Document the symptom and reassure the patient
C. Notify the healthcare provider for further evaluation
D. Recommend over-the-counter estrogen cream
Answer: C. Notify the healthcare provider for further evaluation
Rationale: Postmenopausal bleeding may indicate malignancy and requires prompt
evaluation.
