DETAILED ANSWERS|LATEST
ANA definition of nursing - ANSWER The protection, promotion, and optimization of
health & abilities; prevention of illness & injury; alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis
& treatment of human response; advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities,
& populations
ICN definition of nursing - ANSWER Autonomous & collaborative care of individuals of
all ages, families, groups, & communities, sick or well and in all settings; includes the
promotion of health & prevention of illness & the care of ill, disabled, & dying people;
advocacy, promotion of a safe envy, research, participation in shaping health policy & in
patient health systems management, & education
Florence Nightingale - ANSWER 1. Featured in the Crimean War (1853-1856)
2. Focused on health maintenance & restoration by environmental manipulation; connected
poor sanitation to cholera & dysentery
3. Reduced mortality rate from 42.7% to 2.2% in 6 months
4. 1st organized program for training nurses (London)
5. Opened 1st school of nursing (Britain)
6. 1st practicing nurse epidemiologist & was an environmental theorist
Clara Barton - ANSWER 1. Featured in Civil War (battle lasting 1860-1865)
2. Founded the American Red Cross
-ratified in 1882, created in 1900
Mary Ann Ball (Mother Bickerdyke) - ANSWER Organized ambulance services in Union
Army
1
, Dorothea Dix - ANSWER 1. Superintendent of female nurses in Union Army
2. Organized hospitals, appointed nurses, oversaw & regulated supplies for troops
Mary Mahoney - ANSWER 1. 1st professionally trained af. American nurse
2. Concerned with relationships between cultures / races; brought awareness to cultural
diversity &respect for individual
Isabel Hampton Robb - ANSWER 1. Founded Nurses' Associated Alumnae of U.S. &
Canada (1896), this became the ANA (1911)
2. Author
3. One of the original founders of the American Journal of Nursing (AJN)
Lillian Waldo & Mary Brewster - ANSWER 1. Focused on health of poor people /
community health
2. Founded the Henry Street Settlement in NYC (community health clinic)
Mary Adelaide Nutting - ANSWER 1. 1st professor of nursing at Columbia University
Teachers College (1906)
2. Affiliation of nursing education with universities
Characteristics of a Profession - ANSWER 1. Liberal education & extended education
2. Has a theoretical body of knowledge (defined skills, abilities, & norms)
3. Provides a specific service
4. Members have autonomy in decision making
5. Has a Code of Ethics for practice
Scope of Practice - ANSWER The legal boundaries of health care providers as defined
in state statutes
2
ANA definition of nursing - ANSWER The protection, promotion, and optimization of
health & abilities; prevention of illness & injury; alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis
& treatment of human response; advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities,
& populations
ICN definition of nursing - ANSWER Autonomous & collaborative care of individuals of
all ages, families, groups, & communities, sick or well and in all settings; includes the
promotion of health & prevention of illness & the care of ill, disabled, & dying people;
advocacy, promotion of a safe envy, research, participation in shaping health policy & in
patient health systems management, & education
Florence Nightingale - ANSWER 1. Featured in the Crimean War (1853-1856)
2. Focused on health maintenance & restoration by environmental manipulation; connected
poor sanitation to cholera & dysentery
3. Reduced mortality rate from 42.7% to 2.2% in 6 months
4. 1st organized program for training nurses (London)
5. Opened 1st school of nursing (Britain)
6. 1st practicing nurse epidemiologist & was an environmental theorist
Clara Barton - ANSWER 1. Featured in Civil War (battle lasting 1860-1865)
2. Founded the American Red Cross
-ratified in 1882, created in 1900
Mary Ann Ball (Mother Bickerdyke) - ANSWER Organized ambulance services in Union
Army
1
, Dorothea Dix - ANSWER 1. Superintendent of female nurses in Union Army
2. Organized hospitals, appointed nurses, oversaw & regulated supplies for troops
Mary Mahoney - ANSWER 1. 1st professionally trained af. American nurse
2. Concerned with relationships between cultures / races; brought awareness to cultural
diversity &respect for individual
Isabel Hampton Robb - ANSWER 1. Founded Nurses' Associated Alumnae of U.S. &
Canada (1896), this became the ANA (1911)
2. Author
3. One of the original founders of the American Journal of Nursing (AJN)
Lillian Waldo & Mary Brewster - ANSWER 1. Focused on health of poor people /
community health
2. Founded the Henry Street Settlement in NYC (community health clinic)
Mary Adelaide Nutting - ANSWER 1. 1st professor of nursing at Columbia University
Teachers College (1906)
2. Affiliation of nursing education with universities
Characteristics of a Profession - ANSWER 1. Liberal education & extended education
2. Has a theoretical body of knowledge (defined skills, abilities, & norms)
3. Provides a specific service
4. Members have autonomy in decision making
5. Has a Code of Ethics for practice
Scope of Practice - ANSWER The legal boundaries of health care providers as defined
in state statutes
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